Frequency and effects of the apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism

Plasma from 158 presumed healthy nuclear families has been analyzed by high-resolution, two-dimensional electrophoresis to study the frequency and effects of the genetic polymorphism in human apolipoprotein A-IV. Two common alleles, apo A-IV 1 and apo A-IV 2 were detected with relative frequencies of 0.943 and 0.057, respectively. Autosomal codominant transmission of these two alleles coded for by a single structural locus was demonstrated. Furthermore, we studied the effects of this apo A-IV variability on total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose levels and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Statistically significant differences among apo A-IV genotypes for the average glucose level were detected. The average effect of the apo A-IV 1 allele was to lower plasma glucose levels by 0.013 mmol/l, whereas the average effect of the apo A-IV 2 allele was to raise glucose levels by 0.213 mmol/l.     

Effects of apolipoprotein A-IV genotype on glucose and plasma lipoprotein levels

The effects of apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV genotype on serum glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose concentrations were ascertained in a population of 373 men and 361 women with a mean age of about 57 years. Subjects were evaluated at entry into a lifestyle intervention program. Apolipoprotein A-IV genotype variations at residues 347 and 360 were examined, as these mutations affect the sequence of apo A-IV, a major protein constituent of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and HDL. With regard to the apo A-IV 360 mutation, 16.4% of the females and 13.4% of the males carried the apo A-IV 2-allele, almost entirely in the heterozygous state. No effect of the apo A-IV 1/2 genotype was observed in either men or women on total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, the total cholesterol (TC)/HDL ratio, or on A-I, A-IV and apo B levels. This was also the case for the apo A-IV 347 mutation. However, women with the apo A-IV 360 1/2 genotype had significantly (p < 0.005) higher glucose levels (105.5 mg/dl) compared with the 1/1 wild-type (94.0 mg/dl). All analyses were also adjusted for age, body mass index, medications, alcohol use and cigarette smoking. The prevalence of the 347 mutation was somewhat higher than the 360 mutation, with 29% of the females and 32.0% of the males being heterozygous for this mutation, and 3.9% of the females and 5.4% of the males being homozygous for this mutation. These data are consistent with the concept that the apo A-IV 360 and 347 genotypes have no significant effect on apo A-IV levels and other lipid parameters in either gender. However, apo A-IV 360 1/2 genotype did have a significant effect on serum glucose levels in women.     

Genetic polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein A-IV in a Greek population and their relation to plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is a protein component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). In this study, two common genetic polymorphisms of the apoA-IV gene [codons 347(allele A and T) and 360 (allele 1 and 2)] were investigated in Greek patients with hyperlipidaemia and in healthy individuals matched for age, sex and smoking habits. In both study populations we evaluated the effect of these polymorphic sites on lipid and lipoprotein plasma levels and the body mass index (BMI). The frequencies of the 1/1 and 1/2 genotypes in codon 360 were 0.94 and 0.06 in hyperlipidemic patients and 0.92 and 0.08 in the control population, respectively. The frequencies of the A/A, A/T and T/T genotypes in codon 347 were 0.62, 0.34 and 0.04 in hyperlipidemic patients and 0.59, 0.33 and 0.08 in the control population, respectively. None of the above genotype frequency differences between the study populations reached statistical significance. The control population was not affected by any polymorphism of the apo A-IV gene. Hyperlipidaemic patients, carriers of the allele 2 (1/2 genotype), had significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels than carriers of the allele 1 (p = 0.03). Genetic variation in codon 347 had no influence on lipid and lipoprotein plasma levels. None of the polymorphisms at codons 360 and 347 affected the BMI. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time the genotype frequencies for polymorphic sites in codons 360 and 347 of the apo A-IV gene in a Greek population and suggests that the presence of the allele 2 is associated with lower plasma triglyceride levels in hyperlipidaemic patients.     

Frequencies of five genetic polymorphisms in coronarographed patients and effects on lipid levels in a supposedly healthy population

Allele frequencies of genetic polymorphisms were compared between supposedly healthy subjects and angiographically proven coronary artery disease patients. The polymorphic candidate loci investigated were the apolipoprotein (apo) B signal peptide and Xba I polymorphisms, the apo E polymorphism and two polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene: Hind/ III and PvuII. Apo B signal peptide and Hind III/LPL polymorphisms showed significant differences in allele partition between cases and controls; the rare alleles of both polymorphisms were less frequent (p<0.05) in cases. We looked for associations between the polymorphisms and lipid concentration variability in a supposedly healthy population (145 men and 144 women). Apo B signal peptide, apo E and Pvul II/LPL polymorphisms seem to influence some lipid metabolism parameters significantly. Apo AI and LpCIII levels were significantly different among apo B signal peptide genotypes: Del homozygotes had the highest concentrations of both variables. The e4 allele of apo E polymorphism was associated with increased concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apo B. Increased LpAI:AII levels observed in E3 homozygotes (p<0.01) have not previously been reported. LpAI:AII concentration was also influenced by Pvu II/LPL polymorphisms.     

湖北地区汉族人群肿瘤坏死因子微卫星多态性研究

目的探讨中国湖北地区汉族人群肿瘤坏死因子(tumornecrosis f     

成都汉族群体八个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

目的 了解中国人８个ＳＴＲ基因座等位自然结构特征,获得汉族群体的遗传数据。方法 ＥＤＴＡ抗凝血样采自成都地区无新缘关系汉族个体。Ｃｈｅｌｅｘ法提取ＤＮＡ,ＰＣＲ护增,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续缓冲系统水平电泳分型,自动激光荧光测序仪测定ＤＮＡ序列。结果 序列分析显示,成都汉族人８个ＳＴＲ基因座中,５个ＳＴＲ基因座具有简单重复序列,３个ＳＴＲ基因座具有复杂重复序列。８个ＳＴＲ基因座在成都汉族群体中均     

河南汉族人群六个短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性分析

目的对河南汉族人群6个短串联重复序列(shorttandemrepeats,STR)基因座等位基因频率进行研究并获得群体遗传数据。方法对140名无血缘关系河南汉族个体的EDTA抗凝血样用酚-氯仿法提取DNA,应用多重PCR扩增技术结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对D12S391、D5S818、D18S51、PAHI3、D8S1179、D3S1358共6个基因座在河南地区人群中的基因型分布进行分析。结果6个基因座的基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,各基因座的观察杂合度分别为0.871、0.769、0.871、0.773、0.901、0.722,6个位点的累积个体识别率为0.9999998,累计非父排除率为0.99845,累计个体匹配率为2.39×10-7。结论6个基因座在河南汉族群体中具有较高的非父排除率和个体识别率,在法医学和群体遗传学研究中有一定的应用价值。     

Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism in the Hungarian population: Gene frequencies,effect on lipid levels,and sequence of two new variants

The genetic polymorphism of human apolipoprotein A-IV was investigated in Hungarian blood donors (n = 202) by isoelectric focusing (IEF) of pfasma samples followed by immunoblotting. The frequency of apo A-IV alleles was f(A-IV¹) = 0.95, f(A-IV²) = 0.039 and f(A-IV³) = 0.002. This frequency distribution is significantly different from other Caucasian populations (P < 0.05). The association of apo A-IV phenotypes with HDL-cholesterol concentration which was previously described for two other European populations was only of borderline significance (P = 0.08). Three previously undescribed apo A-IV variants, designated Budapest-1, Budapest-2 and Budapest-3, were detected by IEF. The mutant proteins are not associated with alterations in the lipid/ lipoprotein concentrations in heterozygotes. DN A-sequencing reveafed two point mutations (Arg²⁸⁵→ Cys and Thr³⁴⁷ → Ser) in exon 3 of apo A-IV-Budapest-1 and a Glu → Lys substitution at position 24 in exon 2 of apo A-IV-Budapest-2. © 1995 Wiley-Liss Inc.     

汉族人群载脂蛋白CII基因二核苷酸串联重复序列(TG)n(AG)m及(AG)m多态性

采用套式聚合酶链反应结合变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染技术，并构建载脂蛋白CII（ApoCII)基因二核苷酸串联重复序列（TG）n(AG)m及（AG）m序列等位基因梯阶标准；检测正常汉族人群基因型和等位基因频率分布，检出36种（TG）n(AG)m序列基因型、12种等位基因。等位基因为17、18、26－35，其频率分别为0．061、0．011、0．002、0．002、0．054、0．255、0．372、0．084、0．026、0．039、0．052、0．041。检出7种（AG）m序列基因型、4种等位基因。等位基因为6、7、8、9，其频率分别为0．002、0．152、0．812、0．034。与欧洲白种人比较，ApoCII基因二核苷酸串联重复序列（TG）n(AG)m及（AG）m序列等位基因频率分布均具有明显的种族差异性（P＜0．01，P＜0．01）。     

The effect of six polymorphisms in the Apolipoprotein B gene on parameters of lipid metabolism in a Danish population

Lipoproteins are vehicles for the distribution of plasma lipids and polymorphisms in the genes for apolipoproteins could influence the amount of lipid in plasma. We examined the effect of six single nucleotide polymorphisms in codons 71, 591, 2488, 2712, 3611, and 4154 of the apolipoprotein B gene on fasting levels of triglyceride, VLDL-, LDL-, HDL- and total cholesterol and on body mass index (BMI) in a cohort of 2656 Danes aged 40-70 years using a linear model correcting for the effects of gender, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity. The codon 2488 polymorphism was the most influential of the tested polymorphisms, significantly influencing triglyceride (P = 0.002), LDL-cholesterol (P < or = 0.0004), VLDL-cholesterol (P = 0.006) and total cholesterol (P = 0.0001). The codon 2712 polymorphism had an impact on triglyceride (P = 0.007) and VLDL-cholesterol (P = 0.001), while the codon 71 polymorphism influenced LDL- and total cholesterol (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). An interaction between smoking and codon 591 (P = 0.03) and smoking and codon 3611 (P = 0.02) on BMI was observed, as well as modest interactions between codon 3611 and codons 2488 and 2712 on lipid parameters. All polymorphisms were in close linkage disequilibrium. The population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in four of the six polymorphisms but the lack of equilibrium was restricted mainly to the 60-year olds.     

江西部分地区汉族人群六个短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多态性

目的 调查江西除赣州地区外其余地区汉族人群无关个体6个短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat,STR)基因座的遗传多态性,积累遗传学数据.方法 采集江西部分地区212名汉族无关个体EDTA抗凝全血,应用聚合酶链反应复合扩增与聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测技术检测D6S1043、D2S1772、D7S3048、D22-GATA198B05、D8S1132与D11S2368这6个STR基因座的等位基因.结果 在212名江西部分地区汉族人群中观察到D6S1043基因座位13种等位基因,52种基因型;D2S1772基因座13种等位基因,66种基因型;D7S3048基因座位12种等位基因,48种等位基因型;D22-GATA198B05基因座位11种等位基因,44种等位基因型;D8S1132基因座10种等位基因,38种等位基因型;D11S2368基因座位10种等位基因,41种等位基因型.D6S1043、D2S1772、D7S3048、D22-GATA198B05、D11S2368与D8S1132这6个基因座的观察杂合度在0.8019～0.8774之间;期望杂合度在0.8553～0.8896之间;个人识别力在0.9559～0.9735之间;非父排除率在0.7053～0.7751之间;多态信息含量在0.8452～0.8774之间.结论 本次调查6个STR位点在江西地区汉族人群的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,遗传多态性高.为丰富江西地区遗传资料库及法医学应用提供了基础数据和理论依据.     

湖北汉族人群中一新TNFd等位基因发现及多态性

目的探讨中国湖北地区汉族人群中 TNFd微卫星遗传多态性分布。方法收集湖北地区 16 4名无血缘关系健康个体的静脉血 ,提取 DNA,应用 PCR结合变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶高压电泳和 Ag NO3染色 ,对 TNFd微卫星进行分型 ,并将PCR产物克隆及测序鉴定。结果 TNFd微卫星检测到 8个等位基因 ,2 0种基因型。其中一新的等位基因经克隆及测序得以证实。其基因型分布符合 Hardy- Weinberg平衡定律。统计分析显示 ,中国汉族人群 TNFd等位基因频率分布与欧美白种人均有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 TNFd等位基因频率分布具有种族的差异性。新的等位基因序列已被 Genebank收载 (登录号为AF315 5 93)     

整合素基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中及血脂的相关研究

目的 探讨整合素-α2基因(integrin alpha-2,ITGA2)C807T和整合索-β3基因(integrinbeta-3,ITGB3)T176C多态性与缺血性脑卒中的关系及其对血脂、脂蛋白水平的影响.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性和DNA测序的方法检测265例缺血性脑卒中患者和280名对照组ITGA2和ITGB3的基因型;同时按常规方法测定血浆脂质、脂蛋白水平.结果 缺血性脑卒中组总胆固醇(totalcholesterol,TC),甘油三酯(triacylglycerol,TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,LDL-C)水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),ITGB3基因T176C多态性在缺血性脑卒中组和正常人群中的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).而ITGA2基因C807T多态性在两组人群中的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等位基因频率的相对风险分析发现,T等位基因携带者患缺血性脑卒中的风险是C等位基因的1.455倍(OR=1.455,95%CI:1.134～1.866),携带T等位基因的缺血性脑卒中个体血浆TC水平显著高于不携带者(P<0.05).结论 ITGA2基因C807T多态性与缺血性脑卒中的发病具有相关性,其中T等位基因可能是缺血性脑卒中的遗传易感基因;ITGA2基因C807T多态性可能通过影响血脂水平而影响缺血性脑卒中的发生.     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者载脂蛋白(a)五核苷酸重复序列基因多态性的初步研究

目的　探讨载脂蛋白 (a) [apolipoprotein(a) ,apo(a) ]五核苷酸重复序列 (pentanucleotiderepeats,PNR)基因多态性与中国汉族人冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (简称冠心病 )发病的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应结合聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和硝酸银染色 ,对 15 3名中国汉族正常人和 16 5例冠心病患者apo(a) PNR基因多态性进行了分析。结果　冠心病组 apo(a) PNR(TTTTA) 5/8基因型频率 (0 .188)和(TTTTA) 5等位基因频率 (0 .115 )显著高于正常对照组 (0 .0 39,0 .0 2 6 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1,P<0 .0 5 )。结论　apo(a) PNR基因多态性与人群易患冠心病有关 ,可能在一定程度上参与了冠心病的发生和发展过程。     

河南汉族群体八个STR基因座遗传多态性研究

目的 对河南省汉族群体的8个短串联重复序列（short tandem repeats,STR)基因座等位基因频率进行研究,得到河南群体TH01,FES,D19S400,D7S820,D16S539,D20S161,D3S1545和D5S818基因座的群体遗传学数据。方法 EDTA抗凝血样采自河南117名无血缘关系汉族个体,酚氯仿法抽提DNA,PCR扩增,非变性聚丙烯酰胺垂直凝胶电泳,银染显色分析,结果 得到8个基因座的等位基因频率,各基因座的杂合度分别为：0．66,0.67,0.80,0.76,0.79,0.78,0.78;个体识别率:0.83,0.83,0.94,0.91,0.93,0.93,0.92,0.92.结论 8个STR基因座具较高的杂合度,等位基因分布符合HardyWeinberg平衡,是较理想的遗传标记,可用于法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

中国南方汉族人群DNA错配修复酶hMSH2基因遗传多态性分析

目的 获取DNA错配修复酶hMSH2基因在中国南方汉族人群中的基因型和基因频率等群体遗传学资料。方法 收集163名中国南方汉族人群的基础资料及血液标本，抽提血液DNA，用多重PCR法扩增hMSH2基因第6、第7外显子，并进行单链构象多态性分析及DNA序列分析。结果 检测出hMSH2基因第7外显子上的C18、A82、B39 3种基因突变类型，频率分别为0．0184、0．0031、0．0031，经检验符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡(P＞0．05)；C18型突变杂合度最高(0．0361)。结论 中国南方汉族人群中hMSH2基因第7外显子上存在3种突变型等位基因，其中C18型突变频率最高，是一种有用的遗传标记。     

Genetic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E and its influence on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is one of the major protein constituents of chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants and plays a central role as a ligand in the receptor-mediated uptake of these particles by the liver. Including the most common variant, apoE3, 30 apoE variants have been characterized. At present, 14 apoE variants have been found to be associated with famiiial dysbetalipoproteinemia, a genetic lipid disorder characterized by elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and an increased risk for atherosclerosis. Seven apoE variants were found to be associated with other forms of hyperlipoproteinemia. This report presents an overview of all currently known apoE variants and their effects on lipoprotein metabolism. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Identification of polymorphisms in the constant region of IgG3: the missing mouse allotype

We have identified DNA sequence polymorphisms in the C3 genesof BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. One of these results in a SerGlyamino acid difference in C_H1 at position 129 according to theWu and Kabat numbering system. There are three additional silentsubstitutions in the coding region and two polymorphic nucleotidesin the 3' untranslated region. According to standard nomenclaturein which alleles are numbered according to the order of theiridentification, these C3 alleles are designated lgh-8^a and Igh-8^brespectively. We also describe two polymerase chain reaction-basedassays that identify the allelic differences.     

河北省汉族人群六个短串联重复序列基因座的遗传多态性

目的 对河北汉族群体6个短串联重复序列(short tandem repeat，STR)基因频率研究，以期得到河北汉族群体D7S820、D19S253、D12S391、D5S818、D16S539和D8S1179基因座的群体遗传学数据。方法 随机抽取173名河北省汉族人群无血缘关系个体的静脉血，应用PCR技术扩增上述6个短串联重复序列基因座，采用高分辨的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳，银染显色分析。结果 得到了河北汉族这6个位点的遗传多态分布。D7S820、D19S253、D12S391、D5S818、D16S539、D8S1179基因座的杂合度分别为：0．828、0．757、0．769、0．837、0．785、0．852。个体识别率分别为：0．914、0．919、0，940、0．909、0．917、0．944。非父排除率分别为：0．618、0．740、0．801、0．557、0，655、0．696。遗传多态性信息量分别为：0．771、0．760、0、762、0．708、0．776、0．794。结论 上述6个STR基因座基因频率分布与Hardy-Weinberg平衡吻合良好，在河北汉族群体中具有较高的非父排除率与个体识别率，在群体遗传学研究及法医学应用中有较高价值。