乳腺癌雌孕激素受体与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23基因表达及相关分析

目的观察乳腺癌组织中雌、孕激素受体(ER、PR)与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23基因表达及其相互关系,及乳腺癌淋巴结转移与基因表达关系.方法应用免疫组织化学方法对85例乳腺癌进行了ER、PR、CerbB-2、p53、nm23检测,结果作统计学分析.结果(1)ER、PR阳性表达率分别为63.52%和72.94%;(2)C-erbB-2、p53、nm23的表达率各为68.23%、32.94%、63.52%;(3)ER、PR阳性患者的C-erbB-2或p53的阳性表达明显低于ER、PR阴性患者(P＜0.05);(4)淋巴结有转移的乳腺癌患者nm23阳性表达明显低于无淋巴结转移的患者(P＜0.05),p53表达则在有淋巴结转移者的乳癌中表达高(P＜0.01).结论ER、PR与C-erbB-2、p53、nm23这两种不同特性产物在乳腺癌组织中有一定的内在联系,p53、nm23的阳性表达对判断乳癌的肿瘤转移及预后有重要意义.     

钙化与非钙化乳腺癌临床病理特征的比较

目的:探讨钙化型与非钙化型乳腺癌的临床病理特征差异及钙化并预测ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达的可行性。方法:两种类型乳腺癌术前均行钼靶X线检查明确钙化与非钙化,并对病理类型、淋巴结转移、临床分期、ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达进行比较。结果:两种类型乳腺癌病理类型、临床分期、腋淋巴结转移率无差异,淋巴结转移度非钙化型较钙化型高,有明显差异。ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2阳性表达在钙化型中分别为57.7%、61.5%、64.1%、67.9%,在非钙化型中分别为49.2%、57.6%、64.4%、57.6%,两组比较无明显差异。结论:钙化型与非钙化型乳腺癌病理类型、临床分期,钙化型乳腺癌与ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达无明显相关性,钼靶片钙化表现预测ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达尚有待研究。     

乳腺癌超声征象与雌激素受体、孕激素受体及C-erbB-2表达的相关性分析

目的 探讨乳腺癌超声征象与雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及C-erbB-2表达的相关性.方法 选取的82例乳腺癌患者均接受超声检查,观察肿瘤大小、分级、类型、淋巴结转移及脉管侵犯情况等;免疫组化法检测乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER、PR及C-erbB-2的阳性表达率,并分析不同超声征象与ER、PR及C-erbB-2阳性表达的相关性.结果 82例乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER、PR及C-erbB-2的阳性表达率分别为60.98％、58.54％和48.78％.不同边缘情况、恶性晕环情况、淋巴结转移情况和后方回声衰减情况乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中ER阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).不同边缘情况、淋巴结转移情况乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中PR阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).不同微钙化情况、血流情况、淋巴结转移情况乳腺癌患者乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).肿瘤边缘毛刺征与ER、PR的阳性表达均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),恶性晕环、后方回声衰减与ER的阳性表达均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),肿瘤微钙化、血流丰富与C-erbB-2的阳性表达均呈正相关(P﹤0.05),腋窝淋巴结转移与ER、PR的阳性表达呈负相关(P﹤0.05),与C-erbB-2的阳性表达呈正相关(P﹤0.05).结论 乳腺癌患者超声征象与ER、PR及C-erbB-2阳性表达存在一定的相关性,在预测乳腺癌生物学特性中具有一定指导价值.     

微钙化乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、p53和C—erbB-2表达及相关性研究

目的探讨乳腺癌钼靶片微钙化与ER、PR、p53、C—erbB-2表达及临床病理关系,评价微钙化表现预测ER、PR、p53、C—erbB-2表达的可行性。方法应用免疫组化法,对72例钼靶片表现微钙化乳腺癌组织进行ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2检测,并与各种不同钙化类型进行比较分析。结果ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2阳性表达率分别为62．5％、62．5％、61．1％和69．4％,钙化数目〈20组的ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2阳性表达率高于钙化数目〉20组,PR表达差异有显著性,钙化数目与淋巴结转移无关。钙化类型与ER、PR、p53、C—erbB-2表达及淋巴结转移率不相关。结论钼靶X线微钙化表现是诊断乳腺癌的重要依据,但是通过微钙化表现预测ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达尚有待研究。     

C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF在乳腺癌中的表达及相关性

目的探讨C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与乳腺癌临床病理特征之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测72例乳腺癌组织中C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF表达情况,并结合临床病理特征进行相关性分析。结果乳腺癌患者C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF阳性表达率分别为47.2%、48.6%、56.9%、65.3%。C-erbB-2、p53表达与淋巴结转移、雌激素受体、孕激素受体相关(P<0.05);Ki-67、VEGF与肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05);ER和PR呈正相关(P<0.05);C-erbB2与ER、PR呈负相关(P<0.05);p53与ER和PR呈负相关(P<0.05);p53、Ki-67、VEGF之间均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 C-erbB-2、p53、Ki-67及VEGF检测对判断乳腺癌预后有重要意义。     

雌孕激素受体、p53、C-erbB-2在子宫内膜癌的表达及临床意义

[目的]探讨ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.[方法]采用SP法对32例子宫内膜癌和12例正常增生期子宫内膜标本进行ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2的检测.[结果]正常增生子宫内膜与子宫内膜癌组织中ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2表达阳性率分别为91.67%、83.33%、8.33%、16.67%及46.88%、4063%、53.13%、62.5%,两者比较有明显差异(P＜0.05).子宫内膜癌ER、PR表达在G1与G3之间差异有高度显著性(P＜0.001),G1与G2之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05),但与临床分期无关(P＞0.05);p53、C-erbB-2表达在Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期之间、G1与G3之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]ER、PR、p53、C-erbB-2的异常表达可能在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用,ER和PR的表达可作为内分泌治疗的参考指标.     

MDR、C-erbB-2和ER、PR在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌中多药耐药基因产物P170糖蛋白、癌基因c-erbB-2和雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)的表达情况及临床意义。方法采用S-P免疫组化方法对40例乳腺癌组织进行P170、C-erbB-2和ER、．PR表达的联合检测。结果乳腺癌组织中P170、c-erbB一2和ER、PR阳性表达率分别为32．5％、35%、62．5％、30％。P170的表达与术前化疗史及腋窝淋巴结转移呈正相关，与ER、PR的表达无显著相关性。C-erbB-2表达与与腋窝淋巴结转移呈正相关，与ER、PR的表达呈负相关。ER的表达与组织学分级和腋窝淋巴结转移呈负相关，随着年龄增大表达率有升高趋势。结论P170、C-erbB-2和ER、PR与乳腺癌的发生发展有关。耐药基因P170的检测有利于指导乳腺癌的化疗和判断预后。C-erbB-2可作为判断乳腺癌预后的重要指标。ER、PR测定可判断预后，有利于选择乳腺癌内分泌治疗。     

子宫内膜癌雌、孕激素受体和C-erbB-2检测的临床意义

目的 检测子宫内膜癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及癌基因蛋白C-erbB-2表达的阳性率并探讨其与预后的关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法对32份子宫内膜癌标本进行了ER、PR及C-erbB-2的检测.结果 子宫内膜癌组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2的阳性率分别为53.1%、50.0%、46.9%.ER、PR的阳性表达率与癌组织的细胞分化程度有关,随着子宫内膜癌组织学分级的增高,ER、PR阳性表达率逐渐降低,C-erbB-2的阳性表达率与肿瘤病理分级呈正相关,与ER、PR表达呈负相关.结论 ER、PR、C-erbB-2均反映了子宫内膜癌的生物学行为,其测定对预测预后、指导选择内分泌治疗具有重要意义.     

高频超声与钼靶片对35岁以下女性乳腺癌临床诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨高频超声与钼靶片诊断35岁以下女性乳腺癌的相关临床特征及其意义。方法回顾性分析1999年1月至2006年3月收治的35岁以下女性乳腺癌的高频超声、钼靶片与病理诊断符合率,对诊断乳腺癌的雌孕激素受体状态及C-erbB-2表达进行相关分析。结果35岁以下青年乳腺癌超声诊断与病理诊断符合率为66.7%,钼靶片诊断符合率为68.2%,超声与钼靶片联合诊断符合率为71.1%。在超声、钼靶、联合诊断乳腺癌患者中ER阳性表达率分别为61.5%、61.5%和60.8%,PR阳性表达率分别为59.0%、65.4%和69.6%,C-erbB-2表达率分别为76.5%、87.0%和85.0%。结论超声与钼靶对35岁以下乳腺癌诊断率差异无显著性,联合诊断对提高诊断率意义不大。超声、钼靶诊断率与ER、PR、C-erbB-2阳性表达无显著性相关。     

细针穿刺检测乳腺癌原发灶和转移灶ER、PR及C-erbB-2受体表达差异的意义

目的 探讨细针穿刺检测乳腺癌原发灶和转移灶雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及C-erbB-2受体表达差异的意义.方法用细针穿刺检测60例乳腺癌原发灶和转移灶ER、PR及C-erbB-2受体表达情况,同时对其中28例乳腺癌原发灶ER、PR及CerbB-2受体表达的术后检测结果进行了对照分析.结果28例乳腺癌原发灶的...     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.