后程立体定向适形加速放射治疗非小细胞肺癌近期疗效分析

目的　观察后程立体定向适形加速放射治疗非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和急性放射反应。方法　 13 7例非小细胞肺癌患者进入本研究 ,放射治疗分为常规放射治疗和后程立体定向适形加速推量治疗 2个阶段进行 ,常规放射治疗 40Gy后 ,改用后程立体定向适形加速推量照射 ,3～ 4Gy/次 ,1次 /d ,5次 /周 ,共治疗 7～ 10次 ,总剂量至 68～ 70Gy。结果　 13 7例中 ,13 2例按计划完成治疗 ,近期疗效为完全缓解 16 7% ( 2 2 / 13 2 ) ,部分缓解 68 9% ( 91/ 13 2 ) ,总有效率 85 6% (CR PR) ;放射性食管炎的发生率为 71 9% ( 95 /13 2 ) ,放射性肺炎发生率为 2 2 0 %。结论　后程立体定向适形加速放射治疗非小细胞肺癌 ,近期疗效肯定 ,急性副反应绝大多数患者可以耐受 ,远期疗效和晚期并发症有待进一步的观察。     

Outcomes of High-Dose Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy to All/Multiple Sites for Oligometastatic Renal Cell Cancer Patients

Background: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is one of the treatment options for oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but is limited by a lack of data to evaluate high-dose SABR to all/multiple sites. Objective: This study retrospectively investigated the efficacy and prognostic factors of high-dose SABR for oligometastatic RCC patients. Design, setting, and participants: Patients with oligometastatic RCC on systemic therapy were retrospectively collected. Intervention(s): All patients were treated with SABR (40–50 Gy/5 fractions) for small tumors or partial-SABR (tumor center boosted with 6–8 Gy/3–5 fractions with 50–60 Gy/20–25 fractions to the whole tumor volume) for bulky tumors or tumors adjacent to critical organs. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Results and limitations: In total, 35 patients were enrolled, of which 88.5% had intermediate- or high-risk disease, with 60% on second- to fourth-line systemic therapy. The median follow-up time was 17 months. The median PFS and OS times were 11.3 and 29.7 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that an OS benefit was found in patients who received radiation before tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) failure (p = 0.006) and where there was a short time interval (<six months) from being diagnosed with metastatic disease to undergoing radiotherapy (p = 0.046). Similar results were also found in PFS in patients who received radiation before TKI failure (p = 0.049) or within eight months (p = 0.047). There were certain differences in PFS (p = 0.033) between patients receiving radiotherapy with all lesions and those with selected tumors. In multivariate analysis, OS benefits were found in patients who received radiotherapy before TKI failure (p = 0.028). The limitations of this study include its retrospective design and the small patient cohort. Conclusions: The early use of high-dose SABR to multi-lesions may improve survival. Partial-SABR for bulky lesions close to critical organs could be safely and effectively applied under certain circumstances.     

早期非小细胞肺癌的放射治疗

在早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中,有部分患者因各种原因采用单纯放射治疗.多数学者认为,其照射剂量应不低于60Gy.靶区范围的制定,要结合肿瘤的生物学规律和患者的具体情况,体现治疗的个体化.超分割和大剂量分割放射治疗在一定程度上提高了NSCLC的疗效.立体定向放射治疗为早期NSCLC的治疗提供了一种新的治疗手段,初步的临床实践表明是安全、可行的.     

Long-term Overall Survival Outcomes in Patients with Early Stage,Peripherally Located,Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in a Non-academic Cancer Centre

AimsTo report long-term outcomes of patients treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for early stage, peripherally located non-small cell lung cancer.Materials and methodsData were collected retrospectively between September 2009 and May 2019. Electronic medical records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, treatment details and outcomes. All patients were treated according to local protocol based on the national UK SABR Consortium guidelines. Risk-adapted treatment schedules were used depending on the size and the location of the tumour (54 Gy in three fractions, 55 Gy in five fractions, 60 Gy in eight fractions or 50 Gy in 10 fractions). Overall survival outcomes were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsIn total, 412 patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 76 years (range 48–93 years). Histological confirmation was obtained in 233 cases (56.6%). The median overall survival for all patients was 42.3 months (95% confidence interval 37.3–47.3 months), with 3- and 5-year overall survival of 52.8% and 37.3%, respectively. For biopsy-proven patients (56.6%), 3- and 5-year overall survival was 57.3% and 40.1%, respectively. With respect to overall survival, univariate and multivariate analysis revealed no significant difference in survival by technique (volume-modulated arc therapy versus conformal; three-dimensional computed tomography versus four-dimensional computed tomography), tumour location, smoking status at first contact, pre-treatment tumour stage or pre-treatment standardised uptake value. Survival was poorer for patients who received the 50 Gy in 10 fractions schedule. Treatment was very well tolerated with very low rates of grade 3–4 toxicity (1%).ConclusionsSABR for peripherally located, medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer can be safely and effectively implemented in a non-academic institution with appropriate equipment and training. Overall survival outcomes and toxicity rates are comparable with internationally published studies. Patients treated with 50 Gy in 10 fractions had a poorer survival outcome.     

CBCT图像引导下SBRT治疗肺部原发灶或转移灶的初步研究

[目的]评价CBCT图像引导技术下SBRT治疗原发性肺癌或肺转移瘤的安全性和初步疗效。[方法]2012年8月至2013年10月共9例患者在浙江省肿瘤医院接受CBCT图像引导下SBRT胸部放疗,中位年龄68岁。每次照射前行KV级CBCT扫描并在线配准。每次照射剂量5．0～12．5Gv．每日1次,中位照射次数8次（4～10次）;BED76．8～112．5Gy（中位96Gy）。[结果]9例患者均安全完成放疗,总有效率为77．8％。其中CR1例（11．1％）,PR6例（66．7％）,SD2例（22．2％）,无PD患者,未出现3度以上放射性毒副反应。中位随访8．8个月（1．3～14．6个月）,1年局部控制率及总生存率分别为88．9％和100％。[结论]CBCT图像引导下SBRT治疗早期肺癌或肺转移瘤近期疗效明确．毒副反应低．远期疗效有待进一步随访。     

卡铂为主化疗同步结合放射治疗非小细胞肺癌

[目的]观察卡铂为主的化疗方案同步结合放射治疗非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效.[方法]选择NSCLC患者100例随机进入放化疗同步治疗组和放疗化疗序贯治疗组,两组病例均给予常规放疗,同步组放疗开始的1、4、8、12周给予化疗(卡铂加氟尿嘧啶);序贯组在放射治疗结束后给予4个周期的化疗(卡铂、丝裂霉素加长春新碱).[结果]同步组和序贯组的近期疗效有效率分别为82%和64%;1、3、5年生存率、中位生存期分别为76%、32%、15.7%、28个月和62%、22%、9.9%、18.6个月,两组差异有显著性(x2=4.373,P＜0.05).两组患者的毒副反应主要为可逆性骨髓抑制、放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎,两组发生率相似.[结论]卡铂为主的化疗同步结合放射治疗NSCLC效果好于放疗后化疗的序贯治疗.     

三维适形低分割放射治疗110例非小细胞肺癌

[目的]探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)三维适形低分割放射治疗(3D-CHRT)的疗效和有关影响因素.[方法]110例因内科或外科原因不能手术或患者不同意手术非小细胞肺癌,采用美国Varian 6MeV直线加速器,美国Renderplan三维治疗计划系统,单次剂量5Gy～10Gy(中位剂量6Gy),总剂量30Gy～48Gy(中位剂量40Gy).[结果]获CR 62例,PR 38例,NC 7例和PD 3例,总有效率为89.1%,1年生存率74.5%,严重并发症为大咳血(3例).[结论]立体定向适形放射治疗是NSCLC的有效治疗方法.影响治疗效果的主要因素是期别、病理类型和肿瘤大小.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的鳞癌,肿瘤长径小者疗效较好;单次大剂量照射易引起严重并发症.     

非小细胞肺癌的放射治疗进展

非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）放射治疗的研究进展包括三个方面。局部晚期病例的化放综合治疗,序贯化放疗能够提高生存率,化疗能够降低过远处转移率,对局部控制率没有显示明显的作用。而同时化放疗是治疗NSCLC很有希望的方法。非小细胞肺癌术后放疗的研究显示,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期病例术后放疗对总生存率有负相影响,放疗组非肿瘤死亡的增加。ⅢA期病例因单纯手术后复发和死亡率高,有必要地行要后辅助治疗,但术后放疗对局部控制率和生存率的作用仍不清楚。3D－CRT治疗的适应证、最佳治疗体积（靶区）、总剂量和分割剂量正在临床研究探索之中。其最终临床治疗价值－对局部控制率和生存率的作用,需要临床资料的积累和验证。     

后程立体定向适形放射治疗加化疗治疗局限性晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床探讨

目的:探讨后程立体定向适形放射治疗加化疗治疗局限性晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及患者的耐受性.方法:48例患者于治疗前4周行常规分割放射治疗,每天2Gy,每周5次,DT 40Gy,后2周针对肿瘤局部行立体定向适形放射治疗,DT 24Gy～30Gv(分割剂量4Gy～5Gy,每周3次),与此同时,于第1周和第5周采用NP方案共2周期,异长春碱(NVB):25mg/m2第1和第8天静脉推注,顺铂(DDP):30mg第1至第3天静脉滴注.结果:全部患者均能完成治疗计划,CR 16.7%,PR 75.0%,总有效率(CR PR)91.7%.1、2、3年局控率分别为87.5%、50.0%和35.7%,1、2、3年生存率分别为87.5%、46.7%和28.6%,急性造血系统和胃肠道的反应较重,对症处理后均能耐受.结论:后程立体定向适形放射治疗加化疗治疗局限性晚期非小细胞肺癌有提高总生存率的趋势.     

立体定向放射治疗在改善早期非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能及预后中的应用价值

目的 探讨立体定向放射治疗在改善早期非小细胞肺癌患者肺功能及预后方面的应用价值.方法 选取早期非小细胞肺癌患者66例,依据随机分配原则分为观察组和对照组,每组33例.对照组患者给予常规放疗治疗,剂量为1.5～2.5 Gy/次,1次/d,5次/周,放疗总剂量不超过75 Gy.观察组患者给予立体定向放射治疗,剂量为4.5 ～6Gy/次,1次/d,5次/周,放疗总剂量不超过60 Gy.应用肺功能检测仪评估患者放疗前后肺功能,检测肺功能指标包括肺活量(FVC)、1秒用力呼气量(FEV1.0)、1秒峰值流速(PFR).治疗后随访3年,统计分析2组患者治疗效果、肺功能和3年生存率.结果 放疗后,观察组患者治疗缓解有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组患者FVC、FEV1.0、PFR指标水平均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组患者第1、2、3年生存率均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 立体定向放射治疗可有效提高早期非小细胞肺癌的治疗效果,缓解临床症状,改善癌患者肺功能和提高患者生存率,值得临床进一步推广.     

大分割立体定向放射治疗对非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤的疗效评估

背景与目的：立体定向放疗（stereotacticradiotherapv,SRT）与全脑放疗（wholebrainradiationtherapy’WBRT）是治疗脑转移瘤的主要手段。本文旨在探讨伽玛射线大分割SRT加或不加WBRT对肺癌有限脑转移瘤治疗的疗效。方法：回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌多发脑转移瘤（1～4枚）患者66例,其中单纯SRT30例,SRT＋WBRT36例。分析两组患者的临床特征并应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率．用Logrank法对各因素进行预后分析。结果：两组患者的临床特点无明显区别：SRT组与WBRT＋SRT组的中位生存期（MST）分别为12．1与1313个月,二者无显著性差异（P=0．216）。Logrank分析显示卡氏评分（P=0．017）和颅外病变的控制情况（P=0．032）是影响预后的主要因素。结论：SRT是非小细胞肺癌有限脑转移瘤患者有效治疗手段．单纯SRT可取得与WBRT＋SRT相似的生存期．     

Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Dose Escalation in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Peripheral Lung Tumors

Background

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a dose escalation method for the treatment of peripheral lung tumors by administrating steep dose gradients in the target volumes via stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

放疗同期服用"三阳血傣"治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌

[目的]评价放疗期间同期服用三阳血傣口服液对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌放射治疗疗效的影响.[方法]2001年10月～2003年10月,来自6个研究中心符合人组条件的72例病例按ⅢA/ⅢB分期分层随机分为试验组(放射治疗 三阳血傣)和对照组(放射治疗 安慰剂).放射治疗采用6MV～15MV的X线,治疗靶区包括原发病灶和区域淋巴结区,常规剂量分割,治疗剂量60Gy～70Gy,脊髓受量不超过40Gy;试验组同期口服三阳血傣口服液:每次两支(10ml/支),每日3次;对照组同期口服与三阳血傣口服液外观相似的安慰剂;按WHO实体瘤疗效(双径法)和毒性评价标准,评价靶病灶反应率和早期毒性反应;按孙燕教授等编制的中国肿瘤病人生活质量评分标准比较治疗前后的生活质量,并比较卡氏评分和体重变化;用X2检验比较两组构成和疗效差异.[结果]可评价61例中试验组和对照组靶病灶总有效率(缩小＞50%),生活质量评分、卡氏评分及体重的改善和稳定率(治疗后减治疗前≥0)分别为:77.42%和53.33%(95%CI 77.42±14.72和53.33±17.85;P=0.048)、58.06%和56.67%(95%CI 58.06±17.37和56.67±17.37,P=0.912)、87.10%和73.33.%(95%CI 87.10±11.80和73.33±17.85,P=0.173)、61.29%和36.67%(95%CI 61.29±17.15和36.67±17.24,P=0.054),按治疗中心、年龄、性别、肿瘤组织类型、临床分期分层分析显示:男性的靶病灶有效率差异有统计学意义(P=0.006);全组除两组各1例3级放射性肺炎和试验组1例3级白细胞降低外,未见严重早期毒性反应.[结论]初步结果显示:放疗同期口服三阳血傣有提高靶病灶即期反应率和减少体重下降的趋势;服药安全,未增加放疗早期不良反应.     

SBRT治疗早期非小细胞肺癌的研究进展

肺癌仍处于恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率的首位,非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是肺癌的主体,NSCLC患者中有15%~25%可以被早期发现(ⅠA或ⅠB期),而且随着影像诊断技术的发展,这个比例在不断升高。目前针对能够耐受手术的早期NSCLC患者的标准治疗仍然是手术。但是,早期NSCLC患者中只有约60%可以耐受根治性手术。对于不能耐受手术的早期NSCLC患者,以往,认为传统放疗(1.8~2.0 Gy/次,1次/天,6~7周)是其标准治疗方法,但是疗效欠佳;有研究证明传统放疗效果不佳是由于局部剂量不足。目前,几项长期随访研究都证明体部立体定向放射治疗(SBRT)对不能手术的Ⅰ/Ⅱ期NSCLC患者有效并且安全,SBRT已经成为不能手术的早期NSCLC患者的标准治疗方法。对于能够手术的病人,SBRT也逐步成为一种可以替代手术的治疗方法。