四肢软组织肉瘤术前与术后放疗临床观察

[目的]探讨四肢软组织肉瘤术前与术后放疗时间的选择及并发症情况.[方法]回顾分析43例四肢软组织肉瘤病人,其中21例术前行放射治疗(25Gy/5F),22例术后行放射治疗(66Gy/33F),观察两组病人疗效及术后伤口并发症的发生率.[结果]平均随访3.5年,术前放疗者总的生存情况稍好于术后放疗者(P＜0.05);但术前放疗者发生伤口并发症8例(38%),而术后放疗者4例(18%);而且肿瘤大小和解剖位置与并发症有关.[结论]由于术前放疗比术后放疗有较高的伤口并发症发生率,四肢软组织肉瘤治疗时应该考虑放疗的时间选择,同时考虑肿瘤大小及解剖位置.     

后程立体定向放射治疗体部恶性肿瘤

目的 :探讨后程立体定向放射治疗对体部恶性肿瘤的治疗价值。方法 :选择 80例体部恶性肿瘤 ,包括原发癌 6 3例 ,转移癌 17例。先给予常规外照射DT4 0～ 5 0Gy 4～ 5W ,休息 7～ 10d后 ,行后程立体定向放射治疗补量治疗 ,分次治疗方法为DT4～ 8Gy F ,隔日 1次 ,4～ 6次为 1个疗程 ,平均补量为DT30Gy(2 4～ 4 0Gy)。结果 :治疗后 3～ 6个月 ,CT及MRI复查示 :6 3例原发癌中 ,5 5例肿瘤缩小或消失 ,占 87% ;17例转移癌中有 14例肿块明显缩小 ,占 82 %。 73例患者KPS评分有提高 ,占91%。全部病例均未出现明显放疗并发症。结论 :立体定向放射治疗体部恶性肿瘤疗效肯定 ,后程立体定向放射治疗结合常规放疗对于改善患者预后是有益的。     

Patterns of Failure After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy to Sacral Metastases

AimsStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to treat sacral metastases. We analysed our centre's local relapse rates and patterns of failure after sacral SBRT and assessed whether using the consensus contouring recommendation (CCR) may have prevented local relapse.Materials and methodsWe conducted a single-centre retrospective review of patients treated with sacral SBRT between February 2012 and December 2021. The cumulative incidence of local relapse, patterns of failure and overall survival were determined. Two investigators reviewed planning computed tomography scans and imaging at relapse to determine if local relapse was potentially preventable with a larger CCR-derived radiotherapy field.ResultsIn total, 34 patients received sacral SBRT, with doses ranging from 24 to 40 Gy over three to five fractions. The most frequently used schedule was 30 Gy in three fractions. Common primaries treated included prostate (n = 16), breast (n = 6), lung (n = 3) and renal (n = 3) cancers. The median follow-up was 20 months (interquartile range 13–55 months). The cumulative incidence of local relapse (4/34) was 2.9% (95% confidence interval 0.2–13.2), 6.3% (95% confidence interval 1.1–18.5) and 16.8% (95% confidence interval 4.7–35.4) at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, respectively. The patterns of failure were local-only (1/34), local and distant (3/34) and distant relapse (10/34). The overall survival was 96.7% (95% confidence interval 90.5–100) and 90.6% (95% confidence interval 78.6–100) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. For prostate/breast primaries, the cumulative incidence of local relapse was 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3–19.4), 4.5% (95% confidence interval 0.3–19.4) and 12.5% (95% confidence interval 1.7–34.8) at 6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively. Twenty-nine cases (85.3%) deviated from the CCR. Sacral relapse was potentially preventable if the CCR was used in one patient (2.9% of the whole cohort and 25% of the relapsed cohort).DiscussionWe have shown excellent local control rates with sacral SBRT, which was largely planned with a margin expansion approach.     

Whole Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Stereotactic Radiotherapy Versus Stereotactic Radiotherapy Alone for Brain Metastases: a Meta-analysis

Aim: This study was to evaluate the effect of whole brain radiation (WBRT) combined with stereotacticradiotherapy (SRS) versus stereotactic radiotherapy alone for patients with brain metastases using a metaanalysis.Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library from their inceptionup to October 2013. Randomized controlled trials involving whole brain radiation combined with stereotacticradiotherapy versus stereotactic radiotherapy alone for brain metastases were included. Statistical analyseswere performed using RevMan5.2 software. Results: Four randomized controlled trials including 903 patientswere included. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant lowering of the local recurrence rate (OR=0.29,95%CI: 0.17~0.49), new brain metastasis rate (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.28~0.71) and symptomatic late neurologicradiation toxicity rate (OR=3.92, 95%CI: 1.37~11.20) in the combined group. No statistically significant differenceexisted in the 1-year survival rate (OR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.60~1.03). Conclusions: The results indicate that wholebrain radiotherapy combined with stereotactic radiotherapy has advantages in local recurrence and new brainmetastasis rates, but stereotactic radiotherapy alone is associated with better neurological function. However, asthe samples included were not large, more high-quality, large-sample size studies are necessary for confirmation.     

肺癌脑转移的立体定向放疗

脑转移是癌症患者的主要转移部位,而肺癌是最常见的脑转移的原发病。对于脑转移患者,仅给予最佳支持治疗或内科治疗,中位生存期只有1~2个月,使用全脑放疗、立体定向放疗和手术后,患者生存期明显延长,但对于寡转移和多发转移患者,其治疗策略不同,同样对于如何选择不同的治疗方法,有必要进一步探讨。在延长患者生存期的基础上,尽量保存认知功能同样重要。     

肢体软组织肉瘤709例外科治疗分析

目的探讨肢体软组织肉瘤(STS)的诊断与规范化的手术方式,以提高治疗效果。方法回顾性分析行手术治疗并经病理证实的709例肢体STS患者的临床资料。结果全组709例肢体STS患者中,术前行B超709例,CT 135例,MRI 587例。本组除216例行补充广泛切除术患者术前未再行术前活检,其余493例均进行术前活检,其中细针穿刺活检350例,粗针穿刺活检89例,切检54例。手术方式:434例行广泛切除术,125例行根治性间室切除术,113例行屏障切除术,37例行截肢术。术后病理检查结果显示,恶性纤维组织细胞瘤103例,滑膜肉瘤89例,脂肪肉瘤78例,横纹肌肉瘤74例,隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤67例,纤维肉瘤62例,平滑肌肉瘤46例,腺泡状软组织肉瘤41例,透明细胞肉瘤36例,韧带样瘤型纤维瘤病31例,上皮样肉瘤29例,恶性神经鞘瘤27例,骨外尤文肉瘤11例,骨外骨肉瘤10例,血管肉瘤5例。531例术后随访0.3~4.5 a,73例复发(13.7%),复发时间11~32个月,中位复发时间为21个月。127例(23.9%)出现远处转移,其中86例为肺转移,31例为肝转移,10例为骨转移。结论 MRI或CT应为术前常规的辅助检查,活检有助于明确诊断,手术是肢体STS最重要的治疗手段,规范化的手术方式可以降低复发率。     

Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy — First UK Experience

AimsStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) combines image-guided radiotherapy with hypofractionation, both of which will probably result in improvements in patient outcomes in prostate cancer. Most clinical experience with this technique resides in North America. Here we present the first UK cohort to receive SBRT for prostate cancer.Materials and methodsFifty-one prostate cancer patients (10 low risk, 35 intermediate risk and 6 high risk) were treated with 36.25 Gy in five fractions over 1–2 weeks and gold seed image guidance. All patients had toxicity International Prostate Symptom score (IPSS) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recorded prospectively and prostate-specific antigen was measured 3–6 monthly during follow-up.ResultsThe median IPSS was 6, 11, 8 and 5 at baseline, 1–3 weeks, 4–6 weeks and 7–12 weeks after treatment. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity of grade 2 was seen in 22% and 14%, respectively, at 1–3 weeks after treatment; no patient had grade 3+ toxicity at this time point, although two patients had grade 3 urinary frequency recorded during treatment. The median follow-up for the 42 patients who did not receive androgen deprivation was 14.5 months. Prostate-specific antigen at 13–18 months after treatment was 1.3 ng/ml.ConclusionProstate SBRT is a promising treatment for organ-confined prostate cancer and is currently being investigated in a UK-led phase III trial.     

Pulmonary metastasectomy for soft tissue sarcomas: Is it justified?

The role of pulmonary metastasectomy for metastatic soft tissue sarcomas is examined by reviewing the recent (1978-1994) English language literature. There are no prospective studies that contain an appropriate control group, and only one retrospective study contains a matched control group. In those few studies that provide greater than 5-year survival data, the survival curve still has a steep slope and few patients are alive at 7 years. In most studies only one or two patients are at risk at 5 years or more. Projected survival is therefore statistically questionable. It is currently impossible to know what is the impact of the surgical procedure over and above the natural history (biology) of the tumor. A randomized, prospective study, as suggested a decade ago, is still needed. While there may be some merit to pulmonary metastasectomy in highly selected patients, aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy does not seem justified by the available data.     

快中子放射治疗软组织肉瘤55例

[目的]观察快中子加光子混合射线放射治疗软组织肉瘤的临床疗效。[方法]19例软组织肉瘤患者接受快中子及光子根治性放射治疗（根治放疗组），36例为术后放疗（术后放疔组）。光子照射剂量为40～50Gy，快中子照射剂量为8～12Gv。[结果]放疗结束后根治性放疗组3年、5年、8年生存率分别为47．4％，36．8％及26．3％；术后放疗组分别为86．1％、69．6％及27．3％。放疗后所有患者均未出现严重并发症。[结论]快中子术后放疗是治疗软组织肉瘤的有效手段。     

Whole Brain Radiotherapy Versus Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Poor-Prognosis Patients with One to 10 Brain Metastases: A Randomised Feasibility Study

AimsA significant proportion of patients with brain metastases have a poor prognosis, with a life expectancy of 3–6 months. To determine the optimal radiotherapeutic strategy for brain metastases in this population, we conducted a randomised feasibility study of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) versus stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).Materials and methodsPatients with a life expectancy of 3–6 months and between one and 10 brain metastases with a diameter ≤4 cm were enrolled at six Canadian cancer centres. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either WBRT (20 Gy in five fractions) or SRS (15 Gy in one fraction). The primary end point was the rate of accrual per month. Secondary feasibility and clinical end points included the ratio of accrued subjects to screened subjects. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT02220491).ResultsIn total, 210 patients were screened to enrol 22 patients into the trial; 20 patients were randomised between the two arms. Two patients did not receive treatment because one patient died and another patient withdrew consent after being enrolled. Patients were accrued between January 2015 and November 2017; the accrual rate was 0.63 patients/month. The most common reasons for exclusion were anticipated median survival outside the required range (n = 40), baseline Karnofsky Performance Score below 70 (n = 28) and more than 10 brain metastases (n = 28). The median follow-up was 7.0 months and the median survival was 7.0 months for all patients in the trial. The median intracranial progression-free survival was 1.8 months in the SRS arm and 9.2 months in the WBRT arm. There were five grade 3+ toxicities in the SRS arm and one grade 3+ toxicity in the WBRT arm; no grade 5 toxicities were observed. The cumulative rates of retreatment were 40% in the SRS arm and 40% in the WBRT arm.ConclusionsA randomised trial evaluating WBRT versus SRS in patients with one to 10 metastases and a poor prognosis is feasible. A slower than expected accrual rate and difficulties with accurate prognostication were identified as issues in this feasibility study. A larger phase III randomised trial is planned to determine the optimal treatment in this patient population.     

Dosimetric Evaluation of a Conformal Seven-field Coplanar Technique for Planning Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy

Aims

To assess the effectiveness of a seven-field coplanar planning technique in producing dosimetrically acceptable treatment plans when measured against the dose constraints of the ROSEL trial quality assurance working party.

Materials and methods

Nineteen patients with non-small cell lung cancer staged at T1-T2 underwent computed tomography scanning in preparation for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment. Planning target volumes ranged from 17 to 100 cm³. Dose plans were created with the enhanced collapsed cone algorithm on the Oncentra Masterplan treatment planning system using an open-field conformal coplanar technique. The plan acceptance criteria in the ROSEL study protocol were used for critical evaluation of the plans to determine their suitability for clinical use.

Results

Clinically acceptable plans were produced for 17 of the 19 patients with no more than two minor dosimetric deviations from protocol. The two patients where conflicts between adequate tumour coverage and unacceptably high doses to surrounding tissue could not be reconciled were characterised by low average Hounsfield Unit values in the planning target volume, i.e. less than about -700 Hounsfield Units. This tissue density was comparable with that of the surrounding healthy lung tissue.

Conclusion

This planning technique produces clinically acceptable plans for most lung stereotactic body radiotherapy patients without the need to resort to more complex methods of treatment planning and delivery.     

Early Impact of Pulmonary Fractionated Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy on Quality of Life:Benefit for Patients With Low Initial Scores (STRIPE Trial)

Introduction

Quality of life (QoL) of comorbid patients with pulmonary malignancies is a key issue in considering fractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) indication. This study investigates the early impact of SBRT on QoL.

UK Consensus on Normal Tissue Dose Constraints for Stereotactic Radiotherapy

Six UK studies investigating stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) are currently open. Many of these involve the treatment of oligometastatic disease at different locations in the body. Members of all the trial management groups collaborated to generate a consensus document on appropriate organ at risk dose constraints. Values from existing but older reviews were updated using data from current studies. It is hoped that this unified approach will facilitate standardised implementation of SABR across the UK and will allow meaningful toxicity comparisons between SABR studies and internationally.