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1.
Katarina Steding-Ehrenborg Robert Jablonowski Per M Arvidsson Marcus Carlsson Bengt Saltin H?kan Arheden 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2013,15(1):96
Background
The effects on left and right ventricular (LV, RV) volumes during physical exercise remains controversial. Furthermore, no previous study has investigated the effects of exercise on longitudinal contribution to stroke volume (SV) and the outer volume variation of the heart. The aim of this study was to determine if LV, RV and total heart volumes (THV) as well as cardiac pumping mechanisms change during physical exercise compared to rest using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods
26 healthy volunteers (6 women) underwent CMR at rest and exercise. Exercise was performed using a custom built ergometer for one-legged exercise in the supine position during breath hold imaging. Cardiac volumes and atrio-ventricular plane displacement were determined. Heart rate (HR) was obtained from ECG.Results
HR increased during exercise from 60±2 to 94±2 bpm, (p<0.001). LVEDV remained unchanged (p=0.81) and LVESV decreased with −9±18% (p<0.05) causing LVSV to increase with 8±3% (p<0.05). RVEDV and RVESV decreased by −7±10% and −24±14% respectively, (p<0.001) and RVSV increased 5±17% during exercise although not statistically significant (p=0.18). Longitudinal contribution to RVSV decreased during exercise by −6±15% (p<0.05) but was unchanged for LVSV (p=0.74). THV decreased during exercise by −4±1%, (p<0.01) and total heart volume variation (THVV) increased during exercise from 5.9±0.5% to 9.7±0.6% (p<0.001).Conclusions
Cardiac volumes and function are significantly altered during supine physical exercise. THV becomes significantly smaller due to decreases in RVEDV whilst LVEDV remains unchanged. THVV and consequently radial pumping increases during exercise which may improve diastolic suction during the rapid filling phase. 相似文献2.
Kanna Posina Jeannette McLaughlin Peter Rhee Laura Li Joshua Cheng William Schapiro Ronald J Gulotta Andrew D Berke George A Petrossian Nathaniel Reichek Jie J Cao 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2013,15(1):99
Background
Left atrial volume (LAV) and emptying fraction (LAEF) are phasic during cardiac cycle. Their relationships to left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) have not been fully defined.Methods
Forty one patients undergoing clinically indicated left heart catheterization were recruited for same day cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). LAV and LAEF were assessed in cine images using biplane area and length method. Three phasic LAV was assessed at LV end systole (LAVmax), LV end diastole (LAVmin) and late LV diastole prior to LA contraction (LAVac). LAEF was assessed as global LAEF (LAEFTotal), passive (LAEFPassive) and active LAEF (LAEFContractile). The relationships of phasic LAV and LAEF to LVEDP were assessed using Receiver operating characteristic comparing areas under the curves (AUC).Results
The mean age of the patients was 59 years. A history of heart failure was present in 16 (39%) with NYHA functional class III or IV in 8 (20%) patients. Average LV ejection fraction was 49 ± 16% ranging from 10% to 74% and LVEDP by catheterization 14 ± 8 mmHg ranging from 4 mmHg to 32 mmHg. LAVmin had the strongest association with LVEDP elevation (>12 mmHg) (AUC 0.765, p = 0.002), as compared to LAVmax (AUC 0.677, p = 0.074) and LAVac (AUC 0.735, p = 0.008). Among three phasic LAEF assessed, LAEFTotal had the closest association with LVEDP elevation (AUC 0.780, p = 0.001), followed by LAEFContractile (AUC 0.698, p = 0.022) and LAEFPassive (AUC 0.656, p = 0.077).Conclusions
Increased LAVmin and decreased LAEFTotal have the best performance in identifying elevated LVEDP among three phasic LAV and LAEF analyzed. Future studies should further characterize LA phasic indices in clinical outcomes. 相似文献3.
Susan A. Saliba Ted Croy Rebecca Guthrie Dustin Grooms Arthur Weltman Terry L. Grindstaff 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2010,5(2):63-73
Background
The transversus abdominis (TrA) is a spine stabilizer frequently targeted during rehabilitation exercises for individuals with low back pain (LBP). Performance of exercises on unstable surfaces is thought to increase muscle activation, however no research has investigated differences in TrA activation when stable or unstable surfaces are used.Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether TrA activation in individuals with LBP is greater when performing bridging exercises on an unstable surface versus a stable surface.Methods
Fifty one adults (mean ± SD, age 23.1 ± 6.0 years, height 173.60 ± 10.5 cm, mass 74.7 ± 14.5 kg) with stabilization classification of LBP were randomly assigned to either exercise progression utilizing a sling bridge device or a traditional bridging exercise progression, each with 4 levels of increasing difficulty. TrA activation ratio (TrA contracted thickness/TrA resting thickness) was measured during each exercise using ultrasound imaging. The dependent variable was the TrA activation ratio.Results
The first 3 levels of the sling-based and traditional bridging exercise progression were not significantly different. There was a significant increase in the TrA activation ratio in the sling-based exercise group when bridging was performed with abduction of the hip (1.48 ± .38) compared to the traditional bridge with abduction of the hip (1.22 ± .38; p<.05).Conclusion
Both types of exercise result in activation of the TrA, however, the sling based exercise when combined with dynamic movement resulted in a significantly higher activation of the local stabilizers of the spine compared to traditional bridging exercise. This may have implications for rehabilitation of individuals with LBP. 相似文献4.
Antonio Cejudo Francisco Ayala Pilar Sainz De Baranda Fernando Santonja 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2015,10(7):976-983
Background
An inadequate level of flexibility of the adductor muscles is one of the most critical risk factors for chronic groin pain and strains. However, measurement methods of adductor muscle flexibility are not well defined.Purpose
To determine the inter‐session reliability of the biarticular and monoarticular adductor muscle flexibility measures obtained from passive hip abduction with the knee flexed over the edge of the plinth test (PHA) and the passive hip abduction test at 90° of hip flexion (PHA90°).Study design
Clinical Measurement Reliability study.Methods
Fifty healthy recreational athletes participated in this study. All participants performed the PHA and PHA90° on four different occasions, with a two‐week interval between testing sessions. Reliability was examined through the change in the mean between consecutive pairs of testing sessions (ChM), standard error of measurement expressed in absolute values (SEM) and as a percentage of the mean score (%SEM), minimal detectable change at 95% confidence interval (MDC95), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,k).Results
The findings showed negligible or trivial ChM values for the two adductor flexibility measures analyzed (<2°). Furthermore, the SEM and MDC95 were 2.1° and 5.9° and 2.2° and 6.2° for the measures obtained from the PHA and PHA90°, respectively, with %SEM scores lower than 5% and ICC scores higher than 0.90.Conclusion
The findings from this study suggest that the adductor muscle flexibility measures analyzed have good to excellent inter‐session reliability in recreational athletes. Thus, clinicians can be 95% confident that an observed change between two measures larger than 5.9° and 6.2° for the flexibility measures obtained from the PHA and PHA90°, respectively, would indicate a real change in muscle flexibility.Level of evidence
2 相似文献5.
Hugo V. Reis Audrey Borghi-Silva Aparecida M. Catai Michel S. Reis 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2014,18(3):218-227
Background:
Chronic heart failure (CHF) leads to exercise intolerance. However, non-invasive ventilation is able to improve functional capacity of patients with CHF.Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on physical exercise tolerance and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with CHF.Method
: Seven men with CHF (62±8 years) and left ventricle ejection fraction of 41±8% were submitted to an incremental symptom-limited exercise test (IT) on the cicloergometer. On separate days, patients were randomized to perform four constant work rate exercise tests to maximal tolerance with and without CPAP (5 cmH2O) in the following conditions: i) at 50% of peak work rate of IT; and ii) at 75% of peak work rate of IT. At rest and during these conditions, instantaneous heart rate (HR) was recorded using a cardiofrequencimeter and HRV was analyzed in time domain (SDNN and RMSSD indexes). For statistical procedures, Wilcoxon test or Kruskall-Wallis test with Dunn''s post-hoc were used accordingly. In addition, categorical variables were analysed through Fischer''s test (p<0.05).Results:
There were significant improvements in exercise tolerance at 75% of peak work rate of IT with CPAP (405±52 vs. 438±58 s). RMSSD indexes were lower during exercise tests compared to CPAP at rest and with 50% of peak work rate of IT.Conclusion:
These data suggest that CPAP appears to be a useful strategy to improve functional capacity in patients with CHF. However, the positive impact of CPAP did not generate significant changes in the HRV during physical exercises. 相似文献6.
David Berger Stefan Bloechlinger Jukka Takala Christer Sinderby Lukas Brander 《Critical care (London, England)》2014,18(5)
Introduction
Assist in unison to the patient’s inspiratory neural effort and feedback-controlled limitation of lung distension with neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) may reduce the negative effects of mechanical ventilation on right ventricular function.Methods
Heart–lung interaction was evaluated in 10 intubated patients with impaired cardiac function using esophageal balloons, pulmonary artery catheters and echocardiography. Adequate NAVA level identified by a titration procedure to breathing pattern (NAVAal), 50% NAVAal, and 200% NAVAal and adequate pressure support (PSVal, defined clinically), 50% PSVal, and 150% PSVal were implemented at constant positive end-expiratory pressure for 20 minutes each.Results
NAVAal was 3.1 ± 1.1cmH2O/μV and PSVal was 17 ± 2 cmH20. For all NAVA levels negative esophageal pressure deflections were observed during inspiration whereas this pattern was reversed during PSVal and PSVhigh. As compared to expiration, inspiratory right ventricular outflow tract velocity time integral (surrogating stroke volume) was 103 ± 4%, 109 ± 5%, and 100 ± 4% for NAVAlow, NAVAal, and NAVAhigh and 101 ± 3%, 89 ± 6%, and 83 ± 9% for PSVlow, PSVal, and PSVhigh, respectively (p < 0.001 level-mode interaction, ANOVA). Right ventricular systolic isovolumetric pressure increased from 11.0 ± 4.6 mmHg at PSVlow to 14.0 ± 4.6 mmHg at PSVhigh but remained unchanged (11.5 ± 4.7 mmHg (NAVAlow) and 10.8 ± 4.2 mmHg (NAVAhigh), level-mode interaction p = 0.005). Both indicate progressive right ventricular outflow impedance with increasing pressure support ventilation (PSV), but no change with increasing NAVA level.Conclusions
Right ventricular performance is less impaired during NAVA compared to PSV as used in this study. Proposed mechanisms are preservation of cyclic intrathoracic pressure changes characteristic of spontaneous breathing and limitation of right-ventricular outflow impedance during inspiration, regardless of the NAVA level.Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: , registered 19 March 2008 NCT00647361Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-014-0499-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献7.
Matthew J. MacAskill Thomas J.S. Durant David A. Wallace 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2014,9(7):907-914
Background:
Researchers suggest that decreased strength of the gluteus medius (GMed) and the gluteus maximus (GMax) muscles contributes to the etiology of various orthopedic pathologies of the knee. Currently, equivocal evidence exists regarding Electromyography (EMG) activity of gluteal musculature during weightbearing (WB) and non‐weightbearing (NWB) exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare GMed and GMax muscle activation during WB functional exercise and NWB 10 repetition maximum (RM) exercises.Methods:
Surface EMG electrodes recorded the muscle activity of the GMax and GMed as subjects performed three sets of 10 repetitions of the following exercises: (1) forward step‐up, (2) lateral step‐up, (3) 10 repetition maximum (10 RM) side‐lying hip abduction and (4) 10 RM prone hip extension. The 10 RM resistances were determined one week prior to data collection.Results:
The GMed was recruited significantly more during side‐lying 10 RM than the remaining exercises (side‐lying, 99.9±17% vs. lateral step‐up, 61±20%; Forward step‐up, 62.7±18.2%; prone, 38±22.2%)(p<0.001). The GMax was recruited to the greatest extent during prone 10 RM hip extension (prone, 100.7±14.5% vs. forward step‐up, 28.7±18.7%; lateral step‐up, 31±19.9%; side‐lying, 38±23.3%)(p<0.001).Discussion:
These results suggest that performing a 10 RM NWB exercise results in greater muscle activation than two functional WB exercise without load in young, healthy individuals. In addition, forward and lateral step‐ups failed to effectively recruit the GMax at a high enough level to achieve a strengthening stimulus. The GMed was recruited to a higher extent than the GMax during the stepping tasks which might be further augmented if the activity is performed with an additional external load.Level of Evidence:
III 相似文献8.
Hopewell N Ntsinjana Giovanni Biglino Claudio Capelli Oliver Tann Alessandro Giardini Graham Derrick Silvia Schievano Andrew M Taylor 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2013,15(1):101
Background
Aortic arch geometry is linked to abnormal blood pressure (BP) response to maximum exercise. This study aims to quantitatively assess whether aortic arch geometry plays a role in blood pressure (BP) response to exercise.Methods
60 age- and BSA-matched subjects – 20 post-aortic coarctation (CoA) repair, 20 transposition of great arteries post arterial switch operation (ASO) and 20 healthy controls – had a three-dimensional (3D), whole heart magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 1.5 Tesla, 3D geometric reconstructions created from the MRA. All subjects underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test on the same day as MRA using an ergometer cycle with manual BP measurements. Geometric analysis and their correlation with BP at peak exercise were assessed.Results
Arch curvature was similarly acute in both the post-CoA and ASO cases [0.05 ± 0.01 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 (1/mm/m2); p = 1.0] and significantly different to that of normal healthy controls [0.05 ± 0.01 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01 (1/mm/m2), p < 0.001]. Indexed transverse arch cross sectional area were significantly abnormal in the post-CoA cases compared to the ASO cases (117.8 ± 47.7 vs. 221.3 ± 44.6; p < 0.001) and controls (117.8 ± 47.7 vs. 157.5 ± 27.2 mm2; p = 0.003). BP response to peak exercise did not correlate with arch curvature (r = 0.203, p = 0.120), but showed inverse correlation with indexed minimum cross sectional area of transverse arch and isthmus (r = -0.364, p = 0.004), and ratios of minimum arch area/ descending diameter (r = -0.491, p < 0.001).Conclusion
Transverse arch and isthmus hypoplasia, rather than acute arch angulation plays a role in the pathophysiology of BP response to peak exercise following CoA repair. 相似文献9.
Scott C. Forbes Philip D. Chilibeck Bruce Craven Yagesh Bhambhani 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2010,5(2):40-46
Background
Sport specific ergometers are important for laboratory testing (i.e. peak oxygen consumption (VO2)) and out of season training.Objectives
The purpose of this study was to compare cardiorespiratory variables during exercise on a double poling ergometer to a field test in elite sit skiers.Methods
Three male and four female athletes from the Canadian National / Developmental team (17-54 years of age, six with complete paraplegia and one with cerebral palsy) completed a field test and a double poling ergometer protocol separated by at least 24 hours. Both protocols consisted of three maximal trials of skiing of three minutes duration separated by 1.5 minutes of rest. A wireless metabolic system and heart rate monitor were used to measure cardiorespiratory responses [peak heart rate, peak VO2, and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER)] during each test. Arterialized blood lactate was measured before the beginning of exercise, after each trial and at 5, 10 and 15 minutes post exercise.Results
No significant differences existed between the field and ergometer tests for peak oxygen consumption (VO2) (field=34.7±5.5 mL·kg−1·min−1 vs. ergometer=33.4±6.9 mL·kg−1·min−1). Significantly higher peak heart rate and RER were found during the ergometer test. Significantly higher lactates were found during the ergometer test after trial 2 and trial 3.Conclusion
The double poling ergometer is similar to a field test for evaluating peak VO2 in elite cross country sit skiers; however, the ergometer test elicits a higher heart rate and anaerobic response. 相似文献10.
Robert J. Anderson Gideon D. Bahn Nicholas V. Emanuele Jennifer B. Marks William C. Duckworth 《Diabetes care》2014,37(10):2782-2788
OBJECTIVE
Blood pressure (BP) control for renal protection is essential for patients with type 2 diabetes. Our objective in this analysis of Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) data was to learn whether on-study systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) affected renal outcomes measured as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The VADT was a prospective, randomized study of 1,791 veterans with type 2 diabetes to determine whether intensive glucose control prevented major cardiovascular events. In this post hoc study, time-varying covariate survival analyses and hazard ratios (HR) were used to determine worsening of renal outcomes.RESULTS
Compared with SBP 105–129 mmHg, the risk of ACR worsening increased significantly for SBP 130–139 mmHg (HR 1.88 [95% CI 1.28–2.77]; P = 0.001) and for SBP ≥140 mmHg (2.51 [1.66–3.78]; P < 0.0001). Compared with a PP range of 40–49 mmHg, PP <40 was associated with significantly lowered risk of worsening ACR (0.36 [0.15–0.87]; P = 0.022) and PP ≥60 with significantly increased risk (2.38 [1.58–3.59]; P < 0.0001). Analyses of BP ranges associated with eGFR worsening showed significantly increased risk with rising baseline SBP and an interaction effect between SBP ≥140 mmHg and on-study A1C. These patients were 15% more likely than those with SBP <140 mmHg to experience eGFR worsening (1.15 [1.00–1.32]; P = 0.045) for each 1% (10.9 mmol/mol) A1C increase.CONCLUSIONS
SBP ≥130 mmHg and PP >60 mmHg were associated with worsening ACR. The results suggest that treatment of SBP to <130 mmHg may lessen ACR worsening. The interaction between SBP ≥140 mmHg and A1C suggests that the effect of glycemic control on reducing progression of renal disease may be greater in hypertensive patients. 相似文献11.
Ronny S Jiji Amy W Pollak Frederick H Epstein Patrick F Antkowiak Craig H Meyer Arthur L Weltman David Lopez Joseph M DiMaria Jennifer R Hunter John M Christopher Christopher M Kramer 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2013,15(1):14
Background
The purpose was to determine the reproducibility and utility of rest, exercise, and perfusion reserve (PR) measures by contrast-enhanced (CE) calf perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the calf in normal subjects (NL) and patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods
Eleven PAD patients with claudication (ankle-brachial index 0.67 ±0.14) and 16 age-matched NL underwent symptom-limited CE-MRI using a pedal ergometer. Tissue perfusion and arterial input were measured at rest and peak exercise after injection of 0.1 mM/kg of gadolinium-diethylnetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). Tissue function (TF) and arterial input function (AIF) measurements were made from the slope of time-intensity curves in muscle and artery, respectively, and normalized to proton density signal to correct for coil inhomogeneity. Perfusion index (PI) = TF/AIF. Perfusion reserve (PR) = exercise TF/ rest TF. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated from 11 NL and 10 PAD with repeated MRI on a different day.Results
Resting TF was low in NL and PAD (mean ± SD 0.25 ± 0.18 vs 0.35 ± 0.71, p = 0.59) but reproducible (ICC 0.76). Exercise TF was higher in NL than PAD (5.5 ± 3.2 vs. 3.4 ± 1.6, p = 0.04). Perfusion reserve was similar between groups and highly variable (28.6 ± 19.8 vs. 42.6 ± 41.0, p = 0.26). Exercise TF and PI were reproducible measures (ICC 0.63 and 0.60, respectively).Conclusion
Although rest measures are reproducible, they are quite low, do not distinguish NL from PAD, and lead to variability in perfusion reserve measures. Exercise TF and PI are the most reproducible MRI perfusion measures in PAD for use in clinical trials. 相似文献12.
Mikael Kanski H?kan Arheden Dirk M Wuttge Gracijela Bozovic Roger Hesselstrand Martin Ugander 《Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance》2013,15(1):86
Background
Pulmonary involvement, manifested as pulmonary arterial hypertension or pulmonary fibrosis, is the most common cause of death in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We aimed to explore the feasibility of detecting early pulmonary involvement in SSc using recently developed non-invasive quantitative measures of pulmonary physiology using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods
Twenty-seven SSc patients (9 men, 57 ± 13 years) and 10 healthy controls (3 men, 54 ± 9 years) underwent CMR to determine the pulmonary blood volume (PBV) and the PBV variation (PBVV) throughout the cardiac cycle. Patients underwent Doppler echocardiography, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and pulmonary function testing by spirometry. Comparisons were performed using the unpaired t-test and linear regression analysis was performed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r).Results
Compared to healthy controls, the PBV indexed to lung volume (PBVI) was lower in patients (16 ± 4 vs 20 ± 5%, p < 0.05). There was no difference in PBV (466 ± 87 vs 471 ± 122 mL, p = 0.91) or PBVV/stroke volume (45 ± 10 vs 40 ± 6%, p = 0.09). There were no significant correlations between PBVI and pulmonary artery pressure estimated by Doppler (p = 0.08) the lung’s diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (p = 0.09), vital capacity (p = 0.45), or pulmonary fibrosis by HRCT (p = 0.74).Conclusions
This study is the first to measure the PBV in humans using CMR. Compared to healthy controls, newly diagnosed SSc patients have a reduced amount of blood in the pulmonary vasculature (PBVI) but unchanged pulmonary vascular distensibility (PBVV/stroke volume). PBVI is unrelated to DLCO, pulmonary artery pressure, vital capacity, and the presence of pulmonary fibrosis. PBVI may be a novel parameter reflecting vascular lung involvement in early-stage SSc, and these findings may be consistent with pathophysiological changes of the pulmonary vasculature. 相似文献13.
14.
15.
Christiana Blume Sharon Wang‐Price Elaine Trudelle‐Jackson Alexis Ortiz 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2015,10(4):441-455
Background
Researchers have demonstrated moderate evidence for the use of exercise in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS). Recent evidence also supports eccentric exercise for patients with lower extremity and wrist tendinopathies. However, only a few investigators have examined the effects of eccentric exercise on patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy.Purpose
To compare the effectiveness of an eccentric progressive resistance exercise (PRE) intervention to a concentric PRE intervention in adults with SAIS.Study Design
Randomized Clinical TrialMethods
Thirty‐four participants with SAIS were randomized into concentric (n = 16, mean age: 48.6 ± 14.6 years) and eccentric (n = 18, mean age: 50.1 ± 16.9 years) exercise groups. Supervised rotator cuff and scapular PRE''s were performed twice a week for eight weeks. A daily home program of shoulder stretching and active range of motion (AROM) exercises was performed by both groups. The outcome measures of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, pain‐free arm scapular plane elevation AROM, pain‐free shoulder abduction and external rotation (ER) strength were assessed at baseline, week five, and week eight of the study.Results
Four separate 2x3 ANOVAs with repeated measures showed no significant difference in any outcome measure between the two groups over time. However, all participants made significant improvements in all outcome measures from baseline to week five (p < 0.0125). Significant improvements also were found from week five to week eight (p < 0.0125) for all outcome measures except scapular plane elevation AROM.Conclusion
Both eccentric and concentric PRE programs resulted in improved function, AROM, and strength in patients with SAIS. However, no difference was found between the two exercise modes, suggesting that therapists may use exercises that utilize either exercise mode in their treatment of SAIS.Level of evidence
Therapy, level 1b 相似文献16.
17.
Natalie L. Myers Jenny L. Toonstra Jacob S. Smith Cooper A. Padgett Tim L. Uhl 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2015,10(7):1015-1025
Background
The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program incorporates sustained isometric contractions in conjunction with dynamic shoulder movements. It has been suggested that incorporating isometric holds may facilitate greater increases in muscular strength and endurance. However, no objective evidence currently exists to support this claim.Hypothesis/Purpose
The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of a sustained muscle contraction resistive training program (Advanced Throwers Ten Program) to a more traditional exercise training protocol to determine if increases in shoulder muscular strength and endurance occur in an otherwise healthy population. It was hypothesized that utilizing a sustained isometric hold during a shoulder scaption exercise from the Advanced Throwers Ten would produce greater increases in shoulder strength and endurance as compared to a traditional training program incorporating a isotonic scapular plane abduction (scaption) exercise.Study Design
Randomized Clinical Trial.Method
Fifty healthy participants were enrolled in this study, of which 25 were randomized into the traditional training group (age: 26 ± 8, height:172 ± 10 cm, weight: 73 ± 13 kg, Marx Activity Scale: 11 ± 4) and 25 were randomized to the Advanced Throwers Ten group (age: 28 ± 9, height: 169 ± 23 cm, weight: 74 ± 16 kg, Marx Activity Scale: 11 ± 5). No pre‐intervention differences existed between the groups (P>0.05). Arm endurance and strength data were collected pre and post intervention using a portable load cell (BTE Evaluator, Hanover, MD). Both within and between group analyses were done in order to investigate average torque (strength) and angular impulse (endurance) changes.Results
The traditional and Advanced Throwers Ten groups both significantly improved torque and angular impulse on both the dominant and non‐dominant arms by 10–14%. There were no differences in strength or endurance following the interventions between the two training groups (p>0.75).Conclusions;
Both training approaches increased strength and endurance as the muscle loads were consistent between protocols indicating that either approach will have positive effects.Level of Evidence
Level 2 相似文献18.
Kelly M. Lindenberg Christopher R. Carcia Amy L. Phelps RobRoy L. Martin Anne M. Burrows 《International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy》2011,6(3):186-198
Purpose:
To determine if heel height alters sagittal plane knee kinematics when landing from a forward hop or drop landing.Background:
Knee angles close to extension during landing are theorized to increase ACL injury risk in female athletes.Methods:
Fifty collegiate females performed two single-limb landing tasks while wearing heel lifts of three different sizes (0, 12 & 24 mm) attached to the bottom of a sneaker. Using an electrogoniometer, sagittal plane kinematics (initial contact [KAIC], peak flexion [KAPeak], and rate of excursion [RE]) were examined. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine the influence of heel height on the dependent measures.Results:
Forward hop task- KAIC with 0 mm, 12 mm, and 24 mm lifts were 8.88±6.5, 9.38±5.8 and 11.28±7.0, respectively. Significant differences were noted between 0 and 24 mm lift (p<.001) and 12 and 24 mm lifts (p=.003), but not between the 0 and 12 mm conditions (p=.423). KAPeak with 0 mm, 12 mm, and 24 mm lifts were 47.08±10.9, 48.18±10.3 and 48.88±9.7, respectively. A significant difference was noted between 0 and 24 mm lift (p=.004), but not between the 0 and 12 mm or 12 and 24 mm conditions (p=.071 and p=.282, respectively). The RE decreased significantly from 2128/sec±52 with the 12 mm lift to 1958/sec±55 with the 24 mm lift (p=.004). RE did not differ from 0 to 12 or 0 to 24 mm lift conditions (p=.351 and p=.086, respectively). Jump-landing task- No significant differences were found in KAIC (p=.531), KAPeak (p=.741), or the RE (p=.190) between any of the heel lift conditions.Conclusions:
The addition of a 24 mm heel lift to the bottom of a sneaker significantly alters sagittal plane knee kinematics upon landing from a unilateral forward hop but not from a drop jump. 相似文献19.
Raquel R. Britto Vanessa S. Probst Armele F. Dornelas de Andrade Giane A. R. Samora Nidia A. Hernandes Patrícia E. M. Marinho Marlus Karsten Fabio Pitta Veronica F. Parreira 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2013,17(6):556-563
Background
It is important to include large sample sizes and different factors that influence the six-minute walking distance (6MWD) in order to propose reference equations for the six-minute walking test (6MWT).Objective
To evaluate the influence of anthropometric, demographic, and physiologic variables on the 6MWD of healthy subjects from different regions of Brazil to establish a reference equation for the Brazilian population.Method
In a multicenter study, 617 healthy subjects performed two 6MWTs and had their weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) measured, as well as their physiologic responses to the test. Delta heart rate (∆HR), perceived effort, and peripheral oxygen saturation were calculated by the difference between the respective values at the end of the test minus the baseline value.Results
Walking distance averaged 586±106m, 54m greater in male compared to female subjects (p<0.001). No differences were observed among the 6MWD from different regions. The quadratic regression analysis considering only anthropometric and demographic data explained 46% of the variability in the 6MWT (p<0.001) and derived the equation: 6MWDpred=890.46-(6.11×age)+(0.0345×age2)+(48.87×gender)-(4.87×BMI). A second model of stepwise multiple regression including ∆HR explained 62% of the variability (p<0.0001) and derived the equation: 6MWDpred=356.658-(2.303×age)+(36.648×gender)+(1.704×height)+(1.365×∆HR).Conclusion
The equations proposed in this study, especially the second one, seem adequate to accurately predict the 6MWD for Brazilians. 相似文献20.
Breathing exercises: influence on breathing patterns and thoracoabdominal
motion in healthy subjects
Danielle S. R. Vieira Liliane P. S. Mendes Nathália S. Elmiro Marcelo Velloso Raquel R. Britto Ver?nica F. Parreira 《Revista brasileira de fisioterapia (S?o Carlos (S?o Paulo, Brazil))》2014,18(6):544-552