坦索罗辛治疗输尿管中上段结石的前瞻随机对照研究

目的探讨α1受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛对输尿管上、中段结石排石的影响。方法 142例患者入选本研究,结石大小4～10 mm,随机分为两组,观察组口服坦索罗辛+排石颗粒,对照组口服排石颗粒,疗程8周。比较两组患者的排石时间、排石率、止痛药的使用量及使用率、生活质量评分和药物副作用等。结果两组患者的排石时间、排石率、止痛药的使用量及使用率、生活质量评分、药物副作用的发生率均有差异性。结论α1受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛可以提高输尿管上、中段结石的排石率,缩短排石时间。     

坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石80例报告

目的评价坦索罗辛在输尿管下段结石辅助排石中的临床效果。方法将80例确诊为单纯输尿管下段结石的患者,随机分为两组:对照组及坦索罗辛(0.2 mg,1次/d)治疗组。两组间患者的年龄、性别、结石直径等差异均无统计学意义。随访2周,观察结石排出率、结石排出时间、肾绞痛发生、镇痛剂使用情况和药物不良反应。结果坦索罗辛治疗组的结石完全排出率为72.5%,显著高于对照组的37.5%(P<0.05);结石排出时间(5±3)d、因肾绞痛的发作而需镇痛剂的使用率为2.5%、也显著低于对照组的(10±3)d及17.5%(P<0.05)。2周内两组患者未观察到明显的药物不良反应,无因不能耐受而退出者。结论坦索罗辛可明显促进输尿管下段结石排出,缓解肾绞痛发生,可作为一种有效的输尿管下段结石辅助药物疗法。     

坦索罗辛配合ESWL治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效

目的:探讨坦索罗辛配合ESWL治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效.方法:将600例患者随机分为治疗组400例,对照组200例,两组患者行ESWL后均采用抗炎治疗给予氧氟沙星、排石冲剂,治疗时间4周.治疗组加服坦索罗辛0.4mg/日.结果:治疗组总有效率98％,对照组76％,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:坦索罗辛配合ESWL治疗输尿管结石,能提高排石率,消除疼痛,缩短排石时间,可以作为输尿管结石ESWL术后排石的辅助用药.     

输尿管结石治疗方案与现况分析

输尿管结石是泌尿外科常见疾病,其治疗方法目前未有统一准则,主要包括药物治疗、ESWL、输尿管镜取石等。本文就输尿管结石治疗现状及方法予以分析。     

α1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔在慢性非细菌性前列腺炎治疗的临床分析

目的研究α1肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂萘哌地尔在NBP（慢性非细菌性前列腺炎）的临床治疗上是否安全有效。方法采取多中心、开放的临床研究方法,选取110例NBP患者并对其治疗四个星期。治疗所获得的各项指标均按照EPS（美国国立卫生院前列腺液）WBC计数及最大尿流量、NIH-CPSI（慢性前列腺炎症状评分）作为参考指标,对该药物的安全性以及有效性进行测评。结果在四周的治疗之后,110例患者中有109例可进行评价。全组患者治疗前后的生活质量评分平均降低4.1分,症状评分平均降低了7.9分,NIH-CPSI总评分平均降低了12.0分。治疗前后的MFR分别为（19.24-4.8）、（22.74-4.9）mL/s。EPS中治疗前及治疗后的WBC计数分别为（15.24-15.1）、（9.54-12.0）个/HP。若评价标准为病人的症状改善情况,则17例患者治疗无效约占总体的15.6%,56例患者治疗有效约占总体51.4%,33例患者治疗显效约占总体30.3%,3例患者治愈约占总体的2.7%。治疗的总有效率为84.4%。在治疗过程中有2两例患者出现食欲不振,4例患者出现轻度头晕的症状,总体不良事件发生率为3.81%。结论可见萘哌地尔在临床治疗慢性非细菌性前列腺炎上有效、安全。     

呋塞米联合坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石的临床研究

目的：评价呋塞米联合坦索罗辛治疗输尿管下段结石的临床效果。方法：90例确诊单纯榆尿管下段结石的患者,年龄15—71岁,结石4．0—10．0mm,随机分为3组：空白对照组、坦索罗辛（0．2mg,1次／d）对照组、联合治疗组（服用坦索罗辛和呋塞米）。3组间患者的年龄、性别、结石直径等差异均无统计学意义。随访2周,观察结石排出率、结石排出时间、肾绞痛发生、镇痛荆使用情况和药物不良反应。结果：联合治疗组、坦索罗辛组的结石完全排出率分别为93．0％、72．0％,均显著高于对照组的38．0％（P均〈0．05）;结石排出时间、肾绞痛发生率和镇痛剂的使用率分别为（8．10±1．57）d、20．0％、6．7％和（9．31±1．60）d、48．0％、24．0％,也均显著低于对照组的（12．10±1．72）d、63．0％和54．0％（P均〈0．05）。且联合治疗组的结石排出率明显高于坦索罗辛组,结石排出时间、肾绞痛发生率和镇痛药使用率也均低于后者。3组患者均未观察到明显的药物不良反应。结论：呋塞米联合坦索罗辛明显促进输尿管下段结石排出,缓解肾绞痛发生,可作为一种有效的输尿管下段结石药物疗法。     

排石颗粒联合坦索罗辛治疗体外冲击波碎石后输尿管下段结石的临床疗效

目的探讨排石颗粒联合坦索罗辛治疗体外冲击波碎石（extrocorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL）后输尿管下段结石的临床疗效。方法选取我院输尿管下段结石ESWL术后患者120例,随机分为实验组和对照组各60例,两组患者均饮水2L/d,常规给予抗感染、止血等处理,实验组给予排石颗粒联合坦索罗辛治疗;对照组仅给予排石颗粒治疗。观察结石排出率、碎石后肉眼血尿时间、典型肾绞痛再次发生率及复发率。结果两组的排石率分别为96.67%和85.00%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。实验组的碎石后肉眼血尿时间、典型肾绞痛的再次发生率及复发率均低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论排石颗粒联合坦索罗辛能显著提高输尿管下段结石ESWL后的结石排出率,减少碎石后肉眼血尿的时间和再次发生肾绞痛的几率,降低复发率,且安全有效,值得临床推广。     

输尿管镜治疗输尿管结石引起的急性梗阻性肾功能不全的临床分析

目的探讨急诊经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石+取石处理输尿管结石嵌顿引起的肾后性急性梗阻性肾功能不全治疗方法的可行性。方法对12例结石嵌顿于输尿管中下段导致急性肾功能不全患者,急诊施行经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石取石、输尿管放置双J管内引流术。结果所有患者顺利接受手术,12例中下段结石获得了粉碎,部分较大结石碎块被钳夹取出;全部于术后1周内排尽碎石。结论急诊经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石取石术解除输尿管结石性梗阻便捷、安全、有效,是急性梗阻性肾功能不全的首选治疗方法。     

支架治疗颅内远端动脉瘤安全性和有效性分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨血管内支架治疗颅内远端动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月在河南省人民医院接受血管内支架治疗的40例颅内远端动脉瘤患者临床资料,动脉瘤共43枚。动脉瘤辅助支架栓塞治疗32例（34枚）,血流导向装置治疗8例（9枚）。颅内远端动脉瘤定义为位于前循环中A2/M2段、后循环中P2段及其远端动脉瘤。随访期采用Raymond分级评分评估动脉瘤栓塞情况,改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分评估临床预后。结果 34枚动脉瘤成功完成支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,末次影像随访结果显示31枚（91.2%）动脉瘤Raymond评分Ⅰ级,3枚Ⅱ级。4例（12.5%）患者发生手术相关缺血性并发症。中位随访6.5个月,31例（96.9%）患者mRS评分为0～2分,获得良好预后。9枚动脉瘤成功完成血流导向装置治疗,末次影像随访结果显示5枚动脉瘤Raymond分级Ⅰ级,3枚Ⅱ级,1枚失访。1例患者发生缺血性并发症。中位随访9个月,6例患者mRS评分为0～2分,获得良好预后。结论 血管内支架辅助栓塞颅内远端动脉瘤是一种安全有效的治疗策略。小口径支架应用提高了颅内远端动脉瘤治疗闭塞率,血流导向装置是用传统方法治疗具有挑战性的远端动脉瘤的有效替代方法。     

髓内钉和掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折临床疗效RCT研究的Meta分析

目的 探讨髓内钉与掌侧锁定钢板固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的疗效差异.方法 检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Springer Link和Elsevier等中外文数据库.收集建库至2021月5月公开发表的有关髓内钉与掌侧锁定钢板固定治疗桡骨远端...     

腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗肾输尿管结石28例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜治疗输尿管结石合并肾结石的临床应用。方法 28例经腹腔途径使用腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜取出输尿管结石合并肾结石,术中放置双J管。结果患者结石均取出,手术时间120～180 min。手术出血量40～100 ml。术后住院6～8 d。随访3～8个月,未见并发症发生。结论腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜取石术创伤小、恢复快、疗效好、手术并发症少,是可行的多镜联合微创技术。     

经尿道输尿管肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨经输尿管肾镜联合钬激光腔内治疗输尿管结石的有效性及安全性。方法分析2005年1月～2006年12月收治的经输尿管肾镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石206例的临床资料。其中181例伴有患侧轻、中度肾盂积水,IVP患肾不显影19例,28例同时合并结石远端输尿管狭窄,57例合并有息肉或肉芽组织包裹,26例为体外冲击波碎石术（ESWL）治疗失败。结果206例中195例单次手术碎石成功,单次手术结石粉碎率达94．7％（195／206）。平均手术时间25min,术中无输尿管穿孔等并发症发生,平均住院日5.5d。10例结石在钬激光碎石过程中移位于肾盏或结石残留,术后再行ESWL治愈;1例双侧输尿管结石,因输尿管狭窄无法人镜,中转开放手术。结论输尿管肾镜联合钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石有效、安全,可作为输尿管结石特别是中下段结石首选的治疗方法。     

Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy an effective treatment for chronic periodontitis in diabetes mellitus and cigarette smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTo determine whether treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) improves clinical, microbiological and immunological outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cigarette smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP).MethodsDatabases (MEDLINE, PubMed; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register) were searched up to and including May 2017. The addressed PICO question was: “Does aPDT as an adjunct to SRP improves clinical, microbiological and immunological outcomes in T2DM and smokers with CP?”ResultsSix randomized clinical trials were included. All studies reporting clinical periodontal, microbiological, and immunological parameters showed that aPDT was effective in the treatment of CP in T2DM and smokers at follow up. When compared with SRP alone, none of the studies showed additional benefits of aPDT at follow up. Considering the effects of adjunctive aPDT as compared to SRP on clinical signs of CP in T2DM and smokers, no difference could be observed for all evaluated parameters (PD: Z = −0.81, P = 0.41; CAL: Z = −0.19, P = 0.84) except IL-1β (Z = 4.57, P < 0.001).ConclusionDue to limited evidence, it remains debatable whether aPDT as an adjunct to SRP is effective in improving clinical, microbiological and immunological outcomes compared to SRP alone in T2DM and smokers with CP. Further well-designed, large-scale clinical trials with microbiological parameters and long follow up periods are needed in order to assess the efficacy of adjunctive aPDT in T2DM and cigarette smokers with CP.     

单通道与多通道经皮肾镜取石术治疗复杂性肾结石有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的 评价单通道经皮肾镜取石术(single channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy,S-PCNL)与多通道经皮肾镜取石术(multichannel percutaneous nephrolithotomy,M-PCNL)治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法 检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据平台从建库到2017年9月的文献,对所纳入的研究运用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10个研究,其中4个随机对照试验,其余6个均为半随机对照试验,共992例患者。Meta分析结果显示：M-PCNL组的第一次结石清除率优于S-PCNL组[OR=3.69,95%CI(2.51~5.42),P<0.000 01]、M-PCNL组总结石清除率优于S-PCNL组[OR=4.52,95%CI(2.41~8.48),P<0.000 01],而M-PCNL组和S-PCNL组在术中出血量无显著性差异。对多通道组选择的通道大小不同行亚组分析,通道F20时,2组的术中出血量无统计学意义,通道F18时,M-PCNL组的术中出血量多于S-PCNL组[MD=1.31,95%CI(0.05~2.57),P=0.04]。另外2组术后迟发性出血、术后总并发症、手术时间、住院时间无显著性差异。结论 对于复杂性肾结石,建立2~3个F18通道的M-PCNL在第一次结石清除率及总结石清除率方面优于S PCNL,而术中出血量、术后迟发性出血、术后总并发症、手术时间、住院时间无显著差异。     

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus antibiotics as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTo determine whether treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better clinical periodontal outcomes than antibiotics (AB) as adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted in databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register databases) up to and including April 2017.ResultsFive randomized trials were included. All studies used the combined approach aPDT + SRP and AB + SRP in the test and control group respectively. The follow up period ranged from 12 to 48 weeks. All studies used diode lasers. The wavelengths, power density and duration of irradiation used were 670 nanometre, 75 milliwatts per square centimeters and 60 s respectively. None of the studies showed additional benefits of aPDT at follow up. Considering the effects of adjunctive aPDT as compared to AB, a high degree of heterogeneity for periodontal probing depth (PPD) (p < 0.0001, I² = 87.47%) was noticed among both the groups. Meta-analysis showed significant clinical attachment level (CAL) gain (WMD = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.95, p = 0.001), and not PPD reduction (WMD = 0.67, 95% CI = –0.36 to 1.71, p = 0.204) for aPDT as compared to AB at follow up.ConclusionIt remains debatable whether aPDT is more effective as compared to adjunctive AB in the treatment of periodontitis, given that the scientific evidence is weak. Precautions must be exercised when interpreting the results of this study due to the small sample size and high heterogeneity among studies.     

Prevalence of Vitamin-D deficiency and insufficiency among prisoners across the globe: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimInadequate nutrition is linked to a wide range of detrimental chronic and infectious illness outcomes among the prison populations. However, there is a paucity of thorough analysis of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among jail inmates. Consequently, in order to bridge this gap, we conducted a thorough research to ascertain the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among prisoners worldwide.MethodSix computer-based literature indexes were thoroughly searched for topic focused publications. The I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity among the studies. The overall effect was assessed using a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. We used metafor package in R version 4.2.1 for the analysis of data.ResultOut of 612 studies, 4 studies were included for analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 55% among prisoners. On the other hand, 29.41% were found to have insufficient vitamin D levels.ConclusionDespite the scant available research, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among prisoners. Regular vitamin D status evaluations using reliable health tests, dietary inspection and supplementation are crucial.Prospero registration idCRD42023396203.     

热毒宁注射液治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效与安全性系统评价

目的系统评价热毒宁注射液治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效与安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、中国学术期刊全文数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库,搜索热毒宁注射液治疗毛细支气管炎的随机对照试验,由2位研究者根据纳入排除标准独立进行文献筛选和资料提取。采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入文献进行质量评价和Meta分析,并采用“推荐分级的评价、制定与评估”系统对证据质量和等级推荐进行分级。结果共纳入9个随机双盲对照试验,均为在常规治疗基础上加用热毒宁注射液治疗婴幼儿毛细支气管炎。治疗组与对照组相比总有效率差异有统计学意义（风险率为1.19,95%置信区间1.06~1.35,P<0.05）;治疗组与对照组相比,住院时长差异有统计学意义（平均差为-1.61,95%置信区间-2.70~-0.52,P＜0.001）;2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经“推荐分级的评价、制定与评估”系统对证据质量评价显示,总有效率和住院时长2个结局指标的证据强度为低。结论热毒宁注射液能有效应用于毛细支气管炎的治疗,且无严重不良反应。由于纳入的研究普遍质量不高,尚需开展更多大样本、多中心和高质量的随机对照试验来进一步验证。     

Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy adjunctive to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis based on up-to-date evidence.MethodsMEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), supplemented by a manual literature search. Mean differences (MD) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were synthesized. The I² test and Q statistics were used to determine the inter-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis based on smoking status was performed.ResultsEleven RCTs with a total of 243 subjects were included. Significant improvement in PD reduction (MD = 0.13, CI:0.02–0.24, p = 0.02) and marginal significant improvement in CAL gain (MD = 0.18, CI:−0.005–0.363, p = 0.056) were observed in favor of SRP+PDT at 3 months. When evaluated at 6 months after baseline, the association of PDT with SRP resulted in a significant benefit in PD reduction (MD = 0.40, CI:0.05–0.74, p = 0.03), but not in CAL gain (MD = 0.37, CI:−0.18–0.93, p = 0.18). Subgroup analysis revealed that the combined therapy produced no significant improvements in PD and CAL at neither 3 months nor 6 months for studies with smokers. No treatment-related adverse events or side effects had been reported by the included studies.ConclusionsPooled analysis suggests a short-term benefit of PDT as an adjunct to SRP in clinical outcome variables. However, evidence regarding its long-term efficacy is still insufficient and no significant effect has been confirmed in terms of CAL gain at 6 months. Future clinical trials of high methodological quality are needed to establish the optimal combination of photosensitizer and laser configuration.     

Photodynamic therapy in combination with ranibizumab versus ranibizumab monotherapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the outcome and serious adverse effects of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) monotherapy vs. combined treatment of IVR and photodynamic therapy (PDT) on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).MethodsA computerized online search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Stata 11.0 software was used to do the Meta-analysis.ResultsAfter a detailed systematic review, 4 articles (5 study samples) were included for this meta-analysis. PCV eyes treated with PDT combined with IVR achieved better best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) than IVR monotherapy group throughout a follow-up of 12(th) month (weight mean difference [WMD] in BCVA, 0.132; 95% CI, 0.029–0.234, p = 0.012). Further meta-analysis including studies with 24-month follow up period showed that BCVA at 24(th) month was also better in the combined treatment group than the monotherapy group (WMD in BCVA = 0.234; 95% CI, 0.071–0.398, p = 0.005). There were no significant differences both in serious ocular adverse effects and non-ocular adverse effects (p > 0.05) between two groups.ConclusionsTreatment of PCV by PDT combine with IVR is valuable in improving visual acuity and maintaining long term effectiveness. Given the inherent limitations of the included research, future studies are needed to further validate and update the findings in this area.     

Diagnostic performance of computed tomography for parathyroid adenoma localization; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract purposeTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of CT for preoperative parathyroid localization in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), and subsequently compare the different protocols and their performance in different patient groups.Materials and methodsWe performed a search of the Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies published between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2016 investigating the diagnostic value of CT for parathyroid localization in patients with biochemical diagnosis of pHPT. Performance of CT was expressed in sensitivity and PPV with pooled proportion using a random-effects model. Factors that could have affected the diagnostic performance were investigated by subgroup analysis.ResultsThirty-four studies evaluating a total of 2563 patients with non-familial pHPT who underwent CT localization and surgical resection were included. Overall pooled sensitivity of CT for localization of the pathological parathyroid(s) to the correct quadrant was 73% (95% CI: 69–78%), which increased to 81% (95% CI: 75–87%) for lateralization to the correct side. Subgroup analysis based on the number of contrast phases showed that adding a second contrast phase raises sensitivity from 71% (95% CI: 61–80%) to 76% (95% CI: 71–87%), and that adding a third phase resulted in a more modest additional increase in performance with a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 74–86%).ConclusionCT performs well in localizing pathological glands in patients with pHPT. A protocol with two contrast phases seems to offer a good balance of acceptable performance with limitation of radiation exposure.