盐酸考福辛达罗帕特的合成

佛司可林经叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷保护羟基、脱乙酰基、与3-氯丙酰氯和二甲胺缩合得到(3R,4aR,5S,6S,6aS,10S,10aR,10bS)-3-乙烯基-5-(3-二甲胺基丙酰氧基)十二氢-6,10b-二羟基-3,4a,7,7,10a-五甲基-10-叔丁基二甲基硅氧基-1H-萘并[2,1-b]吡喃-1-酮,然后用乙腈水溶液重排、乙酰化、氟化四丁铵脱保护基和成盐精制得到盐酸考福辛达罗帕特,总收率12.5％.     

托吡酯及其类似物的合成

D-果糖经丙酮缩合后用硫酰氯氯磺酰化制得2,3:4,5-双-O-(1-甲基亚乙基)-β-D-吡喃果糖氯磺酸酯,再以碳酸铵进行氨解制得目标化合物托吡酯(1),总收率77%.按此方法制得1类似物1,2∶5,6-双-O-(1-甲基亚乙基)-α-D-呋喃葡萄糖氨基磺酸酯(2)和1,2∶3,4-双-O-(1-甲基亚乙基)-α-D-吡喃半乳糖氨基磺酸酯(3),总收率分别为45%和80%.     

（＋）-生物素的合成

(3aS,4S,6aR)-1,3-二苄基-6-(3-甲氧基丙基)四氢噻吩并[3,4-d]咪唑-2-酮在甲酸中和浓盐酸反应制得(3aR,8aS,8bS)-1,3-二苄基-2-氧代十氢咪唑并[4,5-c]噻吩并[1,2-α]氯化锍鎓盐,再经缩合开环、水解后脱羧得剑(+)-生物素,总收率73%.     

苯甲酸阿格列汀有关物质的合成

以苯甲酸阿格列汀(1)的工业化生产路线为基础,制备了苯甲酸阿格列汀的7个有关物质：2,2’-[[6-氯-3-甲基-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1,5(2H)-基]-二(亚甲基)]二苯甲腈(7)、2-[[5-溴-6-氯-3-甲基-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基]甲基]-苯甲腈(8)、2,2’-[[6-乙氧基-3-甲基-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1,5(2H)-基]-二(亚甲基)]二苯甲腈(9)、(R)-2-[[3-甲基-2,4-二氧代-6-[(哌啶-3-基)氨基]-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基]甲基]苯甲腈(10)、(R)-2-[[6-[3-[[3-(2-氰苄基)-1-甲基-2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-基]氨基]哌啶-1-基]-3-甲基-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基]甲基]苯甲腈(11)、(R)-2-[[3-甲基-6-[3-[(1-甲基-2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢嘧啶-4-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基]-2,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢嘧啶-1(2H)-基]甲基]苯甲腈(12)、(R)-N-[1-[3-(2-氰基苄...     

决明子中萘骈吡喃酮类衍生物的分离与鉴定

目的研究决明子(Cassia obtusifolia L.)的化学成分。方法综合运用多种色谱学分离手段进行分离纯化,根据化合物波谱学数据对其结构进行鉴定。结果从决明子中共分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为2-甲基-5,10-二羟基-8-甲氧基-4H-萘[1,2-b]吡喃-4-酮-10-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、demethylflavasperone gentiobioside(2)、去甲基红镰霉素-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、去甲基红镰霉素-6-O-β-D-(6'-O-乙酰基)吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、nor-rubrofusarin gentiobioside(5)。结论化合物1为新化合物。     

毛莲蒿中倍半萜类化学成分研究

研究蒿属植物毛莲蒿地上部分倍半萜类化学成分, 通过硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱、制备高效液相色谱等色谱方法分离得到12个倍半萜类成分, 经多种波谱方法鉴定其结构, 分别为negunfurol (1), schensianol A (2), artemine (3), eudesm-4(14)-en-12-oic acid, erivanin (4), 1,5-diepi-artemin (5), acetylartemin (6), naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one,6-(acetyloxy)- decahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylene-(3S,3aS,5aS,6S,9aS,9bS) (7), naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one,6-(acetyloxy)- 3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9b-octahydro-8-hydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethyl-(3S,3aS,5aR,6S,8S,9bS) (8), isoerivanin (9), barrelierin (10), (11S)-1- oxoeudesm-4(14)-eno-13,6α-lactone (11), 1-epi-dehydroisoeranin (12)。其中化合物1和2为首次从蒿属植物中分离得到, 其它化合物均为首次从毛莲蒿中分离得到。     

盐酸沃尼妙林的合成

截短侧耳素经苯磺酰化后经1-氨基-2-甲基丙-2-硫醇盐酸盐取代,得到[(2.氨基-1,1-二甲基乙基)硫基]乙酸(3aS,4R,5S,6S,8R,9R,9aR,10R)-6-乙烯基十氢-5-羟基-4,6,9,10-四甲基-1-氧代-3a,9-丙醇-3aH-环戊二烯并环辛烯-8-基酯(5).另用D-缬氨酸和乙酰乙酸甲酯反应后,与氯甲酸异丁酯成酸酐,与5成酰胺后用盐酸脱保护,制得抗生素盐酸沃尼妙林,总收率约为64%(以截短侧耳素计).     

Dolutegravir

<正>Dolutegravir是由葛兰素史克(GlaxoSmithKline,GSK)公司旗下的ViiV Healthcare HIV专业公司开发的抗HIV-1感染药物,商品名为Tivicay,临床上使用的是其钠盐,剂型为50 mg薄膜包衣片,于2013年8月12日获美国FDA批准上市[1]。Dolutegravir的中文化学名称:(4R,12aS)-9-{[(2,4-二氟苯基甲基)]甲酰胺}-4-甲基-6,8-二氧代-3,4,6,8,12,12a-六氢-2H-吡啶并[1',2'∶4,5]吡嗪并[2,1-b][1,3]口恶嗪-7-酚钠盐;英文化学名称:sodium(4R,     

他达拉非合成路线图解

<正>他达拉非(tadalafil,1),化学名称为(6R,12aR)-6-(1,3-苯并二氧戊环-5-基)-2-甲基-2,3,6,7,12,12a-六氢吡嗪并[1',2':1,6]吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-1,4-二酮,是由美国礼来公司(Eli Lilly and Company)研发的一种新型磷酸二酯酶Ⅴ(PDE-5)抑制剂,该药作为治疗性功能障碍的药物于2003年在美国首次上市,2009年有文献报     

奥美沙坦酯合成路线图解

奥美沙坦酯(olmesartan medoxomil,1),化学名为4-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)-2-丙基-1-[[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)联苯-4-基]甲基]咪唑-5-羧酸(5-甲基-2-氧代-1,3-二氧杂环戊烯-4-基)甲基酯,是由日本Sankyo公司研发的一种AT_1受体拮抗剂,2002年5月美国FDA批准用于治疗高血压.本品对不同程度的高血压降压作用均较好,患者耐受性好.     

Sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Artemisia vestita Wall.

A chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Artemisia vestita Wall. led to the isolation of 12 known sesquiterpenes, including 2 furan-containing sesquiterpenoids and 10 eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones. Their structures were identified as negunfurol (1), schensianol A (2), artemine (3), erivanin (4), 1,5-diepi-artemin (5), acetylartemin (6), naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one, 6-(acetyloxy)decahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylene-(3S,3aS,5aS,6S,9aS,9bS) (7), naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(3H)-one, 6-(acetyloxy)-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9b-octahydro-8-hydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethyl- (3S,3aS,5aR,6S,8S,9bS) (8), isoerivanin (9), barrelierin (10), (11S)-1-oxoeudesm-4(14)-eno-13,6α-lactone (11), 1-epi-dehydroisoeranin (12), respectively. All of these compounds were isolated from Artemisia vestita for the first time, and compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the genus Artemisia for the first time.     

康乐霉素C的结构测定

新抗生素康乐霉素Ｃ已从Ｎｏｃａｒｄｉａｍｅｄｉｔｅｒｒａｎｅｉｖａｒ．ｋａｎｇｌｅｎｓｉｓ１７４７－６４的发酵液中分离出来。它对革兰氏阳性菌有弱抗菌活性，但具有很强的免疫抑制作用。康乐霉紊Ｃ具有苯骄［ａ］惠的碳架，本文根据光谱分析和单晶Ｘ－衍射分析来阐明康乐霉素Ｃ的结构，确定为：［４ａＲ，６ａＲ，１２ａＲ，１２ｂＳ］ｏｒ［４ａＳ，６ａＳ，１２ａＳ，１２ｂＲ］－４ａ，５，６，６ａ，１２ａ，１２ｂｈｅｘａｈｙｄｒｏ－４ａ，８－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－３ｍｅｔｈｙｌｂｅｎｚ（ａ）ａｎｔｈｒａｃｅｎ－１，７，１２（４Ｈ）－ｔｒｉｏｎｅ．     

Pyrrole and indole alkaloids from an endophytic Fusarium incarnatum (HKI00504) isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum

Two new pyrrole alkaloids, N-[4-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-butyl]-acetamide (1) and N-[5-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-pentyl]-acetamide (2), and a new indole derivative (3aR,8aR)-3a-acetoxyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol (3) were isolated, together with ( - )-3a-hydroxyfuroindoline, (3aR,8aS)-1-acetyl-1,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol-3a-ol, and N-acetyltryptamine A, from an endophytic ascomycetous fungus, Fusarium incarnatum (HKI00504), which was isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum. The structures of compounds 1-3 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses.     

Pyrrole and indole alkaloids from an endophytic Fusarium incarnatum (HKI00504) isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum

Two new pyrrole alkaloids, N-[4-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-butyl]-acetamide (1) and N-[5-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-1-yl)-pentyl]-acetamide (2), and a new indole derivative (3aR,8aR)-3a-acetoxyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol (3) were isolated, together with ( - )-3a-hydroxyfuroindoline, (3aR,8aS)-1-acetyl-1,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo-[2,3-b]indol-3a-ol, and N-acetyltryptamine A, from an endophytic ascomycetous fungus, Fusarium incarnatum (HKI00504), which was isolated from the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum. The structures of compounds 1-3 were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses.     

Neuroleptic activity of chiral trans-hexahydro-gamma-carbolines

A series of trans-8-fluoro-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,4a,5, 9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indoles with various N-2 substituents has been prepared and tested for neuroleptic activity [( 3H]spiroperidol binding and amphetamine antagonism). Several members of this series showed exceptional in vivo potency, especially the hydantoin derivatives 27-30. Resolution into the enantiomers showed that neuroleptic activity is associated with the 4aS,9bS absolute configuration. These rigid neuroleptics have been correlated with other rigid neuroleptics [(+)-dexclamol, Ro 22-1319] and can serve to further define the topography of the dopamine receptor.     

Enhancement of hepatocellular genotoxicity of several mutagens from amino acid pyrolysates and broiled foods following ethanol pretreatment

The effect of subchronic ethanol ingestion on the genotoxicity and metabolism of the mutagens 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,5-b]indole (Trp-P-2), 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4- dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) was evaluated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed, for 8 days, liquid diets containing either ethanol (8%, v/v) or an isocaloric sucrose solution. Ethanol pretreatment significantly (P less than 0.05, Student's t test) enhanced the level of DNA repair stimulated by Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, IQ and MeIQ. Statistically significant increases in DNA-repair activity ranged from 1.9-fold for IQ to 3.4-fold for Glu-P-2. Following a 16-hr exposure, the concentration of parent mutagen in the culture medium decreased by 75-98%. Neither the rate of mutagen metabolism in hepatocyte cultures nor the extent of mutagenic activation in microsome preparations was appreciably affected by ethanol pretreatment. The results suggest that ethanol pretreatment enhances the genotoxicity of Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, IQ and MeIQ by inducing non-microsomal activation processes.     

Antibacterial alkaloids from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium

Two new dihydrobenzophenanthridine-type alkaloids, 6-methoxy dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[c] dioxolo[4,5- j]phenanthridine (1) and 2,3,13-trimethoxy-5,11a-dihydro dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[c]phenanthridine (2) were isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, together with four other previously known benzophenanthridine alkaloids, 6-acetonyldihydronitidine (3) [= 8-acetonyldihydronitidine], 6-acetonyldihydroavicine (4) [= 8-acetonyldihydroavicine], 6-acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (5) and xanthoxyline (6). The structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. For alkaloids 1 and 2 we propose the trivial names rhoifolines A and B. The crude plant extracts and the alkaloids 3, 4 and 6 showed activity against Gram (+/-) bacteria, while the new alkaloids 1 and 2 were inactive.     

Bioisosteric modification of salvinorin A, a potent and selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist

Salvinorin A ((2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS, 10bR)-2H-naphtho[2,1-c]pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 9-(acetyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo methyl ester, 1, CAS 83729-01-5) has been shown to bind with high affinity and selectivity to the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) as an agonist. Bioisosteres of 1 were developed and biologically evaluated in binding and functional assays. The C-2 thioacetate isoster produced comparable activity to 1, but nitrogen substitution had a diminishing effect. Intermediates, which lack a beta-carbonyl at C-2, displayed moderate affinity. The derivatives were tested against all opioid subtypes and were selective towards KOR.     

Design and synthesis of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating hexahydrofuropyranol-derived high affinity P(2) ligands: structure-activity studies and biological evaluation

The design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new series of hexahydrofuropyranol-derived HIV-1 protease inhibitors are described. We have designed a stereochemically defined hexahydrofuropyranol-derived urethane as the P2-ligand. The current ligand is designed based upon the X-ray structure of 1a-bound HIV-1 protease. The synthesis of (3aS,4S,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[2,3-b]pyran-4-ol, (-)-7, was carried out in optically active form. Incorporation of this ligand provided inhibitor 35a, which has shown excellent enzyme inhibitory activity and antiviral potency. Our structure-activity studies have indicated that the stereochemistry and the position of oxygens in the ligand are important to the observed potency of the inhibitor. Inhibitor 35a has maintained excellent potency against multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants. An active site model of 35a was created based upon the X-ray structure of 1b-bound HIV-1 protease. The model offers molecular insights regarding ligand-binding site interactions of the hexahydrofuropyranol-derived novel P2-ligand.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of some new[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one derivatives

Background

Homoisoflavonoids are naturally occurring compounds belong to flavonoid classes possessing various biological properties such as cytotoxicity. In this work, an efficient strategy for the synthesis of novel homoisoflavonoids, [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-ones, was developed and all compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities on three breast cancer cell lines.

Methods

Our synthetic route started from benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ol which was reacted with 3-bromopropanoic acid followed by the reaction of oxalyl chloride to afford 6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one. The aldol condensation of the later compound with aromatic aldehydes led to the formation of the title compounds. Five novel derivatives 4a-e were tested for their cytotoxic activity against three human breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231 using the MTT assay.

Results

Among the synthesized compounds, 7-benzylidene-6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one (4a) exhibited the highest activity against three cell lines. Also the analysis of acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining results revealed that 7-benzylidene-6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one (4a) and 7-(2-methoxybenzylidene)-6,7-dihydro-8H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-one (4b) induced apoptosis in T47D cell line.

Conclusion

Finally, the effect of methoxy group on the cytotoxicity of compounds 4b-4d was investigated in and it was revealed that it did not improve the activity of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]chromen-8-ones against MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231.