簇集蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

 目的　探讨细胞凋亡抑制因子簇集蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织（距癌组织≥4 cm,组织学结构正常）标本中簇集蛋白的表达情况,并探讨其与乳腺癌各临床病理学参数间的关系。结果　簇集蛋白在乳腺癌旁正常组织、乳腺增生及乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为0、20.0 %（4／20）及71.4 ％（50／70）,乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的簇集蛋白表达水平明显高于乳腺增生（χ2＝17.143,P＜0.05）及乳腺癌旁正常组织（χ2＝19.048,P＜0.05）;簇集蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达随着临床分期的增加阳性表达率显著升高（χ2＝4.667,P＜0.05）且与组织学分级（χ2＝5.233,P＜0.05）及淋巴结转移情况（χ2＝4.667,P＜0.05）有关,与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及组织学类型无关（χ2值分别为0.024、0.406、0.091,均P＞0.05）。在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中簇集蛋白与ER、PR的表达负相关（r值分别为-0.362、-0.290,均P＜0.05）,与C-erbB-2的表达无相关性（r＝0.129,P＞0.05）。结论　簇集蛋白可能通过抑制细胞凋亡在乳腺癌的发生、发展中发挥重要促进作用,可能成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志物,并有望成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点。     

乳腺癌组织中褪黑素受体MT1和CUEDC2的表达及临床意义

目的 检测乳腺癌组织中褪黑素受体（MT1）与CUE结构域蛋白2（CUEDC2）的表达,探讨二者表达的相关性及临床意义。方法 采用Western blotting和免疫组化SP法检测80例乳腺浸润性导管癌、30例乳腺导管内癌和30例正常乳腺组织中MT1和CUEDC2的表达情况。结果MT1在乳腺浸润性导管癌、乳腺导管内癌、正常乳腺组织中的阳性表达率分别为788％、60.0％和16.7％,三者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;CUEDC2在乳腺浸润性导管癌、乳腺导管内癌的阳性表达率分别为68.8％、53.3％,明显高于正常乳腺组织的13.3％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Western bloting半定量检测显示,乳腺浸润性导管癌MT1和CUEDC2表达分别为0.542±0.078和0.461±0.057,均高于正常乳腺组织（P＜0.05）。MT1和CUEDC2表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌患者有无淋巴结转移（P=0.034,P=0.027）和组织学分级（P=0.018,P=0.022）均有关, 但与年龄和肿瘤大小无关（P＞0.05）。乳腺浸润性导管癌中MT1表达与CUEDC2表达呈正相关（r=0.441,P＜0.05）。结论 MT1和CUEDC2高表达与乳腺癌的发生、发展及转移有关,联合检测二者表达可为乳腺癌基因治疗寻找新的干预靶点提供实验依据。     

uPA和HIF-1α在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其相关性

目的：探讨uPA和HIF-1α蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性。方法：应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中uPA、HIF-1α蛋白表达。结果：乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中uPA蛋白阳性表达率为57.7%,HIF-1α蛋白阳性表达率为82.7%,uPA、HIF-1α蛋白表达之间存在显著正相关,r=0.498,P〈0.01。结论：乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中存在uPA、HIF-1α的高表达,且两者之间的表达强度具有相关性。uPA蛋白可通过诱导HIF-1α蛋白的表达上调,成为促进乳腺癌侵袭、转移的途径之一。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2、MMP-2的表达及其相关性

目的 探讨COX-2和MMP-2蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-2蛋白的表达情况.结果 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2蛋白的阳性表达率为57.7%,MMP-2蛋白的阳性表达率为82.7%,COX-2、MMP-2蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关,γ=0.498,P＜0.01.结论 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中存在COX-2、MMP-2的高表达,且两者表达间具有相关性.COX-2蛋白可通过诱导MMP-2蛋白的表达上调,增强乳腺癌细胞的侵袭力,从而成为其促进乳腺癌浸润、转移的途径之一.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2、MMP-9的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨COX-2和MMP-9蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达.结果:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率为76.9%(40/52),MMP-9阳性表达率为82.7%(43/52),COX-2阳性表达与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);MMP-9阳性表达与患者的年龄、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关(P＜0.05);乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关(r=0.448,P＜0.01).结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白高表达,且两者具相关性.COX-2蛋白可通过诱导MMP-9蛋白的表达上调,增加乳腺癌细胞的侵袭力,促进乳腺癌浸润、转移.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织Livin和Caspase-3蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞凋亡相关因子Livin和Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织(距癌组织≥4 cm,组织学结构正常)标本中Livin、Caspase-3的表达情况,探讨两者的相关性及其与临床病理因素的关系.结果:Livin蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为64.3％,高于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织的25.0％和10.0％( P＜0.05);Caspase-3蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为45.7％,明显低于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织中的75.0％和80.0％(P＜0.05);Livin蛋白与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈负相关,P＜0.05.Livin蛋白的阳性表达率随着临床分期增加显著升高(P＜0.05),但与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.Caspase-3蛋白的表达随着临床分期的增加其阳性表达率下降(P＜0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级和淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Livin蛋白与ER、PR表达负相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2的表达无相关性,P＞ 0.05.Caspase-3蛋白与ER、PR表达显著正相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2表达无相关性,P＞0.05.结论:Livin在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要促进作用,可能成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志,并有望成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点.Caspase-3在Livin抗凋亡通路中发挥着重要作用.     

β-TubulinⅢ、MGMT在女性乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨β-TubulinⅢ、MGMT在女性乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集我院女性乳腺浸润性导管癌组织标本191例,采用免疫组织化学法检测β-TubulinⅢ、MGMT在乳腺癌组织中的表达情况。乳腺癌分子分型采用免疫组化及FISH 检测确定。结果:女性乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中β-TubulinⅢ的阳性表达率为72.3%（138/191）,与乳腺癌组织学分级、脉管侵犯及分子分型相关,其差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。MGMT的阳性表达率为74.3%（142/191）,与乳腺癌组织学分级和分子分型相关,其差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。β-TubulinⅢ、MGMT共同阳性表达与乳腺癌组织学分级及分子分型具有相关性（P＜0.05）。Spearman 相关分析显示β-TubulinⅢ和MGMT两者在女性乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中表达呈正相关（r=0.252）。结论:β-TubulinⅢ和MGMT与乳腺癌的发生具有一定的相关性。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌中COX-2、MMP-9的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨COX-2和MMP-9蛋白：在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其相关性。方法-应用免疫组织化学法检测52例乳腺癌组织COX-2和MMP-9蛋白的表达。结果：乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率为76．9％（40／52）,MMP-9阳性表达率为82．7％（43／52）,COX-2阳性表达与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性（P〉0．05）,而与淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关（P〈0．05）;MMP-9阳性表达与患者的年龄、雌孕激素受体无明显相关性（P〉0．05）,而与肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期、组织学分级有关（P〈0．05）;乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达之间存在显著正相关（r=0．448,P〈0．01）。结论：乳腺浸润性：导管癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9蛋白高表达,且两者具相关性。COX-2蛋白可通过诱导MMP-9蛋白如殳达匕调,增加孚嘣塘细胞的侵袭力,促进乳腺癌浸润、转移。     

KLF4和KLF5在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨转录因子Kruppel 样因子（KLF）4和KLF5在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达,分析其表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生、发展及临床病理因素之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测30例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织及10例对应癌旁正常组织中KLF4和KLF5蛋白的表达,分析其表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果 KLF4和KLF5均主要表达于细胞核。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中KLF4低表达,阳性表达率为6.7％,低于癌旁正常乳腺组织（70.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;KLF5在乳腺癌组织中高表达,阳性表达率为90.0％,高于癌旁正常乳腺组织（30.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中KLF4和KLF5的表达与年龄、绝经情况、组织学分级、淋巴结转移、ER及PR表达无关（P＞0.05）,而KLF5与HER-2表达水平有关（P＜0.05）。KLF4和KLF5在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达无相关性（r=-0.356,P=0.053）。结论 KLF4和KLF5表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生密切相关,可以作为预测乳腺浸润性导管癌发生、发展及转移的评价指标之一。     

ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究乳腺浸润性导管癌中ASAP3的表达,分析其与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理学特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测139例乳腺浸润性导管癌及配对50例癌旁乳腺组织中ASAP3的表达情况,并分析ASAP3表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理因素及弹性评分的相关性。结果:ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率为59.0%（82/139）,在配对的癌旁组织中的阳性表达率为4.0%（2/50）,ASAP3在乳腺癌中的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P<0.01)。ASAP3表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的淋巴结转移、原发灶组织学分级及TNM分期相关（P<0.05）,与肿瘤大小、患者年龄、月经状态无明显相关性（P>0.05）。ASAP3与乳腺癌原发灶弹性评分相关（P<0.05）。结论:ASAP3是乳腺浸润性导管癌发生及进展的重要分子,且与肿瘤硬度有相关性。     

The integrin alpha(v)beta(3-5) ligand MFG-E8 is a p63/p73 target gene in triple-negative breast cancers but exhibits suppressive functions in ER(+) and erbB2(+) breast cancers

The progression from preinvasive lesion to invasive carcinoma is a critical step contributing to breast cancer lethality. We identified downregulation of milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) as a contributor to breast cancer progression using microarray analysis of laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissues. We first identified MFG-E8 downregulation in invasive lesions in transgenic mammary tumor models, which were confirmed in LCM-isolated human invasive ductal carcinomas compared with patient-matched normal tissues. In situ analyses of MFG-E8 expression in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases confirmed its downregulation during breast cancer progression and small inhibitory MFG-E8 RNAs accelerated ER(+) breast cancer cell proliferation. MFG-E8 also decreased in erbB2(+) human cancers and erbB2 transgenic mice lacking MFG-E8 showed accelerated tumor formation. In contrast, MFG-E8 expression was present at high levels in triple-negative (ER(-), PgR(-), erbB2(-)) breast cancers, cell lines, and patient sera. Knockdown, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and reporter assays all showed that p63 regulates MFG-E8 expression, and MFG-E8 knockdowns sensitized triple-negative breast cancers to cisplatin treatment. Taken together, our results show that MFG-E8 is expressed in triple-negative breast cancers as a target gene of the p63 pathway, but may serve a suppressive function in ER(+) and erbB2(+) breast cancers. Its potential use as a serum biomarker that contributes to the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancers urges continued evaluation of its differential functions.     

散发性乳腺癌HDAC1和HDAC2蛋白表达与临床病理参数相关性研究

目的：探求HDAC1、HDAC2蛋白表达与乳腺癌临床、病理参数的相关性及其临床意义。方法：收集散发性乳腺癌标本119例,乳腺纤维腺瘤组织18例,应用SP免疫组化法检测HDAC1、HDAC2蛋白的表达情况,并与乳腺癌临床病理特点之间的关系进行分析。结果：HDAC1、HDAC2在乳腺癌和纤维腺瘤组织中表达均无显著差异。在ERβ表达阳性的组织中,HDAC1表达显著增高;HDAC2与HER2的表达呈显著的正相关性;HDAC1和HDAC2在c-Myc阳性表达的组织中阳性率显著增高;MRP阳性表达的组织中,HDAC1表达显著增高,BCRP阳性表达的组织中,HDAC2表达显著增高。结论：HDAC1、HDAC2高表达与女性散发性乳腺癌的发生发展以及产生耐药之间有一定的联系。     

MFG-E8/lactadherin regulates cyclins D1/D3 expression and enhances the tumorigenic potential of mammary epithelial cells

Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a glycoprotein highly expressed in breast cancer that contributes to tumor progression through largely undefined mechanisms. By analyzing publicly available gene expression profiles of breast carcinomas, we found that MFG-E8 is highly expressed in primary and metastatic breast carcinomas, associated with absent estrogen receptor expression. Immunohistochemistry analysis of breast cancer biopsies revealed that MFG-E8 is expressed on the cell membrane as well as in the cytoplasm and nucleus. We also show that increased expression of MFG-E8 in mammary carcinoma cells increases their tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice, and conversely, its downregulation reduces their in vivo growth. Moreover, expression of MFG-E8 in immortalized mammary epithelial cells promotes their growth and branching in three-dimensional collagen matrices and induces the expression of cyclins D1/D3 and N-cadherin. A mutant protein unable to bind integrins can in part exert these effects, indicating that MFG-E8 function is only partially dependent on integrin activation. We conclude that MFG-E8-dependent signaling stimulates cell proliferation and the acquisition of mesenchymal properties and contributes to mammary carcinoma development.     

Fibroblast growth factor 8 is expressed at higher levels in lactating human breast and in breast cancer

Fibroblast growth factor 8 can transform NIH3T3 cells and its expression has been found to be associated with breast and prostate cancer. Following our finding that fibroblast growth factor 8 mRNA expression is increased in breast cancer, we have undertaken an immunohistochemistry study of fibroblast growth factor 8 expression in a series of human breast tissues and other normal tissues. Our findings confirm increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in malignant breast tissue but also show significant fibroblast growth factor 8 expression in non-malignant breast epithelial cells. No significant difference in fibroblast growth factor 8 expression was found between different grades of ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in-situ or cancer of different oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or nodal status. The highest levels of fibroblast growth factor 8 expression were found in lactating breast tissues and fibroblast growth factor 8 was also detected in human milk. A survey of other normal tissues showed that fibroblast growth factor 8 is expressed in the proliferative cells of the dermis and epithelial cells in colon, ovary fallopian tube and uterus. Fibroblast growth factor 8 appears to be expressed in several organs in man and appears to have an importance in lactation.     

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 serves a novel biomarker of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is a pleiotropic secreted glycoprotein to play roles in mediating immune tolerance and homeostasis maintenance and enhancing angiogenesis. To evaluate its value as a biomarker in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the present study investigated MFG-E8 expression kinetics during the tumorigenesis in Opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced CCA, and demonstrated its expression in the tumor tissues of CCA patients and its serum level among them. During the tumorigenesis of CCA, MFG-E8 expression was increased in a time-dependent manner with the pathological processes. Absolutely higher expression of MFG-E8 messenger RNA was detected in the tumor tissues from CCA patients, compared with those in adjacent tissues. Immunobiochemical analysis showed that more than 90 % CCA cases were positive and the positive reaction located in the membrane and cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Moreover, the average serum level in the CCA patients was significantly higher than that in healthy individuals and those with O. viverrini infection or other parasitosis. Correlation analysis of MFG-E8 expression with CCA clinicopathology revealed that a high expression of MFG-E8 protein was significantly bound with a poor differentiation, pathological advanced stage, and metastasis of CCA. The multivariation analysis indicated that MFG-E8 was an independent prognostic factor. In addition, short hairpin RNA-mediated MFG-E8 knockdown in CCA cell line obviously suppressed the cell proliferation. Our results strongly suggested that MFG-E8 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy target of opisthorchiasis-associated CCA.     

RhoE/Rnd3及CyclinB1蛋白在人乳腺癌中的表达及相关性

目的：探讨RhoE/Rnd3及CyclinB1蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达情况及其相关性。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测60例乳腺浸润性导管癌、30例正常乳腺组织中RhoE/Rnd3及CyclinB1蛋白的表达情况。结果：RhoE/Rnd3及Cyclin B1蛋白在正常乳腺中的表达率分别为73.3%和43.3%,二者的表达差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）;在乳腺癌中的表达率分别为40.0%和70.0%,二者的表达差异具有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。RhoE/Rnd3及CyclinB1蛋白表达呈负相关（P〈0.05）。RhoE/Rnd3的表达与患者年龄和淋巴结转移呈负相关,与生育史呈正相关;CyclinB1表达与患者年龄和ER状态呈正相关。结论：RhoE/Rnd3在乳腺癌的发生中呈负调控作用,CyclinB1在乳腺癌发生中呈正调控作用,RhoE/Rnd3可能通过抑制CyclinB1来抑制乳腺癌的发生;RhoE/Rnd3过表达与乳腺癌预后较好有关,CyclinB1过表达与乳腺癌预后不良有关。     

浸润性导管型乳腺癌中金属硫蛋白3的表达及意义

[目的]探讨金属硫蛋白3(MT-3)在浸润性导管型乳腺癌中的表达,并分析MT-3表达与肿瘤临床病理及预后之间的关系。[方法]选取2012年3月至2014年3月在南京江北人民医院和江苏省肿瘤医院接受治疗的浸润性导管型乳腺癌手术标本112例,采用免疫组织化学检测肿瘤组织和癌旁组织中MT-3的表达,并分析MT-3表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理之间相关性;采用Kaplan-Meier法分析MT-3表达与乳腺癌患者预后的关系。[结果] MT-3蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率(72.3%)高于癌旁组织中的阳性表达率(25.9%)(P<0.05)。MT-3表达与乳腺癌组织的TNM临床分期、组织学分级以及淋巴结转移呈正相关(P<0.05),而与乳腺癌患者的年龄及其肿瘤大小无明显相关性(P>0.05)。生存分析结果显示,与MT-3低表达乳腺癌患者5年生存率(83.3%)相比,MT-3高表达患者的5年生存率显著性降低(62.8%)(P<0.05)。[结论] MT-3在浸润性导管型乳腺癌中过表达,并与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,有望为浸润性导管型乳腺癌的临床诊疗及预后评估提供新的思路。     

TRAF4蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

背景与目的:对肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子4(tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4,TRAF4)在乳腺癌中表达的研究存在争议.本研究探讨TRAF4在正常乳腺组织、乳腺癌组织及不同侵袭能力乳腺癌细胞系中的表达情况.方法:应用免疫组化方法检测TRAF4在70例乳腺癌组织和14例正常乳腺组织中的表达.应用Western blot方法检测TRAF4在乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MA-231(高侵袭)和MCF-7(低侵袭)中的表达.结果:TRAF4在正常乳腺组织中呈浆、核阳性表达.其浆阳性率在正常乳腺组织(78.57%)、非浸润性导管癌(88.57%)和浸润性导管癌(91.43%)中逐渐增高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).而核阳性率在正常乳腺组织(64.28%)中显著高于非浸润性导管癌(28.57%,P＜0.01),在非浸润性导管癌中高于浸润性导管癌(5.7%,P＜0.05).TRAF4总蛋白在乳腺癌高侵袭细胞系中的表达量高于低侵袭细胞系,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:TRAF4在乳腺癌细胞核中表达明显降低,与乳腺癌侵袭性相关.     

SIAH2和HIF-1α在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及意义

[目的]研究SIAH2和HIF-1α蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。[方法]采用免疫组织化学方法检测80例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织和10例乳腺癌旁正常组织中SIAH2和HIF-1α的表达;采用WesternBlot法检测25例乳腺浸润性导管癌和20例乳腺纤维腺瘤中SIAH2和HIF-1α蛋白的表达。[结果]乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中SIAH2及HIF-1α的阳性表达率分别为60％和65％,癌旁正常组织中均未见表达。SIAH2和HIF-1α表达存在正相关关系（r=0．310,P〈0．05）。两种蛋白表达与肿瘤的组织学分级、临床分期和淋巴结转移密切相关,而与肿瘤大小、年龄无显著相关性。WesternBlot结果表明SIAH2和HIF-1α两种蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达均高于乳腺纤维腺瘤中的表达（P均为0．00）。[结论]SIAH2及HIF-1α过表达在乳腺癌的发展及浸润转移中具有重要的作用。