Two cases of the nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder

Nephrogenic adenoma is a relatively rare, benign tumor of the urinary tract. We experienced two cases of nephrogenic adenoma originating in the bladder. The first patient was a 61-year-old man. Two papillary tumors were found on the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) was performed. The second patient was a 72-year-old man who had a history of TUR-Bt for the bladder tumor and a history of left nephroureterectomy for left ureteral tumor. Cystoscopy showed a papillary tumor on the top of the bladder wall and TUR-Bt was performed. In both cases, the histopathological diagnosis was the nephrogenic adenoma. Our cases are the 40th and 41st cases of the nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder reported in the Japanese literature.     

Invasive bladder cancer recurrenced 5 years after complete response status by chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report

A 72-year-old man had undergone trasucethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) three times from 1990 to 1991 and he had been lost to follow with no recurrence from 1996, came to our hospital complaining of asymptomatic macrohematuria in May 1999. A bladder tumor existed around the right ureteral orifice with right hydronephrosis. MRI and TUR-Bt revealed that the cancer was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) > small cell carcinoma, G3, pT3b. Because the patient insisted on bladder preservation, intra arterial chemotherapy with cisplatinum (CDDP) and epirubicin (EPI-adr) followed by radiotherapy with CDDP was performed. The treatment resulted in a clinical complete response (CR), and the bladder was preserved. In January 2004, an invasive bladder cancer recurred at the left lateral wall. This time, neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy with CDDP and EPI-adr, followed by radical cystectomy was performed. Histologically, the recurrent bladder cancer was TCC, G3, pT3b.     

A case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder with brain metastasis: a case report

A 69-year-old female visited our hospital with a chief complaint of macroscopic hematuria. A non-papillary broad-based tumor was found by cystoscopy. Excretory urography and computerized tomography revealed a large invasive tumor in the left wall of the urinary bladder. The histopathological diagnosis of bladder tumor obtained by transuretheral resection (TUR-Bt) was a sarcomatoid carcinoma composed of a urothelial cell carcinoma. One month after TUR-Bt, abdominal wall metastases were found. Thus total 50Gy of irradiation therapy was performed. However brain metastasis was also found and she died 3 months after TUR-Bt.     

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the kidney

Leiomyosarcoma of the left kidney seen in a 58-year-old man is reported. On April 10, 1982, he complained of left flank pain. He visited our hospital and left solitary renal cyst was suspected. He had been treated as an outpatient, but left flank pain became exacervated. On May 18, he was admitted to our hospital. On June 7, radical nephrectomy was done under the diagnosis of left renal cell carcinoma. At operation, the tumor invased directory to the psoas muscle and abdominal wall, and could not be completely resected. Pathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid change. On July 1, he was discharged from the hospital. In December, left flank distention appeared and back pain became exacervated. On February 8, 1983, he was readmitted to our hospital. Low density area was found in left psoas muscle by CT scanning and recurrence of renal cell carcinoma was suspected. alpha-Interferon therapy had been done, but tumor increased remarkably and caused ileus. He died on June 14, 1983. The autopsy revealed a child head-sized cystic tumor in the upper retroperitoneal space, a 5 X 5 X 5 cm metastasis of the left lobe of the liver, a 3 X 3 X 4 cm tumor to the left upper lobe with cavity formation and direct invasion into the spleen, diaphragma and gastric serosa. These metastatic lesions were leiomyosarcoma. Retrospectively, the primary tumor of kidney revealed primary leiomyosarcoma of kidney.     

Nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder: two case reports and literature review

In the two cases we report here, tumors were diagnosed as nephrogenic adenoma by pathohistological examination. Case 1 was a 72-year-old female presenting with a bladder tumor 8 months after receiving ureteral tumor surgery. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) was performed. Case 2 was a 57-year-old female who had received intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment 6 times after her fifth TUR-Bt. Two tumors were found by cystoscopy, and TUR-Bt was performed. There have been 39 cases of nephrogenic adenoma of the bladder reported in Japan; 21 were male and 18 female with a mean age of 56.5 years. The main complaint was hematuria, which was seen in 16 cases followed by pollakisuria in 6 cases. Nephrogenic adenoma occurred after surgery of the urinary tract in 16 cases, followed by urinary tract infection in 9 cases and intravesical BCG treatment in 6 cases. The ratio of cases occurring after intravesical BCG treatment has increased since BCG approval for bladder carcinoma treatment in December 1996 in Japan, and an increase in the number of cases is expected in the future.     

A case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the urinary bladder that was difficult to differentiate from sarcoma

On September 25th, 2003, a 39-year-old man complained of asymptomatic gross hematuria. He was admitted to a nearby hospital and evaluated. Cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary broad base tumor in the anterior wall of the bladder. On October 2nd, a TUR-Bt was performed. The pathological diagnosis was difficult to determine because mitosis and nuclear pleomorphism were apparent. He next came to our hospital for further evaluation. We diagnosed his condition as an inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder because fibroblasts and inflammatory cells had increased; however, we did not see abnormal nuclear mitosis or severe pleomorphism. Although we did not perform a complete TUR-Bt, the mass regressed spontaneously and did not reoccur. The presence of mitosis and mild nuclear pleomorphisms make certain cases difficult to diagnose as inflammatory pseudotumors. Inflammatory pseudotumors are generally considered benign, and some cases regress spontaneously. It is important that we are able to identify and characterize these pseudotumors in order to avoid more invasive surgeries whenever possible.     

A case of urothelial tumors which occurred simultaneously in bilateral upper urinary tracts and bladder presenting with anuria]

A 72-year-old male was admitted with a chief complaint of anuria. Clinical examinations showed that he was in uremic state and had bilateral hydronephroses. An endoscopic examination revealed a left ureteral tumor and a bladder tumor. Left nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor were performed. Pathological examinations showed an invasive left renal pelvic tumor (pT3, G3), an invasive left ureteral tumor (pT4, G3), and a bladder tumor (pTis, G3). Following the operation, roentgenological and urinary cytological findings showed a right ureteral carcinoma. He died of multiple liver and bone metastases and local recurrence at 5 months postoperatively.     

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a case report]

We report a case of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A 60-year-old man with microscopic hematuria was referred to our hospital. Cystoscopy revealed a sessile tumor on the left lateral wall of the urinary bladder. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt). Because of muscle invasion (pT2), total cystectomy was recommended, but was not performed because the patient would not give consent for the operation. Six months after TUR-Bt, invasive bladder tumor recurred and total cystectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the operative specimen revealed small cell carcinoma. Adjuvant combined therapy of irradiation and chemotherapy (nedaplatin and etoposide) was ineffective. Metastases to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lung and liver were detected soon after the adjuvant therapy. The patient died 15 months after his first visit to our hospital.     

Urothelial carcinoma (clear cell variant) diagnosed with useful immunohistochemistry stain

The case is reported of urothelial carcinoma (clear cell variant) that was diagnosed with useful immunohistochemistry stain. A 70-year-old man, who had undergone left radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in August 2003 and partial lobectomy for pulmonary metastasis in May 2005, complained of hematuria in June 2005. On evaluation, a papillary pedunculated tumor was detected in the left wall of the urinary bladder. A transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) was performed in July 2005. The pathological diagnosis was difficult due to diffuse clear cell appearance. Immunohistochemistry stain showed urothelial carcinoma, not metastasis of the renal cell carcinoma. Finally it was diagnosed as urothelial carcinoma clear cell variant. Urothelial carcinoma has many variants that show a variety of appearances and characteristics. These should be well known before medical therapy is initiated.     

The meningioma within the lateral ventricle in infancy--a case report

Meningiomas within the lateral ventricle in infancy are extremely rare. The authors report such a case because of its rarity. The presented case is a 23-month-old boy, who had gait disturbance as an initial symptom. At the beginning of May, 1985, his mother found his limping, therefore he admitted to our hospital on May 23. On his admission, clinical features were the left mild hemiparesis, the hyperreflexia of left extremities, and the papilloedema on the both sides. A CT scan revealed a homogeneously enhanced mass at the right trigon. Cerebral angiography showed enlargement and displacement of the left anterior and posterior choroidal arteries. On May 27, an operation was performed with the temporal approach, and the tumor was totally removed. A histological diagnosis is confirmed a fibroblastic meningioma. The postoperative course was uneventful and he was made an almost complete recovery. Intracranial meningiomas in children put the incidence 0.4-2.2% of all primary intracranial tumors. Besides, intraventricular meningiomas in infant younger the age of two years are only five cases (including our case) have been reported in the literature. The three cases of them were reported vaguely, and the other one was an angioblastic meningioma. Therefore, we think that our case is very extremely rare one. Meningiomas of the ventricles are generally become large before symptoms appear. The point agrees with our case, but which had a specific initial complaint of gait disturbance, we think. CT scan and angiography are quite useful for the diagnosis of intraventricular meningiomas. Early diagnosis and surgical removal permits better results.     

Primary localized amiloidosis with recurrent relapse: a case report]

This is a case report of primary localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 73-year-old woman who had relapse of this disease three times. Primary localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder is an especially rare disease and the prognosis is excellent in most cases. We performed transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) each time and we are following up this patient carefully. After the last TUR-Bt, she has had no recurrence for 7 months. Considering multifocal recurrence and excellent prognosis, we stress the importance of TUR-Bt for diagnosis and careful follow up.     

Case of tuberculous epididymitis caused by intravesical BCG therapy

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is commonly used against superficial urothelial carcinoma, especially carcinoma in situ (CIS). We report a case of tuberculous epididymitis that occurred during a course of intravesical BCG therapy. A 76-year-old man had received intravesical BCG therapy for multiple superficial bladder cancer and CIS in prostatic urethra after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt). He recognized hard nodules in the left scrotum after 4 times intravesical BCG therapy. Skin fistula in scrotum occurred 5 months later. We performed left orchiectomy with scrotum skin resection. Histological diagnosis was tuberculous epididymitis. Postoperatively, he was administered chemotherapy consisting of isoniazid, refampin and ethambutol.     

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus--a case report

An unusual case of primary esophageal melanoma is reported herein. A 68 year old man who had experienced occasional dysphagia for about one month without suffering any weight loss was admitted to our department. An esophagogram revealed two lobulated masses and esophagoscopy showed a pigmented tumor in one of the masses. Curative surgery was thus performed through a right thoracotomy. The macroscopic appearance of the resected specimen was very unusual and it was subsequently proven to be primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus by histological examination. Postoperatively, cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2 were administered intravenously, followed by lymphokine-activated killer therapy. However, multiple liver metastases were found on a CT scan, 3 months after the operation and he died about 1 month later. The operative indications for primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus are discussed in this report.     

A case of synchronous ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma]

A case of synchronous ipsilateral renal cell carcinoma with renal pelvic and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma is reported. A 80-year-old man, who had had transurethral resection of bladder tumor three times, was admitted on August, 1989 for recurrence of bladder tumor. Excretory pyelography revealed a filling defect of left renal pelvis. Findings of retrograde pyelography and computed tomography were in accord with those of the excretory urograms. Under a diagnosis of the left renal pelvic and ureteral tumor associated with the bladder tumor, left nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was performed. Pathological diagnosis was renal pelvic and ureteral transitional cell carcinoma with renal cell carcinoma, which existed incidentally in the same kidney. Double unrelated primary carcinoma in urinary tract, especially, double dissimilar primary carcinoma in the same kidney, is rare. To our knowledge, this case is the 20th double cancer in upper urinary tract reported in Japan.     

Metastatic small intestinal tumor associated with transitional cell carcinoma: a report of 2 cases and review of cases in Japan

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver, lungs and bone. However, metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract is rare. We report two cases of bladder tumor which metastasized to the ileum. According to the literature, these are the 7th and 8th cases in Japan. Case 1: A 87-year-old man had a history of bladder tumor (TCC, grade 3, pT2bN0M0) and has transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) three times. Two months after the last TUR-BT, he was admitted with ileus. As computed tomography (CT) showed abdominal free air, our diagnosis was perforation of gastrointestinal tract. The patient received an operation which resected partial ileum. We found the elastic hard tumor in the ileum on the perforated lesion, which showed metastatic TCC in the ileum pathologicaly. Case 2 : A 53-year-old man visited our hospital with gross hematuria. Cystoscopy showed a non-papillary broad based tumor in the right wall of the bladder. CT showed a bladder tumor invaded into the prostate (pT4aN1M0), we performed total cyctectomy and ileal conduit after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. During the operation, we found the tumor (2 cm in diameter) in the small intestine which was metastasized of bladder tumor.     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切变性术的疗效

目的评估经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切变性术(TURD-Bt)的疗效和安全性。方法采用TURD-Bt治疗56例膀胱肿瘤,与32例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TUR-Bt)进行对照研究。有和无肿瘤进展因素患者分别比较。结果随访时间TURD-Bt组(48.55±23.74)月,对照组(56.28±17.61)月。无肿瘤进展因素患者,TURD-Bt组无肿瘤复发,14例均生存;对照组3例(37.50%)复发,5例(62.5%)生存。有肿瘤进展因素患者,TURD-Bt组8例(19.05%)肿瘤复发,32例(76.19%)生存,肿瘤死亡3例(7.14%);TUR-Bt组18例(75.00%)复发(P0.05),12例(50.00%)生存(P0.01),8例(33.33%)肿瘤死亡(P0.05)。TURD-Bt组无特殊并发症发生。结论 TURD-Bt术可彻底切除和凝固变性膀胱肿瘤,疗效显著提高。手术安全可靠,操作过程预期可控制。对没有淋巴和远处转移的膀胱肿瘤,TURD-Bt可替代根治性TUR-Bt,保留膀胱。     

A case of jugular foramen meningioma in a child

The common tumors originating in the jugular foramen are chemodectoma and schwannoma. Jugular foramen meningioma is extremely rare. Review of the literature revealed only seven reported cases of this tumor. The authors present a child case of jugular foramen meningioma with intra and extracranial extension. A 9-year-old boy was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine on March 20, 1985. Since the age of 3, the patient had hoarseness and was found to tilt his neck when he shouted. Since the age of 6, he was found to nod when he swallowed. At the age of 8, he developed swallowing difficulties. On admission, his general condition was unremarkable except for his lean build (126 cm in height and 23 kg in weight). An elastic hard and immobile mass was palpable in the left upper neck deep in the atrophic sternocleidomastoid muscle. Neurological examination revealed involvement of the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial nerves. A plain skull roentgenogram and laminogram revealed hyperostosis around the left jugular foramen, and narrowing of the canal. CT with contrast enhancement revealed a high density mass in the left cerebellopontine angle extending through the jugular foramen to the left parapharyngeal space. Cerebral angiography did not show any abnormal findings except for complete blockage of the left sigmoid sinus. On April 4, 1985, subtotal removal of the intracranial tumor was performed using suboccipital craniotomy. Then, on July 3, 1985, the left parapharyngeal tumor was excised through a cervicofacial incision. Finally the residual tumor in the jugular foramen was excised using suboccipital approach on August 18, 1986.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后膀胱黏膜下注射抗肿瘤药物防治肿瘤复发

目的　探讨预防浅表性膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术 (TUR Bt)术后复发的新方法。方法　初发浅表性膀胱肿瘤TUR Bt术后膀胱黏膜下注射抗肿瘤药物 (比柔吡星 )患者 6 8例 (注射组 ) ,其中肿瘤单发 4 4例、多发 2 4例 ;以TUR Bt术后膀胱内灌注化疗药物的 74例患者作为对照 (灌注组 ) ,其中肿瘤单发 4 9例、多发 2 5例。根据随访结果对两种方法预防肿瘤复发的疗效进行评价。结果　注射组平均随访 38个月 ,对照组平均随访 35个月。注射组随访期内有 8例复发 (11 8% ) ,灌注组随访期内有 2 2例复发 (2 9 7% ) ,两组复发率相比 ,差异有非常显著意义 (χ2 =0 0 13,P <0 0 1) ;注射组和灌注组中 ,肿瘤单发与多发之间复发率相比 ,差异无显著意义 (χ2 =0 719,P >0 0 5 )。结论浅表性膀胱癌TUR Bt术后单次黏膜下注射抗肿瘤药物 ,操作简单、安全有效、副作用少、费用低 ,是治疗膀胱浅表肿瘤的一种实用方法 ,可有效地预防膀胱肿瘤术后复发。     

A case of multiple urothelial tumors with chronic renal failure

We report a case of multiple urothelial tumors (left renal pelvis, ureter and bladder) with chronic renal failure in a 72-year-old man. The patient was admitted because of gross hematuria with increasing volume and intervals on September 14, 1985. Admission evaluation including excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, computed tomography and cystoscopy revealed multiple urothelial tumors in the left renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. Radical surgery, however, was postponed because of pneumothorax induced by an inadvertent insertion of the CVP catheter at operation. Subsequent respiratory disturbance persisted so that he was observed at the outpatient clinic following right ureterocutaneostomy. Gradual increase in anemia and decrease in renal function, however, prompted another admission. Gross hematuria necessitating frequent blood replacement could not be controlled by transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Therefore left nephroureterectomy with resection of bladder cuff was performed after internal arteriovenous shunt had been established, because favorable results regarding tumor resection were obtained from preoperative evaluations. He showed satisfactory recovery and was spared hemodialysis despite eventful postoperative course with transient decrease in renal function. The patient was discharged on 130th postoperative day and is now being followed up at the outpatient clinic. The relevant literature is also reviewed briefly.     

Two cases of vesical nephrogenic adenoma

Case 1: A 52-year-old man receiving regular treatment for quadriplegia due to Friedreich disease visited our hospital with the chief complaint of macroscopic hematuria. He had undergone cystostomy 12 years ago due to neurogenic bladder. The computed tomography and cystoscopic examination revealed a bladder tumor with a few bladder stones. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) was performed after bladder stone removal in May 2000. The pathological diagnosis showed nephrogenic adenoma. Case 2: A 54-year-old man had been treated with bladder tumor by TUR-Bt in Nov. 1995. The pathological diagnosis showed transitional cell carcinoma, G3, pT2 and intravesical instillation therapy using THP was performed. The bladder tumor had recurred twice and the instillation therapy had been exchanged to BCG since Nov. 1997. A small bladder tumor was observed in Jan. 2001, and from the biopsy specimen it was diagnosed as nephrogenic adenoma. Forty-six cases of urothelial nephrogenic adenoma including our cases have been reported in Japan. Chronic stimulation such as bladder stone and infection is thought to induce nephrogenic adenoma. BCG instillation therapy is believed to be an initiation factors for nephrogenic adenoma.