帕罗西汀并康复训练治疗脑卒中后抑郁患者疗效观察

目的探讨帕罗西汀＋康复治疗方法对卒中偏瘫抑郁患者的疗效。方法123例大脑半球卒中后抑郁患者分为帕罗西汀治疗组（A组）、帕罗西汀＋康复治疗组（B组）及对照组（C组）。A组在常规卒中治疗同时加用帕罗西汀口服,B组在前者基础上加用康复干预,C组仅给与常规卒中治疗,对3组患者抑郁状态、运动功能、日常生活活动能力进行定期观察。结果治疗前3组间HAMD、FMA、ADL评分差异无统计学意义。在治疗2周、4周后,A组和B组各项评分均优于C组,差异具有统计学意义,但A组与B组之间差异无统计学意义。在治疗8周后A组和B组各项评分仍均优于对照组,且B组各项评分优于A组,差异有统计学意义。结论帕罗西汀治疗卒中后抑郁疗效显著;帕罗西汀配合康复训练比单独应用帕罗西汀更加有效。     

Utility of an obstacle-crossing test to classify future fallers and non-fallers at hospital discharge after stroke: A pilot study

BackgroundExisting clinical assessments of balance and functional mobility have poor predictive accuracy for prospectively identifying post-stroke fallers, which may be due to a lack of ecological complexity that is typical of community-based fall incidents.Research questionDoes an obstacle-crossing test at hospital discharge predict fall status of ambulatory stroke survivors 3 months after discharge?MethodsAmbulatory stroke survivors being discharged home completed an obstacle-crossing test at hospital discharge. Falls were tracked prospectively for 3 months after discharge. Logistic regression examined the relationship between obstacle-crossing at discharge (pass/fail) and fall status (faller/non-faller) at 3 months post discharge.Results45 participants had discharge obstacle test and 3-month fall data. 21 (47 %) participants experienced at least one fall during follow-up, with 52 % of the falls occurring within the first month after discharge. Of the 21 fallers, 14 failed the obstacle-crossing test (67 % sensitivity). Among the 24 non-fallers, 20 passed the obstacle-crossing test (83 % specificity). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.75 (95 % CI 0.60–0.90). Individuals who failed the obstacle-crossing test were 10.00 (95 % CI: 2.45–40.78) times more likely to fall in the first 3 months after discharge. The unadjusted logistic regression model correctly classified 76 % of the subjects. After adjusting for age, sex, days post stroke, and post-stroke disability, the odds ratio remained significant at 6.93 (95 % CI: 1.01–47.52) and correctly classified 79.5% of the participants.SignificanceThe obstacle-crossing test may be a useful discharge assessment to identify ambulatory stroke survivors being discharged home who are likely to fall in the first 3 months post discharge. Modifications to improve the obstacle-crossing test sensitivity should be explored further.     

Task based rehabilitation protocol for elite athletes following Anterior Cruciate ligament reconstruction: a clinical commentary

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common and devastating knee injuries sustained whilst participating in sport. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) remains the standard approach for athletes who aim to return to high level sporting activities but the outcome from surgery is not assured. Secondary morbidities and an inability to return to the same competitive level are common following ACLR. One factor which might be linked to these sub-optimal outcomes may be a failure to have clearly defined performance criteria for return to activity and sport. This paper presents a commentary describing a structured return to sport rehabilitation protocol for athletes following ACLR. The protocol was developed from synthesis of the available literature and consensus of physiotherapists and strength and conditioning coaches based in the home country Institute of Sports within the United Kingdom.     

针刺配合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍疗效分析

目的观察针刺配合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效。方法将脑卒中后伴吞咽障碍的100例患者随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组采用功能训练治疗;治疗组采用针刺配合功能训练治疗。2周为1疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。2组在治疗前及治疗第14d、28d行吞咽X线电视透视检查（VFFS）和洼田氏评定。结果两组均能改善吞咽障碍,但针刺配合功能训练的疗效优于单纯功能训练（P〈0．05）。结论针刺配合功能训练不仅可以加速患者脑卒中后吞咽障碍的功能康复,提高生活质量,而且副作用小,花费少,可以作为脑卒中后吞咽障碍的常规治疗手段。     

粘膜管成形发音功能重建在晚期喉癌手术中的应用研究

 目的 用粘膜管成形法重建发音功能,应用于晚期喉癌手术中,术后达到良好的发音和吞咽效果,以提高喉癌患者的生存质量。方法 对失去部分喉切除机会的晚期喉癌患者用粘膜管成形法进行一期发音功能重建术,取得了较好的效果。共行手术31例,其中28例行近全喉切除,仅仅保留了残余披裂,摘除勺状软骨后,利用残余披裂粘膜和延续到气管的一条粘膜瓣缝合成一粘膜管而重建发音功能;3例行全喉切除,用其下咽粘膜缝合成一粘膜管与气管相延续。结果 29例患者均取得了良好的发音效果而无误咽。结论 粘膜管成形法重建发音功能可使晚期喉癌患者在喉切除后用自身材料一期重建发音功能而取得较理想的发音和吞咽功能。     

急性脑卒中患者合并吞咽困难的临床分析与康复治疗

目的观察急性脑卒中合并吞咽困难患者康复治疗的疗效评定及吸入性肺炎的发生率。方法将168例急性脑卒中合并吞咽困难的患者随机分为康复组和对照组,康复组在对照组应用药物治疗的同时给予综合康复训练治疗。治疗时间为1个月．以治疗前后患者吞咽功能恢复情况及吸入性肺炎的发生率作为观察指标。结果康复组患者吞咽功能恢复情况显著优于对照组,而其吸入性肺炎的发生率显著低于对照组。结论对于急性脑卒中合并吞咽困难的患者早期给予及时、系统的综合康复训练能够有效改善患者的吞咽功能,并显著减少此类患者吸入性肺炎的发生率。     

Running-related injury: How long does it take? Feasibility,preliminary evaluation,and German translation of the University of Wisconsin running and recovery index

ObjectiveThe University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) was developed as an evaluative patient-reported outcome measure of perceived running ability and recovery after running-related injuries. To date, the questionnaire was not translated into German language and studies on its clinical feasibility and validity are sparse.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOutpatient sports medicine clinic.ParticipantsThe UWRI questionnaire was translated to German language using a state-of-the art back-translation method including three translators and two back-translators. Clinical feasibility and validation were assessed in 14 injured runners.Main outcome measuresUWRI total score, running volume.ResultsThe translation process was completed without major discrepancies. Feasibility and preliminary evaluation were demonstrated in a cohort of 14 injured runners. The UWRI total score significantly improved throughout 12 weeks of recovering from running-related injuries (p < 0.001). Relative running volume significantly correlated with UWRI score (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index was successfully translated into the German language. Its usage may hold promise for better rehabilitation surveillance following running-related injuries.     

The effect of ankle taping on functional performance in participants with functional ankle instability

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of rigid ankle tape on functional performance, self-efficacy and perceived stability, confidence and reassurance during functional tasks in participants with functional ankle instability.DesignClinical measurement, crossover design.MethodsParticipants (n = 25) with functional ankle instability (Cumberland Ankle Instability Score < 25) were recruited from university students and sporting clubs. Participants performed five functional tests with and without the ankle taped. The tests were: figure-8 hopping test, hopping obstacle course, star excursion balance test (SEBT), single-leg stance and stair descent test. Secondary outcome measures were self-efficacy and perception measures.ResultsRigid tape significantly decreased the stair descent time by 4% (p = 0.014), but had no effect on performance in the other tests. Self-efficacy increased significantly (p < 0.001). Perceived stability, confidence and reassurance also increased with the ankle taped (p < 0.05) during the stair and two hopping tasks, but not during the SEBT or single-leg stance test.ConclusionAlthough taping the ankle did not affect performance, except to improve stair descent, it increased self-efficacy and perceived confidence in dynamic tasks. These findings suggest that taping may reduce apprehension without affecting functional performance in those with functional ankle instability and permit continued physical activity or sport participation.     

脑卒中后语言功能康复的脑功能性磁共振研究

目的：应用非损伤性的fMRI方法，研究脑卒中后语言功能的员伤机制和恢复机制。材料和方法：患者女，37岁，右利手，受教育5年，工人，突发语言障碍来我院就诊，以CT、MRI检查发现右侧基底节区及左额顶叶脑梗死，收入院治疗。实验材料选用6组36例对由双字名词，患者大声朗读并行词意判断。结果：损伤时，患者语言功能，左侧半球语言功能区活动减弱，治疗后，患者语言功能恢复，左侧半球语言功能区活动恢复；损伤时，患者语言功能障碍，右侧半球语言功能区活动增加，治疗后，患者语言功能恢复，右侧半球语言功能区活动减弱或消失。结论：fMRI是一种客观、敏感、可量化的研究脑卒中后语言功能康复的方法之一。     

创伤性肩关节前不稳定康复治疗计划的研究与应用

目的：探讨康复训练计划对创伤性肩关节前不稳定的治疗效果．方法：设计一套创伤性肩关节不稳定治疗的康复计划，对３８例创伤性肩关节前不稳定患者进行治疗．该计划分为制动康复训练、保护性康复训练、肌力强度康复训练、运动功能恢复训练４个阶段，每个阶段３周．结果：所有病例平均随访８个月，早期治疗的患者疼痛消失，关节活动度恢复正常，疗效满意．结论：只要正确掌握适应证，该康复计划可以有效地治疗创伤性肩关节前不稳定     

An improved powered ankle-foot orthosis using proportional myoelectric control

We constructed a powered ankle–foot orthosis for human walking with a novel myoelectric controller. The orthosis included a carbon fiber and polypropylene shell, a metal hinge joint, and two artificial pneumatic muscles. Soleus electromyography (EMG) activated the artificial plantar flexor and inhibited the artificial dorsiflexor. Tibialis anterior EMG activated the artificial dorsiflexor. We collected kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data for a naive healthy subject walking with the orthosis. The current design improves upon a previous prototype by being easier to don and doff and simpler to use. The novel controller allows naive wearers to quickly adapt to the orthosis without artificial muscle co-contraction. The orthosis may be helpful in studying human walking biomechanics and assisting patients during gait rehabilitation after neurological injury.     

Injury-related psychological distress and the association with perceived running ability in injured runners

ObjectiveExamine injury-related psychological distress and association with perceived running ability in injured runners.DesignProspective longitudinal study.ParticipantsForty-three patients with a running-related injury.Main outcome measuresData collection at initial physical therapy visit and 12–16 weeks later included Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome - Yellow Flag (OSPRO-YF) and Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) for injury-related psychological distress, and University of Wisconsin Running and Recovery Index (UWRI) for perceived running ability. OSPRO-YF composite score, total yellow flags, and yellow flags in each domain (negative mood, fear-avoidance, positive affect/coping) were calculated.ResultsUWRI score and OSPRO-YF composite score and yellow flags significantly improved over time, while AFAQ score and yellow flags in OSPRO-YF negative mood domain did not. AFAQ scores were significantly correlated with UWRI score at baseline, follow-up and change over time, while OSPRO-YF composite score and yellow flags were not. Baseline OSPRO-YF composite score and AFAQ score were not correlated with follow-up UWRI score.ConclusionsInjury-related psychological distress is elevated when injured runners start rehabilitation, and generally improves; however, negative mood and athletic fear-avoidance may persist. Higher athletic fear-avoidance is associated with lower perceived running ability at the same time point or interval.     

A characterisation of established unilateral transfemoral amputee gait using 3D kinematics,kinetics and oxygen consumption measures

BackgroundPersons with unilateral transfemoral (UTF) amputation are known to walk with less efficiency than able-bodied individuals, therefore understanding the gait deviations that drive this inefficiency was considered to be important.Research questionsWhat are the differences in gait outcomes between persons with UTF amputation and able-bodied persons? What is the prevalence of specific gait deviations within this group?MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, the level over ground gait of established prosthetics service users with UTF amputation using mechanical knee joints (n=60) were compared with able-bodied persons (n=10). Gait profile score, walking velocity, step length, step length symmetry ratio, step time symmetry ratio, vertical ground reaction force symmetry index, base of support, centre of mass deviation and metabolic energy expenditure were measured. All data were captured during walking on level ground at a self-selected speed. Prevalence of gait deviations for each UTF participant were assessed by inspection, using a predefined list of lower limb kinematic, upper body kinematic, ground reaction force and lower limb kinetic gait deviations.ResultsStatistically significant between-groups differences across all outcome measures were found, with all p-values <0.005, and effect sizes ranging from 'large' to 'huge'. The most prevalent gait deviations included: lack of prosthetic knee flexion in early stance (98%); lack of hip extension on the prosthetic side in late stance (82%): increased trunk side flexion range of motion across the gait cycle (92%); reduced anterior propulsion force on the prosthetic side in late stance (100%) and reduced prosthetic hip adduction moment in early stance (96%).SignificanceThe results of this study indicate that the magnitude of the differences between UTF amputees and able-bodied persons, across a comprehensive range of gait measures, are such that significant research into all aspects of prosthetic rehabilitation to reduce these differences is clearly justified.     

Evidence for joint moment asymmetry in healthy populations during gait

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of asymmetry in lower extremity joint moments within and across healthy populations during overground walking. Bilateral gait data from several studies performed at two institutions were pooled from 182 healthy, pain-free subjects. Four distinct populations were identified based on age, activity level and body mass index. Mean peak external joint moments were calculated from three to six trials of level overground walking at self-selected speed for each subject. Right and left limb moments were reclassified as “greater” or “lesser” moment for each subject to prevent obscuring absolute asymmetry due to averaging over positive and negative asymmetries across subjects. A clinically relevant asymmetry measure was calculated from the peak joint moments with an initial chosen cutoff value of 10%. Confidence intervals for the proportion of subjects with greater than 10% asymmetry between limbs were estimated based on the binomial distribution. We found a high amount of asymmetry between the limbs in healthy populations. More than half of our overall population exceeded 10% asymmetry in peak hip and knee flexion and adduction moments. Group medians exceeded 10% asymmetry for all variables in all populations. This may have important implications on gait evaluations, particularly clinical evaluations or research studies where asymmetry is used as an outcome. Additional research is necessary to determine acceptable levels of joint moment asymmetry during gait and to determine whether asymmetrical joint moments influence the development of symptomatic pathology or success of lower extremity rehabilitation.     

Evidence for joint moment asymmetry in healthy populations during gait

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and prevalence of asymmetry in lower extremity joint moments within and across healthy populations during overground walking. Bilateral gait data from several studies performed at two institutions were pooled from 182 healthy, pain-free subjects. Four distinct populations were identified based on age, activity level and body mass index. Mean peak external joint moments were calculated from three to six trials of level overground walking at self-selected speed for each subject. Right and left limb moments were reclassified as “greater” or “lesser” moment for each subject to prevent obscuring absolute asymmetry due to averaging over positive and negative asymmetries across subjects. A clinically relevant asymmetry measure was calculated from the peak joint moments with an initial chosen cutoff value of 10%. Confidence intervals for the proportion of subjects with greater than 10% asymmetry between limbs were estimated based on the binomial distribution. We found a high amount of asymmetry between the limbs in healthy populations. More than half of our overall population exceeded 10% asymmetry in peak hip and knee flexion and adduction moments. Group medians exceeded 10% asymmetry for all variables in all populations. This may have important implications on gait evaluations, particularly clinical evaluations or research studies where asymmetry is used as an outcome. Additional research is necessary to determine acceptable levels of joint moment asymmetry during gait and to determine whether asymmetrical joint moments influence the development of symptomatic pathology or success of lower extremity rehabilitation.     

肱骨近端骨折的外科治疗及术后康复

目的：探讨肱骨近端骨折的手术及非手术治疗适应证，手术治疗方法及手法对患肢功能恢复的重要性。方法：1999年1月－2000年12月，对收治的46例肱骨近端骨折患者，依据Neer分型及骨折移位的严重程度进行非手术治疗15例，手术治疗31例，术后患肩早期外展支架固定及康复锻炼，结果：本组患者均获随访，随访时间为6－26个月，平均12．6个月，患肢功能按尚天裕等肩关节功能评估标准，手术组和非手术组的肩关节功能优良率分别为93．5％（29／31）和93．3％（14／15）。结论：肱骨上端骨折仅有较小的移位，一般用非手术治疗，对于复杂的肱骨近端骨折，采用T形钢板内固定手术治疗，同时配合外展支架固定及规范的功能锻炼可获得满意的疗效，降低了此低骨折凝肩及其他并发症的发生率，其治疗重点是可靠的固定及早期功能恢复。