特发性黄斑裂孔手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图及光相干断层扫描的变化分析

目的 观察并分析特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH）患者手术前后的视力、多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）及光相干断层扫描（OCT）的变化特征，评估黄斑裂孔手术 疗效。 方法 收集2001年2月～2002年5月在我院行玻璃体切割术治疗IMH 的患者28例（28只眼），分别在手术前和手术后1、3、6、12个月时，对患者行视力、mfERG及OCT检查，并与正常对照组（33只眼）进行比较，对结果进行统计分析。 结果 （1）OCT显示手术后1个月内27只眼（96.43%）黄斑裂孔完全闭合，1年内无复发，1只眼（3.57%）1年内黄斑裂孔始终未闭合。（2）IMH眼手术后1年视力较手术前明显提高（P＜0.01），视力恢复主要在手术后6个月内。（3）IMH眼手术前mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度明显降低，典型三维地形图呈火山口样改变。手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加，持续到1年以后，三维地形图表现为中央峰逐渐恢复。手术后12个月时，1环和2环P1波反应密度较手术前明显增加（P＜0.05），但仍然低于正常对照组（P＜0.05）；而3、4、5环P1波反应密度始终未受明显影响（P＞0.05）。（4）27只眼手术后黄斑裂孔完全闭合后，经OCT测量的黄斑中心凹的视网膜神经上皮层（FRNEL）厚度在手术后1～12个月维持不变，且始终低于正常对照组（P＜0.01）。（5）IMH眼手术后12个月时，视力、mfERG一阶函数1环和2环的P1波反应密度、FRNEL之间均呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。 结论 玻璃体切割术是治疗IMH的有效 方法，视力、mfERG及OCT可以很好地评估黄斑裂孔的手术疗效，且三者间总体上具有一致性 。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：221-225）     

视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察视网膜内界膜剥离治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效. 方法 回顾分析25例25只眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法 分为2组,A组为单纯玻璃体切割手术,13例13只眼;B组为玻璃体切割手术加吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离,12例12只眼.所有患者行惰性气体填充,手术后保持面朝下体位7～15 d.观察最佳矫正分辨角对数(LogMAR)视力,检查眼底,光相干断层扫描(OCT)、B型超声检查视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合情况,比较两组间疗效差异.手术后随访6～18个月,平均随访时间10个月. 结果 A组13只眼中,7只眼手术后视网膜复位,占53.8%;B组12只眼中,11只眼手术后视网膜复位,占91.7%.B组视网膜复位率明显优于A组(X2=4.427,P=0.046);25只眼中,手术后黄斑裂孔闭合者17只眼,占68.0%.其中,A组13只眼中,6只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占A组患者的46.2%;B组12只眼中,11只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占B组患者的91.7%.两组患者手术后黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=5.940,P=0.020).A组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.32,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.045,P=0.041),B组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.53,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.481,P=0.012).两组间手术后视力差异无统计学意义(U=51.5,P=0.16). 结论玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术可能通过完全解除玻璃体黄斑牵引、增加视网膜顺应性而提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的治疗效果.显著增加视网膜复位率及黄斑裂孔闭合率.     

视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察视网膜内界膜剥离治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效. 方法 回顾分析25例25只眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法 分为2组,A组为单纯玻璃体切割手术,13例13只眼;B组为玻璃体切割手术加吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离,12例12只眼.所有患者行惰性气体填充,手术后保持面朝下体位7～15 d.观察最佳矫正分辨角对数(LogMAR)视力,检查眼底,光相干断层扫描(OCT)、B型超声检查视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合情况,比较两组间疗效差异.手术后随访6～18个月,平均随访时间10个月. 结果 A组13只眼中,7只眼手术后视网膜复位,占53.8%;B组12只眼中,11只眼手术后视网膜复位,占91.7%.B组视网膜复位率明显优于A组(X2=4.427,P=0.046);25只眼中,手术后黄斑裂孔闭合者17只眼,占68.0%.其中,A组13只眼中,6只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占A组患者的46.2%;B组12只眼中,11只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占B组患者的91.7%.两组患者手术后黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=5.940,P=0.020).A组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.32,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.045,P=0.041),B组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.53,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.481,P=0.012).两组间手术后视力差异无统计学意义(U=51.5,P=0.16). 结论玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术可能通过完全解除玻璃体黄斑牵引、增加视网膜顺应性而提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的治疗效果.显著增加视网膜复位率及黄斑裂孔闭合率.     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑裂孔的疗效观察

目的 评价玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除治疗黄斑裂孔的临床效果.方法对53例（53只眼）黄斑裂孔进行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除的临床资料进行回顾性分析.分析手术前后矫正远视力、黄斑裂孔的分期,术后裂孔是否闭合与术后视力预后的关系.结果相干光断层扫描观察形态恢复正常者42只眼,改善者8只眼,无改善者3只眼.12只眼术后出现一过性眼压升高.手术后裂孔闭合者视力都有不同程度提高.手术有效率94.3%,裂孔闭合率79.2%.结论使用玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,可以增加黄斑裂孔闭合率、提高患者术后视力.     

特发性黄斑裂孔的光学相干断层成像分析

目的：采用光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography,OCT）观察特发性黄斑裂孔（idiopathic macular hole,IMH）各期的图像特征及演变过程。方法：对199只眼（170例，其中29例双眼患者）IMH的OCT图像进行回顾性观察分析，进行随访观察。结果：Ⅰ期裂孔１６只眼（８％），表现为黄斑中心凹视网膜不同程度的囊样变性（７５％）或浅脱离（１５％）；Ⅱ期裂孔２０只眼（１０%）,OCT示黄斑中心凹旁中心破裂（８５％）和中心破裂（１５％）；Ⅲ期裂孔１２１只眼（６１％），表现为黄斑中心凹神经上皮层全层缺失；Ⅳ期裂孔、板层裂孔及双眼黄斑裂孔分别为２３只眼（１２％）、１９只眼（１０％）、２９只眼（１７％）。结论：OCT图像对观察IMH各期特征及演进过程具有重要的临床应用价值。     

黄斑裂孔指数与特发性黄斑裂孔手术视力预后的相关性分析

目的 评价黄斑裂孔指数(MHI)与特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)视网膜内界膜剥离手术后视力预后的相关性.方法 30例接受玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗的IMH患者的30只眼纳入研究.患者均进行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜及光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查确诊.OCT测量视网膜中心厚度,黄斑裂孔底径和高,计算黄斑裂孔高与底径比值,即MHI,并根据MHI大小将患者分为MHI≥0.5组和MHI＜0.5组.手术后随访3～24个月,平均随访时间10个月.将手术后BCVA与患者年龄、病程、MHI及手术前BCVA进行斯珀曼(Spearman)相关性分析,对MHI≥0.5组和MHI＜0.5组手术后BCVA差异进行独立样本设计定量资料t检验.结果 手术后30只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,闭合率为100%.患者手术后BCVA与MHI之间有相关性(r=0.852,P＜0.001),与年龄、病程等变量无相关性(r年龄=0.001,P=0.804;r病程=-0.001,P=0.579).MHI≥0.5组手术后视力好于MHI＜0.5组(t=5.552,P＜0.001).结论 MHI与IMH患者视网膜内界膜剥离手术后视力存在相关性,可作为其手术后视力的预测指标之一.     

光学相干断层扫描对黄斑"白孔"性视网膜脱离的疗效评价

目的使用光学相干断层扫描(opticalcoherencetomography,OCT)观察用不同眼内填充物(C3F8气体或硅油)治疗伴随视网膜脱离的高度近视性黄斑“白孔”的预后。方法对由于高度近视性黄斑“白孔”而发生视网膜脱离,并接受玻璃体切除联合眼内填充物注入术的29眼(C3F8填充的10眼、硅油填充的19眼)进行随访,使用OCT评价黄斑孔的愈合情况。结果经OCT检查证实,19眼经玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术治疗后黄斑裂孔成功闭合,其中8眼是在以C3F8填充后未愈,而再次行玻璃体切除手术并改用硅油填充治疗获成功。10只患眼以玻璃体切除联合C3F8填充手术后视网膜复位,但8只患眼黄斑孔未闭合。结论使用OCT检查可以帮助评价手术疗效。适当采用玻璃体切除联合眼内硅油填充手术有助于提高黄斑裂孔的闭合成功率。     

玻璃体切除手术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的效果分析

目的 探讨玻璃体切除手术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效及其影响因素.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.回顾性分析57例(58只眼)经玻璃体切除手术治疗的特发性黄斑裂孔患者的术前裂孔分期、裂孔面积、手术方式、术后裂孔闭合情况、视力改变等临床资料,分析手术效果及其可能的影响因素.采用SPSS 10.0统计学软件对数据进行处理.对两组间的正态分布连续变量资料,采用独立设计定量资料的t检验;对定性变量资料,采用R×C列联表分析;对有序变量资料,采用秩和检验.结果 57例(58只眼)特发性黄斑裂孔患者均进行了玻璃体切除手术联合10%C3F8填充.一次性手术后黄斑裂孔闭合44只眼(75.9%),术前裂孔面积0.01～0.85 mm2,平均0.20 mm2;裂孔未闭合14只眼(24.1%),术前裂孔面积0.08～3.16 mm2,平均0.69 mm2.术中联合视网膜内界膜(ILM)剥离36只眼,其中29只眼一次性手术后裂孔闭合(80.6%),26只眼术后视力提高或不变(72.2%);未联合ILM剥离22只眼,其中15只眼(68.2%)一次性手术后裂孔闭合,13只眼(59.1%)术后视力提高或不变.黄斑裂孔闭合眼与未闭合眼之间进行比较,裂孔面积(P=0.001)和最佳矫正视力改变(P=0.028)的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).其他因素并不能显著影响术后最佳矫正视力的改变.结论 玻璃体切除手术是治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的有效手段,术中联合ILM剥离并不能改善裂孔闭合率和视力预后,而裂孔面积却可能影响裂孔的闭合.     

内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的早期愈合观察

目的：探讨玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的早期愈合情况。方法：回顾分析了2001年1月～2003年10月在我院行手术治疗的特发性黄斑裂孔25例(25只限),所有病人均采用经平坦部玻璃体切除联合黄斑前膜和(或)内界膜剥离,气-液交换和16％全氟丙烷(C3F8)充填。术后保持面朝下体位至少2周。采用裂隙灯、前置镜,光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查观察手术后1个月内的黄斑裂孔的关闭情况。手术后第1周内每天检查,14、21和28d行常规裂隙灯前置镜检查;根据手术后玻璃体腔气体吸收的情况行OCT检查,当气体吸收超过50％,黄斑部露出时即行OCT检查。结果：25只眼中23只眼术中完整的撕除黄斑裂孔周围内界膜,2只眼未能完整撕除裂孔旁的内界膜。在手术后24—48h,23只眼裂隙灯及裂隙灯前置镜检查未发现黄斑裂孔的形态,1个月内的OCT检查证实23只眼黄斑裂孔均闭合．裂孔闭合率为92％,随访期间未发现裂孔再裂开现象。未闭合的2只眼均为手术中未能完整撕除内界膜眼,其中1只眼为3期黄斑裂孔,1只眼为4期黄斑裂孔,在随访期间未见裂孔关闭。术后早期黄斑裂孔关闭的23只眼的OCT形态主要表现为：正常的中心凹形态(简单闭合)15只眼(65,2％),桥样结构8只眼(34．8％)。结论：大部分特发性黄斑裂孔在手术后早期即已关闭,提示特发性黄斑裂孔在形成过程中不伴局部的视网膜组织缺损或缺损极少,手术解除玻璃体,特别是内界膜的机械牵拉后视网膜可复位,裂孔闭合。     

微创玻璃体切割术治疗高度近视性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效

目的：观察微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗高度近视性黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离(macular hole retinal detachment,MHRD)的临床效果。

方法：回顾性非随机临床研究。纳入2011-01/2016-12我院高度近视MHRD患者26例26眼,所有患者均行标准三通道经睫状体平坦部23G微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术。术后定期进行最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯眼前节和眼底检查,并用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查黄斑裂孔解剖情况。以发病年龄、裂孔Gass分期、发病天数、裂孔闭合形态(W、V、U型)、初始视力5项作为自变量进行Logistic回归分析,探讨影响术后BCVA的因素。

结果：高度近视MHRD术后黄斑裂孔(macular hole,MH)闭合率为58%。依据OCT图像,将高度近视MHRD术后OCT闭合形态分为3类：U型(3眼),相对正常的中心凹形状; V型(4眼),黄斑中心凹较陡; W型(8眼),黄斑中心凹处神经上皮缺损,但裂孔缘未翘起,无囊腔形成。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,术后预后视力提高与裂孔闭合OCT形态和初始视力相关(P<0.05),术后U型裂孔闭合视力提高是W型的6.9倍。

结论：微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术是治疗高度近视MHRD的有效方式。高度近视MHRD术后视力提高与黄斑裂孔愈合的OCT形态和初始视力相关。     

Optical coherence tomography of successfully repaired idiopathic macular holes

PURPOSE: To present the cross-sectional retinal imaging results of optical coherence tomography in eyes with successfully repaired idiopathic macular hole and their relevance to visual recovery. METHODS: We studied 33 eyes with successful repair of an idiopathic macular hole through vitrectomy and fluid-gas exchange from 32 patients (11 men and 21 women) with ages ranging from 48 to 78 years, with a median age of 66 years. Preoperative conditions in eyes with primary surgery disclosed nine eyes with stage 2, 14 eyes with stage 3, and four eyes with stage 4 macular hole. An additional six eyes underwent a second surgery because the previous surgery was unsuccessful. Measurement of best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy with fundus contact lens, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomographic examination were performed between 6 and 9 months after surgery in 29 eyes and between 15 and 36 months after surgery in four eyes. RESULTS: Optical coherence tomographic images of the repaired macular holes were categorized into three patterns. U-type (normal foveal contour; 13 eyes) showed mildly to moderately backscattering layers with a smooth circular surface covering retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris layers. In eyes with V-type (steep foveal contour; 13 eyes), the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris layers were covered with moderately backscattering layers with a notch. W-type (foveal defect of neurosensory retina; seven eyes) showed abruptly or gradually terminating sensory retinal layers to expose the surface of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris layers. Postoperative acuity was well correlated with these patterns of optical coherence tomographic images. CONCLUSION: Assessment of successfully repaired idiopathic macular holes with optical coherence tomographic images provides a useful correlation with postoperative visual recovery.     

Macular configuration determined by optical coherence tomography after idiopathic macular hole surgery with or without internal limiting membrane peeling

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling on the closure and configuration of idiopathic macular holes (IMH). METHODS: PPV was performed for IMH on 44 eyes with ILM peeling (ILM peeled group) and on 42 eyes without ILM removal (ILM preserved group). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed on 34 ILM peeled eyes and 14 ILM preserved eyes after successful surgery. The repaired macular holes were classified by the OCT images as being of "good shape" (nearly normal foveal contour) or "poor shape" (abnormal foveal contour with flat fovea and steep edge, or with a thick retina without a foveal pit). RESULTS: The anatomical closure rate was significantly higher in the ILM peeled group (93.2%) than in the ILM preserved group (76.2%) (p = 0.028). In the ILM peeled group, 31 eyes had a fovea of good shape and three eyes had a fovea with a poor shape, while in the ILM preserved group, six eyes had a fovea of good shape and eight eyes had a fovea of poor shape. The percentage of eyes with good macular configuration in the ILM peeled group was significantly higher than in the ILM preserved group (p = 0.0003). No significant difference was found in the postoperative visual acuity and the increase of visual acuity between the ILM peeled group and the ILM preserved group (p = 0.26, and p = 0.91 respectively). There was also no significant difference in the postoperative visual acuity and improvement in visual acuity between eyes with a fovea of good shape and those with fovea of poor shape fovea (p = 0.99 and p = 0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: ILM peeling may provide better anatomical success and recovery of the macular shape, but the postoperative visual acuity and improvement of visual acuity were not related to the morphological results.     

Fundus autofluorescence related to retinal morphological and functional changes in idiopathic macular holes

Purpose: To investigate fundus autofluorescence (FAF) characteristics in relation to morphological and functional features of idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 consecutive patients with stage 3 or 4 macular holes were included. Fundus autofluorescence images were obtained using the Heidelberg retina angiograph 2, retinal structure was evaluated with 3‐dimensional (3‐D) imaging of Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT), and retinal function was assessed with microperimetry‐1 (MP‐1). Results: Markedly increased FAF in the foveal centre corresponding to the macular hole, confirmed with FD‐OCT, was demonstrated in all eyes. A surrounding hypoautofluorescent ring corresponded to the subretinal fluid cuff. The area of relatively reduced FAF around the ring corresponded precisely to retinal oedema. In 15 eyes (75%), a stellate appearance with dark radiating striae was seen in the relatively reduced FAF and was correlated with intraretinal cystic changes in the outer plexiform layer, observed by FD‐OCT. Mean preoperative visual acuity was significantly poorer in eyes without a stellate appearance than in those with a stellate appearance (p = 0.023). The MP‐1 study confirmed impaired retinal function in the macular hole bed and in the area of the fluid cuff and retinal oedema. Conclusions: Fundus autofluorescence imaging reflects anatomic changes and represents the dysfunctional retinal area in IMH. The technique provides 2‐D images with 3‐D information on the retinal morphology of this disease.     

Prevalence and characteristics of foveal retinal detachment without macular hole in high myopia

PURPOSE: To report the prevalence of foveal retinal detachment without macular hole in a large number of highly myopic eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to clarify the demographic characteristics associated with foveal retinal detachment in these eyes. DESIGN: A consecutive, prospective, observational case series. METHODS: In 134 eyes of 78 consecutive patients with high myopia (refractive error of -8 diopters or more), we performed complete ophthalmic examinations and studied cross-sectional images of the macula with OCT. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (group 1, n = 78 eyes of 45 patients) or absence (group 2, n = 56 eyes of 33 patients) of posterior staphyloma. Slit-lamp examination with a Goldmann three-mirror lens indicated that none of the eyes had a macular hole. RESULTS: In seven of 78 eyes (9.0%) with posterior staphyloma (group 1), OCT revealed foveal retinal detachment. Two of the seven eyes had foveal retinoschisis. Optical coherence tomography revealed no retinal detachment or retinoschisis in any eye without posterior staphyloma (group 2). Visual acuity of the seven eyes with foveal retinal detachment ranged from 20/40 to 20/200. Two of the seven eyes had visual acuity 20/50 or better. No patients complained of recent, progressive visual impairment. All seven eyes with foveal retinal detachment had severe myopic fundus changes (focal chorioretinal atrophy or bare sclera). CONCLUSIONS: In highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma, the prevalence of foveal retinal detachment without macular hole was 9.0%. In eyes with this type of retinal detachment, visual acuity varies and foveal retinal detachment tends to be missed on routine examination. Periodic examination using OCT is recommended for highly myopic eyes with severe myopic degenerative changes and posterior staphyloma.     

保留黄斑中心凹的内界膜剥除术联合空气填充治疗中等直径特发性黄斑裂孔

目的　观察保留黄斑中心凹内界膜剥除术联合空气填充治疗直径为250~400 μm的特发性黄斑裂孔（idiopathic macular hole，IMH）临床疗效。方法　收集2014年1月至2016年1月确诊为Ⅳ期IMH经光学相干断层扫描（optical coherence tomography，OCT)测量裂孔最小直径为250~400 μm的患者45例45眼，随机分为常规内界膜剥除组（常规组）22眼及保留中心凹内界膜剥除组（保留组）23眼。所有患者均行23G玻璃体切割术，常规组剥除后极部包括黄斑区内界膜至血管弓，保留组则保留以黄斑中心凹为圆心300~400 μm直径的内界膜，全气-液交换后无菌空气填充。手术后随访时间为（21.52±5.68）个月，观察术后两组黄斑裂孔闭合及最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity，BCVA）情况。结果　常规组与保留组患者术前黄斑裂孔直径分别为（337.77±34.54）μm和（324.87±31.95）μm；黄斑裂孔指数分别为0.53±0.09和0.51±0.08，BCVA LogMAR分别为0.95±0.20、1.30±0.26，两组间比较，差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。末次随访时，常规组与保留组黄斑裂孔闭合率分别为95.45%和100.00%，差异无统计学意义（P=0.489）。常规组、保留组患眼BCVA LogMAR分别为0.72±0.15、0.49±0.11，均低于术前，差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）；保留组患眼BCVA LogMAR低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（t=-5.849，P<0.001）。结论　常规内界膜剥除术与保留黄斑中心凹的内界膜剥除联合空气填充对于治疗直径为250~400 μm Ⅳ期IMH成功率较高，行保留黄斑中心凹内界膜的剥除术患者术后视力改善情况要好于常规内界膜剥除术。     

Foveal dysplasia evident by optical coherence tomography in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To describe the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings for patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Clinical records, fundus photographs, and OCT findings for consecutive patients aged 8 years and older who had a history of ROP were reviewed. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, central foveal thickness (CFT), macular anatomy, and foveal contour by OCT. RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 12 patients (median age, 15 years) were studied. Median gestational age at birth was 25 weeks. Six eyes had received peripheral retinal ablation for threshold ROP. Median best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 (range, 20/20 to counting fingers). CFT was >220 microm in 70% of eyes and >240 microm in 35% of eyes. In all eyes, foveal contour was abnormal, with foveal depression either absent (n = 7 [35%]) or shallow (n = 13 [65%]). Preservation of multiple inner retinal layers within the fovea was seen in 14 eyes (70%). Vitreomacular traction or subretinal fluid was not seen in any eye. CONCLUSIONS: Anomalies in foveal anatomy by OCT may be a vestige of prematurity, appear to be independent of prior retinopexy, and can still be associated with excellent visual acuity.     

视网膜分支动脉阻塞的光相干断层扫描病理形态学改变

目的 观察视网膜分支动脉阻塞（BRAO）的光相干断层扫描（OCT）病理形态学改变特征。 方法 对2002年12月至2005年6月在本中心确诊的BRAO患者26例（26只眼）进行OCT检查，所有患者发病2周内。OCT检查采用水平或垂直线性扫描，扫描部位为黄斑区、后极部视网膜，测量黄斑中心小凹视网膜厚度，用方差分析比较不同阻塞部位黄斑区视网膜厚度，用Pearson相关分析分析视网膜厚度与视力的关系。 结果 26只BRAO眼中，9只眼为颞上支动脉阻塞，8只眼为颞下支动脉阻塞，7只眼为小动脉阻塞，2只眼为睫状视网膜动脉阻塞；OCT活体病理改变的图像特征表现为受阻塞动脉供应的视网膜部位全层视网膜厚度增加、反射增强，光感受器暗区增宽（水肿）；黄斑中心凹水肿不明显；其余部位视网膜OCT图像正常；视网膜颞上支动脉阻塞、视网膜颞下支动脉阻塞和视网膜小动脉阻塞黄斑中心小凹视网膜平均厚度分别是(161.11±17.66)、(148.38±18.48)、(136.29±14.94) μm（F＝4.137，P＝0.031）。24只眼黄斑中心小凹视网膜厚度与视力进行相关分析，r＝0.285，P＝0.176。 结论 OCT可以无创伤地在活体上观察BRAO的视网膜组织病理改变，BRAO黄斑中心小凹视网膜厚度增加不明显且与视力无相关关系。OCT适用于不允许进行FFA检查的高龄或合并全身病的BRAO患者，其独特的活体病理形态改变可以为临床即时诊断提供客观依据。 (中华眼底病杂志，2007，23：173-176)