谷胱甘肽转移酶M1基因多态与胃癌易感性关系的Meta分析

[目的]探讨谷胱甘肽转移酶M1(GSTM1)基因多态性与胃癌易感性关系。[方法]检索并筛检1996￣2007年间GSTM1基因多态性与胃癌易感性关系相关的文献,利用RevMan4.28和SAS9.1.3软件包对各研究结果进行异质性分析,选择适当的分析模型进行定量合并估计其效应,同时进行稳定性的分析和发表偏倚的估计。[结果]共纳入28篇文献3776例胃癌病例和7772例对照;Meta分析结果显示,携带GSTM1空白基因型者胃癌的发病风险是非携带者的1.26倍(95%CI:1.11￣1.43),按不同人群分层分析显示亚洲人群特别是中国人群GSTM1基因多态性与胃癌的发病风险显著相关(亚洲:OR=1.39,95%CI:1.20￣1.60;中国:OR=1.58,95%CI:1.35￣1.85),而在高加索人群中则无明显关联(OR=1.01,95%CI:0.83￣1.22)。敏感性分析显示该结果较为稳定,但存在显著性发表偏倚。[结论]GSTM1空白基因型是亚洲人群,特别是中国人群胃癌发病的危险因素。     

CAV-1基因多态性与散发乳腺癌易感性的相关性分析

[目的]探讨CAV-1基因多态性与散发乳腺癌的相关性。[方法]采用病例对照研究,纳入经病理确诊的135例女性乳腺癌患者作为实验组,166例女性健康体检者为对照组。通过竞争性等位基因特异性PCR法对研究对象基因位点进行分型;采用χ2检验比较CAV-1各SNP基因型及等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异;非条件Logistic回归分析CAV-1基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关联。[结果]在共显性模型、显性模型及等位基因模型下rs3807987及rs7804372位点多态性与乳腺癌易感性密切相关。rs3807987:相对于GG基因型,AG、AA基因携带者(AG/AA基因型)均增加乳腺癌的发病风险(P<0.05),OR值分别为2.110(95%CI:1.270~3.505)、1.968(95%CI:1.205~3.216)。rs7804372位点:相对于TT基因型,AT、AA基因携带者(AT/AA基因型)均增加乳腺癌的发病风险(P<0.05),OR值分别为2.088(95%CI:1.285~3.392)、2.059(95%CI:1.293~3.280)。rs12672038位点:在共显性模型、显性模型、等位基因模型均未见rs12672038位点多态性分布与乳腺癌发病风险之间存在相关性。[结论]CAV-1基因rs3807987与rs7804372多态性与乳腺癌易感性相关。     

IL-8基因多态性与中国人群乳腺癌关系的研究

[目的]研究IL-8（Intedeukin-8）基因-251、IL-8RA＋860位点基因多态性与乳腺癌发生的关系。[方法]用PCR-RFLP分析方法检测647名健康对照人群和426例乳腺癌患者的IL8基因多态性。用Logistic回归模型计算各种基因型的乳腺癌风险（OR）及其95％可信区间。[结果]乳腺癌患者的IL-8-251AA基因型携带者患乳腺癌的风险比IL8-251TT基因型降低了16％（0R=0．84，95％CI=0．58～1．23），而携带IL-8RA＋860GC／CC基因型可以增加乳腺癌发病风险28％（OR=1．28，95％CI=0．91-1．78），但两者联系均未达到统计学显著性水平。[结论]IL-8-251和IL-8RA＋860位点等位基因多态性可能与我国女性人群乳腺癌的发生存在一定的联系。值得进一步研究。     

AR基因外显子1的CAG重复多态性与乳腺癌发生的关系

目的探讨AR(雄激素受体)基因外显子1的CAG重复多态性与乳腺癌发生的关系。方法研究对象为50例乳腺癌患者和50例健康者,从外周血淋巴细胞中提取基因组DNA,对AR基因外显子1的编码序列进行PCR扩增,扩增产物进行DNA序列测定,计算CAG重复频率。Wilcoxon rank test比较病例组和对照组的[CAG]n分布,采用多因素log回归分析[CAG]n对乳腺癌发病风险的影响。结果病例组[CAG]n为15～26,对照组为16～26;两组重复频率分布有差异(P=0.015),[CAG]n≥24时乳腺癌发病风险为[CAG]n≤20的5.6倍(P=0.04,OR=5.6)。结论 AR基因外显子1的CAG重复频率对乳腺癌风险发病有影响,长[CAG]n可增大乳腺癌发病风险。     

MAP3K1及LSP1基因单核苷酸多态与中国北方汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌风险相关性

目的:探讨MAP3K1及LSP1基因单核苷酸多态与中国北方汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌风险的关系。方法:采用多重单碱基延伸单核苷酸多态性分型技术(Snapshot)分析方法,检测280例绝经前乳腺癌患者和287例绝经前正常对照者MAP3K1基因rs889312和LSP1基因rs3817198多态性位点基因型,并比较不同基因型与乳腺癌风险的关系。结果:MAP3K1基因rs889312和LSP1基因rs3817198多态性位点基因型频率在乳腺癌和对照样本之间未存在显著差异(P=0.937、P=0.323)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于MAP3K1的rs889312位点,与AA携带者相比,AC携带者、CC携带者和AC+CC基因型携带者与乳腺癌的患病危险无关(OR=0.814,95%CI=0.537-1.236,P=0.335;OR=0.999,95%CI=0.627-1.594,P=0.998;OR=0.876,95%CI=0.591-1.298,P=0.509);对于LSP1的rs3817198位点,与TT携带者相比,CT携带者、CC携带者和CT+CC基因型携带者与乳腺癌的患病危险无关(OR=0.832,95%CI=0.565-1.223,P=0.349;OR=0.651,95%CI=0.108-3.936,P=0.640;OR=0.839,95%CI=0.573-1.229,P=0.369)。结论:上述两个基因MAP3K1和LSP1位点多态性与中国北方汉族绝经前妇女乳腺癌易感性之间无明显相关性。     

细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)基因多态性与胃癌易感性的Meta分析

[目的]探讨细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)基因多态性与胃癌易感性的关系。[方法]检索PubMed和CNKI数据库中有关CYP2E1基因多态性与胃癌易感性关联研究的文献,对入选文献以OR为效应指标,应用RevMan4.28软件包进行Meta分析。[结果]纳入11篇文献,共1352例胃癌病例和1866例对照;Meta分析结果显示,合并OR值为0.73(95%CI=0.60￣0.91),按人群分层后,中国人群合并OR值为0.54(95%CI=0.31￣0.94),其他人群合并OR值为0.83(95%CI=0.69￣1.01)。[结论]CYP2E1突变基因型(c1c2或c2c2)是胃癌的保护因素,但这一结果有待进一步严格设计的大样本病例对照或前瞻性研究予以验证。     

NQO1基因多态性与食管癌易感性的病例对照研究

[目的]研究NQO1基因多态性与食管癌易感性的关系。[方法]采用1：2配对的病例对照研究，运用PCR-RFLP技术检测N901基因C609T多态性。[结果]NQO1 609CC、CT和TT各基因型在病例组中的频度分别为27．1％、43．7％和29．2％，在对照组分别为32．8％、50．0％和17．2％，两组间的分布：差异有统计学意义。携带NQO1 609TT基因型的个体患食管癌的风险高于携带609CC或609CT基因型者（OR=2．019，95％CI=1．112～3．663）。吃葱蒜与NQO1基因型TT之间存在次相乘模型的交互作用（OR=9．849，95％CI=3．733～25．985）；饮烫茶与NQO1 TT危险基因型之间存在次相乘模型的交互作用（OR=4．847，95％CI=1．817～12．929）。[结论]NQO1 609TT基因型是食管癌的危险因素之一；609TT基因型食管癌发生风险的作用有明显的放大效应。     

CYP1A1*2A基因多态性与宁夏汉族乳腺癌遗传易感性研究

[目的]分析宁夏汉族CYP1A1＊2A基因多态性与乳腺癌遗传易感性的关系。[方法]应用聚合酶链反应—限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）技术分别对144例乳腺癌患者和154例对照的CYP1A1＊2A基因多态性进行测定,分析两组基因型及等位基因频率的分布特点。[结果]CYP1A1＊2A等位基因T、C在乳腺癌组和对照组分布的差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,其中等位基因C的乳腺癌发病风险比值比（OR）为1.34（95%CI：0.97～1.86）。CYP1A1＊2A各基因型分布两组间差异也无显著性（P〉0.05）,杂合子突变TC、纯合子突变CC分别与野生型TT相比,乳腺癌发病风险OR分别为1.32（95%CI：0.80～2.18）和1.86（95%CI：0.92～3.78）。[结论]CYP1A1＊2A基因多态性其突变纯合子和杂合子有增加乳腺癌风险的趋势,但未达到显著水平。CYP1A1＊2A基因多态性可能与宁夏汉族人群乳腺癌的发病有关系。     

硫酸基转移酶1E1基因单核苷酸多态性联合吸烟与肺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究硫酸基转移酶(sulfotransferase,SULT)1E1基因的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)联合吸烟与肺癌易感性的关系.方法:采用病例-对照研究,收集原发性肺癌患者351例和非肿瘤患者207例,应用AllGloTM探针结合实时荧光PCR方法分析肺癌组和对照组中SLUT1E1多态位点A-3037G(rs4149525)基因型分布情况,比较不同基因型联合吸烟与肺癌易感性的关系,以及对肺癌不同病理类型的影响. 结果:肺癌患者A-3037G多态位点的AA、AG、GG基因型和A、G等位基因频率分布与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).吸烟≥30包年的野生型纯合子个体罹患肺癌的风险增加,调整比值比(odds ratio,OR)为2.307[95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)为1.285～3.976,P<0.05];吸烟≥30包年携带突变等位基因G的个体患肺癌的风险可能增加,调整OR值为1.523(95%CI为0.987～2.961,P=0.05).3种基因型联合吸烟(≥30包年)可能增加了罹患肺鳞癌的风险,AA和AG+GG基因型的OR值分别为5.983(95%CI为2.786～12.850,P<0.01)和2.750(95%CI为1.245～6.075,P<0.05);而突变等位基因G对不吸烟个体似乎具有保护作用,OR值为0.296(95%CI为0.101～0.864,P<0.05);A-3037G多态性联合吸烟对肺腺癌的发病风险没有显著影响.结论:SULT1E1基因启动子区A-3037G多态性联合吸烟可能对肺癌的发病风险有一定影响.     

TRAIL-DR4启动子区基因多态性与肺癌易感性的相关性研究

[目的]初步探讨TRAIL死亡受体4（DR4）基因多态性与肺癌易感性的关系。[方法]采用PCR-RFLP技术,对92例肺癌患者和92例健康对照者的DR4基因启动子区的-972C/T和-397G/T多态性位点基因型进行检测。以非条件Logistic回归校正混杂因素进行相关性分析。[结果]TRAIL-DR4基因-972C/T位点多态性与肺癌易感性无明显相关性;在吸烟≥20年的人群中含有-397G/T位点T等位基因（GT＋TT）比GG纯合基因型的肺癌发病风险增加（OR=3.462,95%CI：1.222～9.811,P=0.019）。[结论]DR4基因多态性与肺癌的易感性间存在一定的关系。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。