B型脑钠肽及全球急性冠状动脉事件注册危险评分与急性冠状动脉综合征患者冠状动脉病变的关系

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血浆B型脑钠肽(BNP)水平及全球急性冠状动脉事件注册(GRACE)危险评分对冠状动脉病变的预测关系。方法 ACS患者317例,其中急性心肌梗死患者68例,不稳定性心绞痛患者249例,所有患者均行冠状动脉造影,测定血浆BNP水平,并进行GRACE危险评分,分析不同组别患者冠状动脉病变的特点、血浆BNP水平及GRACE危险评分与冠状动脉病变的关系。结果 GRACE危险评分低、中、高危患者在冠状动脉病变支数和冠状动脉狭窄程度上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。GRACE危险评分高危组患者血浆BNP水平明显高于中、低危组(P<0.01)。GRACE危险评分与血浆BNP水平呈正相关(r=0.26,P<0.01)。结论 GRACE危险评分和血浆BNP水平对ACS患者冠状动脉病变支数、狭窄程度有一定的预测价值。     

Predictive factors of recurrent angina after acute coronary syndrome： the global registry acute coronary events from China （Sino-GRACE）

Background Many patients with acute coronary syndrome （ACS） develop recurrent angina （RA） during hospitalization. The aim of this non-randomized, prospective study was to investigate the predictive factors of RA in unselected patients with ACS enrolled in the global registry acute coronary events （GRACE） during hospitalization in China.Methods Between March 2001 and October 2004., enrolled were 1433 patients with ACS, including ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （662, 46.2%）, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （239, 16.7%） and unstable angina （532, 37.1%）. The demographic distribution, medical history and clinical data were collected to investigate the predictive factors of RA by Logistic regression. Results During hospitalization 275 （19.2%） patients were documented with RA including unstable angina （53.2%）, non- ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （27.5%）, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction （19.3%）. A comorbidity of dyslipidemia, prior angina, percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） within 6 months was more common in patients with RA, P〈0.05. In the patients with RA, a significantly higher proportion of patients with acute pulmonary edema was observed, 23 （8.4%） versus 43 （3.7%）, P=0.001. Acute renal failure was present in 8 （2.9%） of patients with RA versus 19 （1.6%） of patients without RA, P=0.165. Hemorrhagic events were present in 6 （2.2%） of patients with RA versus 8 （0.7%） of patients without RA, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation events in 12 patients （4.3%） versus 22 patients （1.9%）, congestive heart failure in 69 patients （25.0%） versus 94 patients （8.1%）, myocardial re-infarction in 28 patients （10.1%） versus 15 patients （1.3%）, P〈0.05, respectively. A lower proportion of patients with RA underwent in-hospital PCI 687 （59.3%） versus 114 （41.5%）, P=0.000. A higher proportion of patients with RA received heparin, 260 （94.5%） versus 1035 （89.4%）     

葛根素治疗无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征疗效观察

目的:探讨在抗凝及抗血小板基础上应用葛根素注射液治疗无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的疗效。方法:对于入院确诊为无ST段抬高的ACS患者按随机数字表〔1〕分为两组。对照组为常规抗凝组:低分子肝素钙5 0 0 0IU ,皮下注射,1次/1 2h ,共1周;阿司匹林0 .3g ,口服,1次/d ,1 0d后改为1 0 0mg ,1次/d ,长期服用。治疗组为葛根素组:葛根素30 0mg ,静滴,每日1次,其余治疗同对照组。结果:治疗组在控制症状、减少心脏事件(心绞痛、心肌梗塞、猝死)复发及改善异常心电图方面均优于对照组(P <0 .0 5 )。结论:在抗凝及抗血小板基础上加用葛根素,治疗无ST段抬高的ACS疗效优于常规抗凝治疗     

冠心病风险因素识别及其预测模型构建

目的：利用逻辑回归分析识别冠心病发作的危险因素,使用常见机器学习算法构建冠心病风险预测模型,为冠心病的早期预防与筛查提供理论参考。方法：通过对Kaggle发布的冠心病数据进行预处理和特征筛选后进行逻辑回归分析识别主要危险因素,选用逻辑回归、支持向量机、线性判别分析、决策树和随机森林5种常见机器学习算法进行冠心病发病预测。结果：性别、年龄、平均每日吸烟量、总胆固醇水平、收缩压和血糖水平是10年内冠心病发作的主要危险因素。选用的5种机器学习算法准确率与稳定性良好。与基于统计的线性判别分析相比,决策树与随机森林并未表现出明显的优越性。结论：机器学习技术适用于冠心病发作风险的预测,能够为冠心病的防控提供参考依据。     

白介素-10水平与急性冠脉综合征不良事件发生率的关系

目的 通过对血清抗炎症介质白介素-10(IL-10)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中的测定,探讨其在ACS危险分层的临床意义.方法 病人分为两组:ACS组[sT段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者32例,非ST段抬高型心肌梗死/不稳定型心绞痛(NSTEMVUAP)组患者38例]和对照组[稳定型心绞痛(SAP)患者20例],采用EHSA法分别检测血清IL-10浓度.随访各组于30 d、90 d的后继心血管事件发生率,并对结果进行统计学分析.结果 ①STEMI和UAP/NSTEMI组患者的血清IL-10水平较SAP组明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.01);其中STEMI患者血清IL-10水平较UAP/NSTEMI组无显著性差异(P>0.05);②具有高水平IL-10的患者在随后30 d及90 d的心血管事件发生率明显降低.结论 血清炎症标志物IL-10可能独立预测近期心血管事件危险性,是评估ACS危险分层的有力指标.     

急性冠脉综合症患者心源性猝死的相关因素分析

目的探讨急性冠脉综合症患者心源性猝死的相关因素,为预防-tD源性猝死及提高抢救成功率提供参考依据。方法选择2012年5月～2013年5月解放军72433部队门诊部ACS并发SCD患者100例为研究组及同期住院的非SCD患者100例为对照组。对研究对象行一般资料统计,统计其危险因素分布,针对有统计学意义的相关因素,再采用Logistic回归方法行多因素回归分析。结果两组研究对象的危险因素分布结果显示,左室射血分数（EF）〈30．00％、脑钠肽（BNP）〉30000U／L、持续性高血压、持续性心律失常、情绪刺激、过度劳累在两组中分布比较．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组患者相关因素多因素逐步回归分析结果显示,在其他条件等同的情况下,低EF值、持续性心律失常、持续性高血压、过度劳累、情绪刺激等对患者有影响（均P〈0．05）,尤其是低EF值（OR=9．07,P〈0．01）、持续性心律失常（OR=6．12,P〈0．01）对患者的影响更为显著。结论针对相关危险因素,早期预防至关重要,应给予及时、有效的相应的护理干预,降低死亡率。     

Nonvalidation of reported genetic risk factors for acute coronary syndrome in a large-scale replication study

Context  Given the numerous, yet inconsistent, reports of genetic variants being associated with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), there is a need for comprehensive validation of ACS susceptibility genotypes. Objective  To perform an extensive validation of putative genetic risk factors for ACS. Design, Setting, and Participants  Through a systematic literature search of articles published before March 10, 2005, we identified genetic variants previously reported as significant susceptibility factors for atherosclerosis or ACS. Restricting our analysis to white patients to reduce confounding from racial admixture, we identifed 811 patients who presented from March 2001 through June 2003 with ACS at 2 Kansas City, Mo, university-affiliated hospitals. During 2005-2006, we genotyped the 811 patients along with 650 age- and sex-matched controls for 85 variants in 70 genes and attempted to replicate previously reported associations. We further explored possible associations without prior assumption of specific risk models and used the Sign test to search for weak associations. Main Outcome Measures  Compare each prespecified gene variant associated with ACS risk among cases and controls. A surplus of associations would imply that some are associated with ACS. Results  Of 85 variants tested, only 1 putative risk genotype (–455 promoter variant in -fibrinogen) was nominally statistically significant (P = .03). Only 4 additional genes were positive in model-free analysis. Neither number of associations was more frequent than expected by chance, given the number of comparisons. Finally, only 41 of 84 predefined risk variants were even marginally more frequent in cases than in controls (with 1 tie), representing a 48.8% "win rate" (95% confidence interval, 38.1%-59.5%) for the collective risk genotypes (P = .91, Sign test). Conclusions  Our null results provide no support for the hypothesis that any of the 85 genetic variants tested is a susceptibility factor for ACS. These results emphasize the need for robust replication of putative genetic risk factors before their introduction into clinical care.      

Clinical presentation and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes in the gulf registry of acute coronary events (Gulf RACE)

OBJECTIVE: To identify the characteristics, treatments and hospital outcomes for patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the Gulf area. METHODS: Prospective, multinational, multicentre, observational survey of consecutive ACS patients who were admitted to 65 hospitals during May 2006. RESULTS: A total of 1484 ACS patients were recruited. The mean age was 55 years, and 76% were men. The final discharge diagnosis was ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 37%, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in 32%, left bundle branch block myocardial infarction (LBBB MI) in 2%, and unstable angina in 29%. Among patients with STEMI and LBBB MI, the reperfusion rate was 65%, with use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in 7% and thrombolytic therapy in 93%. When thrombolytic therapy was used, the median door to needle time was 45 minutes, with 37% receiving it within 30 minutes of hospital presentation. During the first day of hospitalization, aspirin was administered to 94%, clopidogrel to 51%, and beta blockers to 65%. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotensin receptor blockers and statins were used in 62% and 82%, respectively. Coronary angiography during hospitalization was performed in 21%. In-hospital mortality was 3%. CONCLUSION: We were able to determine the characteristics, treatments and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with ACS in our region. There is room for improvement in using medications, reducing needle to door time and utilizing more cardiac catheterization services.     

急性冠脉综合征病人生活质量的多因素分析

目的 探讨影响急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人生活质量(QOL)的危险因素,从而为早期识别QOL较差的高危病人提供理论依据.方法 对403例ACS病人进行QOL测评,同时进行焦虑抑郁情绪测量及其他可能相关因素的收集.以QOL为因变量进行多重线性回归分析.结果 心肌梗死172例(42.6%),不稳定性心绞痛74例(57.3%).其中84例(20.8%)有焦虑情绪,43例(10.7%)有抑郁情绪,144例(35.7%)同时有焦虑和抑郁情绪.年龄(r=-0.237,P＜0.001),女性(r=-0.183,P＜0.001),焦虑情绪(r=-0.211,P＜0.001),抑郁情绪(r=-0.180,P＜0.001)与躯体健康呈独立负相关.年龄(r=-0.117,P=0.01)、焦虑情绪(r=-0.215,P＜0.001)、抑郁情绪(r=-0.169,P=0.004)与精神健康呈独立负相关,吸烟(r=0.157,P=0.001)与精神健康呈独立正相关.结论 高龄、女性、焦虑和/或抑郁情绪为ACS病人QOL差的危险因素.     

脂蛋白磷脂酶A2和髓过氧化物酶与超敏C反应蛋白及全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分的相关性

目的 探讨不同类型冠心病患者外周血脂蛋白磷脂酶A2和髓过氧化物酶水平的变化,及与超敏C反应蛋白和全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分的相关性.方法 选择行冠状动脉造影术的住院患者150例,其中无症状心肌缺血(SMI)组28例,稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组59例,急性冠脉综合征(ACS)组63例,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)测定血清脂蛋白磷脂酶A2、髓过氧化物酶水平,乳胶免疫比浊法测定超敏C反应蛋白水平,并计算患者全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分,分析脂蛋白磷脂酶A2和髓过氧化物酶与超敏C反应蛋白、全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分危险分层的关系.结果 急性冠脉综合征组外周血血清脂蛋白磷脂酶A2、髓过氧化物酶和超敏C反应蛋白均高于稳定型心绞痛组和无症状心肌缺血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);稳定型心绞痛组外周血血清脂蛋白磷脂酶A2、髓过氧化物酶和超敏C反应蛋白水平与无症状心肌缺血组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);血清脂蛋白磷脂酶A2与髓过氧化物酶、超敏C反应蛋白均呈正相关(r=0.793,P<0.05;r=0.769,P<0.05),髓过氧化物酶水平与超敏C反应蛋白也呈正相关(r=0.743,P<0.05);而血清脂蛋白磷脂酶A2、髓过氧化物酶和超敏C反应蛋白水平与患者全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分均无相关性.结论 联合检测血清脂蛋白磷脂酶A2、髓过氧化物酶和超敏C反应蛋白水平或联合全球急性冠状动脉事件注册评分可能有助于进一步有效评估冠心病危险分层,对冠心病的及时干预和治疗可能有重要意义.     

急性冠状动脉综合征42例治疗体会

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的组成及其合理治疗.方法:回顾性分析42例ACS的临床类型及治疗情况.结果:不稳定型心绞痛25例(59.52%),急性心肌梗死15例(35.71%),心脏性猝死2例(4.76%).经治疗后显效31例(73.81%),有效9例(21.43%),无效2例(4.76%).结论:ACS的治疗应重视尽早迅速控制心肌缺血,稳定斑块,减少病死率.     

N-端脑利钠肽前体测定对急性冠脉综合征早期诊断及危险分层的临床意义

目的:分析急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者N-端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与肌钙蛋白(cTnI)的相关性,探讨NT-proBNP对ACS早期诊断及危险分层的临床意义。方法:采用免疫定量分析仪及配套试剂测定ACS患者血浆NT-proBNP与cTnI,比较ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)组、非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)组不稳定型心绞痛(UA)组及正常对照组NT-proBNP浓度的变化,分析NT-proBNP与cTnI的相关性。结果:血浆NT-proBNP浓度STEMI、NSTEMI组高于UA组,UA组高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按冠状动脉病变分组,NT-proBNP浓度3支病变组高于1支病变组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ACS患者cTnI浓度与NT-proBNP浓度呈正相关。结论:NT-proBNP水平测定可用于ACS患者的早期诊断及危险分层,对临床制定治疗干预策略可能有一定参考价值。     

国产替罗非班治疗高危急性冠脉综合征的临床观察

目的观察国产替罗非班在急性冠脉综合征高危组药物治疗中的临床效果。方法符合不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死危险度分层高危组的患者180例,根据是否应用替罗非班分为治疗纽（90例）和对照组（90例）。观察2组住院期间及出院后共30d内发生的心血管事件（MACE）,包括心血管性死亡,新出现的心肌梗死、脑卒中、顽固缺血状态伴ST-T改变,出血并发症及血小板减少情况。结果与对照组相比,治疗组30d内所观察MACE发生率有所降低（7．78％,26．67％,P〈0．05）。两组严重出血发生率差异无统计学意义。治疗组轻度出血比对照组有所增加,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论国产替罗非班在高危ACS治疗中可减少30d内MACE,出血事件无明显增加。     

模糊综合评判方法在冠心病猝死风险预测中的应用

目的：探讨模糊综合评判方法应用于冠心病猝死风险预测的可行性。方法：建立冠心病猝死相关因素的两级指标体系,确定指标权重和隶属函数,应用模糊综合评判方法构建冠心病猝死风险预测的二级模糊决策模型。结果：成功应用模糊综合评判方法创建基于模糊决策的冠心病猝死风险预测软件。结论：应用模糊综合评判方法可以建立冠心病猝死风险预测软件,软件的推广使用能弥补基层单位医师临床经验的不足,使高危患者及时接受早期干预治疗,大大降低冠心病猝死的发生率和死亡率。