常规分割与大分割放射治疗骨转移癌疼痛疗效对比研究

目的：比较常规分割放疗方案与大分割放疗方案治疗骨转移癌疼痛的疗效。方法：选择骨转移癌60例,随机分为观察组32例和对照组28例。观察组采用常规分割放疗方案,每次2 Gy,每周5次,总照射剂量40 Gy;对照组采用大分割放疗方案,每次3 Gy,每周3次,总照射剂量30 Gy。比较两组疗效。结果：观察组完全缓解（CR）率75.0%,部分缓解（PR）率18.8%,总有效率93.8%;对照组CR率67.9%,PR率21.4%,总有效率89.3%。两组总有效率比较,差异不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：常规分割与大分割放疗方案治疗骨转移癌疼痛疗效相近。     

脑转移癌近距离放射治疗配合外照射治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨立体定向近距离放射治疗配合外照射治疗脑转移癌的方法及疗效。方法 自1994年4月～1999年4月，采用立体定向后装近距离放射治疗配合外照射治疗脑转移癌19例(均为肺癌恼转移，孤立或两个病灶)。近距离治疗剂量为25～35Gy／10～12次／7～10d。全脑外放疗剂量为30～40Gy／3～4周。结果 总缓解率为84．2％(16／19)。一年局部控制率为60．0％(6／10)。中位生存11个月。随诊期内未出现严重并发症。结论 近距离放射治疗配合外放疗能够改善脑转移癌病人的生存质量及生存期。不会增加严重放射性并发症的发生率。     

脑转移癌近距离放射治疗配合外照射治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨立体定向近距离放射治疗配合外照射治疗脑转移癌的方法及疗效。方法 自1994年4月～1999年4月，采用立体定向后装近距离放射治疗配合外照射治疗脑转移癌19例(均为肺癌脑转移、孤立或两个病灶)。近距离治疗剂量为25～35Gy／10～12次／7～10d。全脑外射疗剂量为30～40Gy／3～4周。结果 总缓解率CR PR为84．2％(16／19)。一年局部控制率为60．0％(6／10)。中位生存11个月。随诊期内未出现严重并发症。结论 近距离放射治疗配合外放疗能够改善脑转移癌病人的生存质量及生存期，不会增加严重放射性并发症的发生率。     

骨转移癌放射止痛治疗的临床效果研究

目的观察两种姑息放射治疗方法对骨转移的晚期肿瘤患者骨转移病灶的临床疗效、副反应。方法 72例患者92处骨转移灶根据患者的预计生存期与病灶部位的不同分为两组,对于估计寿命超过1a的患者给予照射剂量为2GY分割,总剂量为40GY/20 F,共42例44处,均为每周5次;对预计生存期不足1a的患者给予每次剂量为3GY,总剂量30GY/10F,共30例48处。结果常规组有效率86.8%,大分割组有效率91.6%,2组总有效率89.1%,但两组不同分割方式的有效率无统计学差异,P>0.05,两组放疗副反应的发生率相近,且症状较轻。结论放射治疗对骨转移癌疼痛是一种较好的止痛治疗方法,常规放疗、大分割2组放疗方法疗效和副反应相近。     

伽玛刀治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床研究

目的　探讨立体定向放射治疗晚期胰腺癌的近期临床疗效。方法　采用QUR QGD型立体定向伽玛射线体部治疗系统 (体部伽玛刀 )治疗 16例晚期胰腺癌患者。本组病例伽玛刀治疗等剂量曲线为 5 5 %～ 70 % ;肿瘤≤ 5cm的单次周边剂量 4 0～ 5 5Gy ,肿瘤 >5cm的单次周边剂量 3 0～ 4 0Gy ;治疗总剂量为32～ 4 8Gy ;治疗次数 8～ 11次 ,大多数患者为隔日治疗。结果　伽玛刀治疗过程中部分患者上腹部及腰背部疼痛明显减轻 ,2位患者黄疸消退。伽玛刀治疗 3个月第一次复查 ,病变部位达到完全缓解 3例 ,部分缓解 13例 ;总有效率 (完全缓解 +部分缓解 ) 10 0 %。 6个月复查 ,病变部位达到完全缓解 5例 ,部分缓解 9例 ,无变化2例 ;总的症状、体征缓解率为 81 2 5 % (13/16 )。未见穿孔、大出血、持续高热等严重并发症发生。结论　体部伽玛刀治疗晚期胰腺癌能使肿瘤局部得到准确的高剂量照射 ,周围正常组织损伤小 ,近期疗效理想 ,为临床肿瘤医生提供了一个新的治疗手段。     

骨转移癌姑息性放射治疗两种剂量与分割方案比较

恶性肿瘤发生骨转移约占远处转移的30%~85%,骨转移通常为多发。因此,骨转移癌的治疗属于姑息性治疗,其主要目的是消除或缓解肿瘤所致的疼痛症状,改善生存质量和延长生存期,或对少数单发的肿瘤达到治愈的目的。放射治疗的局部骨转移的镇痛作用非常有效,另外还可以预防病理性骨折和脊髓压迫的发生。尽管对于骨转移癌的放疗技术和剂量与分割已进行了大量临床研究^[1-2],但最佳的技术和剂量与分割仍在探讨中。本研究进行了8 Gy单次与30 Gy分10次两种剂量分割的随机分组研究,以评估不同放疗剂量分割方案对骨转移患者生存率、缓解疼痛和不良反应等指标的影响。     

肺癌骨转移放疗止痛效果临床分析

目的 分析骨转移癌放疗止痛疗效。方法 将189例原发灶为肺癌的骨转移癌计221个病灶的放疗结果进行回顾性分析。放疗方案分为2种剂量分割组:(1)常规分割组:2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量30～50Gy,共163个病灶;(2)中～低分割组:3～5Gy/次,2～3次/周,总剂量20～40Gy,共58个病灶。对不同病理类型和原发灶控制情况下的放疗结果进行分层分析。结果 常规分割、中-低分割组有效率分别为90.7%和87.9%(χ²=1.229,P>0.05),总有效率为90.0%。小细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌的有效率分别为92.4%和89.0%(χ²=0.668,P>0.05)。原发灶控制与未控制的有效率为88.4%和91.7%(χ²=0.787,P>0.05)。结论 放疗是一种有效止痛方式,可作为骨转移癌首选治疗方法。不同分割剂量放疗对骨转移疼痛的缓解程度无影响,放疗疗效与原发灶病理类型及原发灶控制与否关系不明显。     

X射线立体定向放射治疗后脑肿瘤的病理学观察

X射线立体定向放射用于治疗脑肿瘤已多年 ,对治疗后肿瘤的病理变化报道甚少 ,且多为动物实验[1～2 ]。我们收集经X射线立体定向放射治疗后又行手术切除的脑肿瘤标本 ,观察这些肿瘤的病理学改变。一、材料和方法1 材料 :洛阳医学高等专科学校附属医院经立体定向放射治疗后又手术切除的脑肿瘤标本 2 4例。经常规石蜡制片 ,HE染色。美国产Varian 60 0c直线加速器和德国Fisher公司ZD立体定向手术系统 ,准直器直径 10～ 2 3mm ,以等中心剂量的 80 %等剂量曲线覆盖肿瘤边缘 ,并以此剂量为靶区处方剂量 ,总剂量 16～ 3 6Gy ,分次剂量 :8～ 12Gy…     

低分割立体定向放射治疗原发性视神经鞘脑膜瘤的疗效分析

 目的 评价在4 Gy×10次的剂量分割模式下,采用低分割立体定向放射治疗原发性视神经鞘脑膜瘤的近期疗效.方法 2004-8至2010-3本院收治的15例原发性视神经鞘脑膜瘤患者采用SGS-Ⅰ型超级伽玛刀进行低分割立体定向放射治疗,靶区处方剂量为40 Gy/4 Gy×10次,放疗结束后6个月进行随访,观察患者肿瘤控制率,临床症状改善情况及视力保存率.结果 经过中位时间23个月的随访,肿瘤控制率100%(15例),肿瘤最大径缩小超过50%的患者有4例.突眼症状改善率100%,治疗前后突眼度分别为(17.3±0.8) mm及(14.5±0.3) mm,P<0.01.全组视力保存率为73.3%(11/15),其中改善2例,稳定9例,下降2例,失明2例.有10例出现轻度的治疗相关反应,对症治疗后缓解.结论 原发性视神经鞘脑膜瘤接受处方剂量为40 Gy/4 Gy×10次低分割立体定向治疗,疗效确切,但视力改善率较低,甚至出现失明患者,对于剂量分割模式尚需进一步研究.     

放射治疗后经皮射频消融治疗溶骨性骨转移所致疼痛的可行性研究

目的确定放射治疗(RT)后射频消融(RFA)(RFA-RT)缓解溶骨性骨转移所致疼痛是否优于单纯放射治疗。方法入选标准:单发骨转移且视觉模拟评分法(VAS)疼痛评分在5分以上的病人。15例病人接受RFA-RT治疗(总剂量20Gy,共5次,每次4Gy,疗程超过1周),与单纯接受放射治疗的对照组(30例病人)进行比较。结果     

The percutaneous irradiation of osteolytic bone metastases--a course assessment]

Percutaneous radiotherapy is the most effective modality for treatment of metastatic bone cancer. Local irradiation improves overall quality of life by relieving pain in most patients. It also helps preventing complications as pathological fractures in lytic bone lesions by new bone formation. In a retrospective study on 100 patients, irradiated for lytic bone metastases, the radiotherapeutic effect on alleviation of pain and on recalcification rate was investigated. In our experience in 84% of the cases pain and disability associated with bone metastases could be decreased. 38% of the patients had complete relief of symptoms. A correlation between subjective therapy effect and histology of the primary tumor was not demonstrated. Remineralization was found in 67% of all irradiated skeletal areas (n = 137) (recalcification rate in breast cancer 77%, in bronchial carcinoma 27%, and in renal cell carcinoma 25%). After a total dose of 30 Gy reduction of the metastases-associated pain was achieved in 81% of the cases and remineralization was observed in 70% of the cases.     

Effectiveness of Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Painful Bone Metastases Two Prospective Studies with 1 × 4 Gy and 4 × 4 Gy

BACKGROUND: Although effectiveness of fractionated radiotherapy for painful bone metastases is well documented, there are unanswered questions regarding the adequacy of low-dose short radiation schedules for long-term pain control which give maximum benefit in patients with a short life expectancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two consecutive non-randomized prospective follow-up studies were performed at a single institution to analyze pain response and duration of response in patients with a variety of primary tumors. Included were only patients with symptomatic nonvertebral bone metastases and without impending pathologic fracture. Forty-five patients received 1 x 4 Gy to 50 different sites (group I) while 86 patients received 4 x 4 Gy to 96 sites (group II). Pain relief to irradiation was evaluated according to patient interviews using a 4-point categorical scale. Follow-up was performed 7 and 90 days after radiotherapy. RESULTS: Pain relief after 4 x 4 Gy was significantly superior to 1 x 4 Gy with pain control rates being 86.5% vs 48% at day 7 (after end of treatment) and 80% vs 55% at day 90, respectively. A subgroup analysis of patients treated with 4 x 4 Gy demonstrated a more favorable outcome for breast cancer patients in comparison to patients with other primaries concerning pain relief (96% vs 81%), pain control after 90 days (93% vs 72%), median time to pain progression (9 vs 3 months), and median overall survival (14 vs 5.5 months). CONCLUSIONS: In this study 4 x 4 Gy proved to be clearly superior to 1 x 4 Gy in relieving pain from symptomatic nonvertebral bone metastases without impending pathologic fracture. Even if radiotherapy with 1 single fraction seems to be applicable in specific cases doses higher than 4 Gy should be chosen. In breast cancer patients pain control seems to be better compared to other primaries.     

Results of whole lung irradiation and chemotherapy in comparison with partial lung irradiation in metastasizing, undifferentiated soft tissue sarcomas

The poor prognosis of patients with unresectable pulmonary metastases of soft tissue sarcoma is well known. In order to evaluate the beneficial effect of radiotherapy, we have treated 44 patients with pulmonary metastases of grade 3 soft tissue sarcoma from 1980 to 1986. In 36 patients the treatment volume was restricted to the single metastases up to a dose of 50 to 60 (9 to 10 Gy/week). The survival rate at one year was 18% and at two years 6%. Eight patients were treated with a combined regimen, consisting of cisplatin and ifosfamide with simultaneous whole lung irradiation. Irradiation was performed with 8 or 16 MV photons at a hyperfractionation of 2 x 0.8 Gy/day (8 Gy/week). After a dose of 12 Gy, the single metastases were boosted up to 50 to 60 Gy, with a second course of chemotherapy. In six of eight patients complete remissions were achieved, one patient showed a partial remission. The survival rate at 27 months was 50%. The patients with partial remission died from pulmonary progression at 23 months. One patient died after twelve months from a loco-regional recurrence in the tonsillar fossa without evidence of pulmonary disease. Side effects included alopecia and moderate bone marrow suppression approximately twelve days after each chemotherapy cycle. Pulmonary fibrosis was observed only at the high dose volume without impairment of respiratory function. From these observations the conclusion is drawn that whole lung irradiation simultaneously with cisplatin and ifosfamide chemotherapy provides good palliative results without relevant morbidity in patients with high grade unresectable pulmonary metastases of soft tissue sarcomas.     

转移性骨肿瘤放射治疗临床分析

目的分析79例转移性骨肿瘤放射治疗止痛效果及中位生存期。方法采用6MV和15MV X线照射转移性骨肿瘤79例共141处病灶。常规分割组18例，照射DT40—50Gy／20—25次共4—5周；大分割组61例，照射DT30-36Gy／10-12次共2-2．5周。结果（1）总的中位生存期为3．81个月。中位生存期单纯骨转移者8．05个月，原发灶已控制者4．29个月，分别显著高于合并内脏转移者的3．10个月（P〈0．05）和原发灶未控或不明者的3．31个月（P〈0．05）；中位生存期单发和多发骨转移者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。（2）放射止痛总的有效率为92．90％，常规分割组止痛效果优于大分割组（x^2=12．99，P=0．005），而止痛效果与原发灶是否得到控制、转移是单发还是多发均无关系。（3）放射止痛起效的快慢与单次剂量成正比（x^2=9．55，P=0．002）。结论放射治疗可作为转移性骨肿瘤的一种主要止痛手段。     

Reirradiation with local-field radiotherapy for painful bone metastases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness, prognostic factors, and sequelae of the first course of local-field reirradiation for painful bone metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2000, a total of 30 patients were reirradiated for painful bone metastases. The most commonly used initial treatment regimen was 30 Gy/10 Fr/2 wk. An additional dose in the range from 10 Gy/5 Fr to 26 Gy/13 Fr was reirradiated. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (50%) showed some type of pain relief after reirradiation. Patients with initial CR were more likely to respond than those with previous PR (100% vs. 41%). The median duration of pain relief was five months. The duration of response was longer in initial CR than initial PR. The median survival time of responders after retreatment was 11 months. No patient developed radiation myelopathy. Prognostic factors for pain relief were duration from initial treatment, performance status (PS), and status of bone metastases. CONCLUSION: Reirradiation for patients with a long duration from initial treatment (> or = 4 months), good PS (ECOG: 1-2), or solitary bone metastases was effective for pain relief. The appropriate indications, optimal dose, fractions, and technique for reirradiation to painful bone metastases should be further explored in randomized study.     

不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤二程放疗疗效和安全性分析

目的 分析不可手术结直肠癌肝转移瘤接受二程放疗的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性收集2017—2023年于北京大学肿瘤医院接受二程放疗的28例不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者的资料,分析二程放疗的可行性。结果 28例患者二程放疗后中位随访时间为20.2个月。二程放疗距首程放疗的中位时间为11.1个月。首程放疗和二程放疗的中位生物有效剂量(BED)分别为100和96 Gy,分别有25例(89.3%)和24例(85.7%)患者接受了体部立体定向放射治疗。首程放疗和二程放疗的正常肝脏平均受量的2 Gy分次的等效剂量(EQD2)分别为10.1和 7.9 Gy。二程放疗后的完全缓解率和部分缓解率分别为54.5%和18.2%,客观反应率为72.7%。二程放疗后基于患者的2年的累积局部失败率为17.0%,基于病灶的2年的累积局部失败率为15.1%,1年无进展生存(PFS)为27.4%,3年总生存(OS)为46.7%。二程放疗后患者的耐受性良好,大部分患者(75.0%)出现1~2级急性不良反应,只有1例(3.6%)患者出现3级急性不良反应。结论 对于不可手术结直肠癌肝转移患者,二程放疗安全有效。     

Osteodensitometry of vertebral metastases after radiotherapy using quantitative computed tomography

Bone density has been assessed during and after radiotherapy of metastases of the spine using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in 19 patients with osteolytic vertebral lesions. All patients underwent external photon radiation with a total dose of 40 Gy over a period of 4 weeks. Measurements of vertebral mineral density were performed at the beginning, at the end, and 3 months after radiotherapy. In 13 patients with osteolytic metastases, radiotherapy achieved complete release of pain; it was unsuccessful in the remaining 6 patients. Immediately after successful radiotherapy, osteolytic metastases showed a decrease of bone density of 24.7% followed by an increase of 60.6% 3 months later. Normal bone surrounding the osteolysis showed an increase of density at the end and 3 months after radiotherapy. QCT has proved to be a helpful tool in assessing successful radiotherapy of metastases of the spine.     

Palliative Strahlentherapie von Knochenmetastasen Eine retrospektive Analyse von 176 Patienten

BACKGROUND: The effect of the palliative irradiation of bone metastases was explored in this retrospective analysis. The spectrum of primary tumor sites, the localization of the bone metastases and the fractionation schedules were analyzed with regard to palliation discriminating total, partial and complete pain response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred seventy-six patients are included in this retrospective quantitative study from April 1992 to November 1993. Two hundred fifty-eight localizations of painful bone metastases were irradiated. The percentage of bone metastases of the total irradiated localizations in our department of radiotherapy in the Charité-Hospital, the primary tumor sites, the localizations and the different fractionation schedules were explored. The total, partial and complete pain response was analyzed in the most often used fractionation schedules and by primary tumor sites. RESULTS: Eight per cent of all irradiated localizations in the observation period were bone metastases. There were irradiated bone metastases of 21 different tumor sites. Most of the primary tumor sites were breast cancer (49%), lung cancer (6%) and kidney cancer (6%). The most frequent site of metastases was the vertebral column (52%). The most often used fractionation schedules were: 4 x 5 Gy (32%), 10 x 3 Gy (18%), 6 x 5 Gy (9%), 7 x 3 Gy (7%), 10 x 2 Gy (5%) and 2 x 8 Gy. The total response rates in this fractionation schedules were 72%, 79%, 74%, 76%, 75% and 72%, the complete response rates were 35%, 32%, 30%, 35%, 33% and 33%. There were no significant differences between the most often irradiated primary tumor sites, the most frequent localizations and the palliation with regard to total, partial and complete pain response. CONCLUSION: There are no differences between the different fractionation schedules with regard to the pain effect of bone metastases. A palliation is ensured in 75% of all cases with a partial response of 42% and complete response of 33%. With regard to pain response these results do not justify a recommendation for a standard fractionation schedule. Current fractionation schedules such as 10 x 3 Gy for 2 weeks or 5 x 4 Gy for 1 week should be used. Another point is the recalcification in the palliative treatment of bone metastases in patients with better prognosis. The recalcification is the basis for stabilization and prevention of fractures. This aspect should be explored in prospective studies.     

伽玛刀立体定向放疗结合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤临床效果分析

目的 分析立体定向放疗结合全脑照射治疗脑转移瘤的疗效和预后,同时观察服用替莫唑胺(TMZ)与放疗结合对患者生存率的影响。方法 脑转移瘤患者52例,按照治疗方法不同分为2组,一组为全脑照射(WBRT)+立体定向放疗(SRT,伽玛刀),共35例,一组为单纯SRT,共17例。全脑放疗分次剂量为1.8~3.0 Gy/次,1 次/d,5 次/周,总剂量D_T30~40 Gy,WBRT+SRT组全脑后伽玛刀补量采用45%~75%等剂量曲线包绕PTV,边缘剂量12~15 Gy,中心剂量20~30 Gy。单纯SRT组分次立体定向放疗采用45%~75%等剂量曲线包绕PTV,边缘剂量36~40 Gy,中心剂量70~80 Gy。随访1~2年。所选52例患者中有20例患者放疗期间及放疗后服用替莫唑胺胶囊,同步化疗组化疗方案为:口服替莫唑胺75 mg/m²,1次/d,直至放疗结束,放疗结束后再服用3~6个月,剂量改为150 mg/m²。结果 放射治疗后1~3个月,复查CT/MRI显示总有效率(CR+PR)为84.62%,WBRT+SRT组有效率为88.57%,SRT组有效率为76.47%;肿瘤的6个月及1年的局部控制率分别为92.10%和85.20%。WBRT+SRT组的平均生存期13.2个月,中位生存期11个月;6个月生存率为71.40%,12个月生存率为54.30%,18个月生存率为14.30%。SRT组的平均生存期10.2个月,中位生存期9个月;6个月生存率为41.20%,12个月生存率为23.50%,18个月生存率为5.88%。替莫唑胺+放疗与单纯放疗的6个月、12个月及18个月生存率分别为80.00%和56.30%、60.00%和37.50%、10.00%和12.50%。结论 WBRT+SRT治疗脑转移瘤总体上优于单纯SRT治疗。放疗+TMZ联合治疗与单纯放疗相比,替莫唑胺在放疗过程中服用可提高患者生存率,不良反应无显著增加。