Diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in soft tissue masses about superficial bone lesions.

We evaluated the value of ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in 20 soft tissues masses about superficial bone lesions in 20 oncology patients. Sonographically guided needle biopsies were performed without an on-site pathologist. A diagnostic sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 100% in separating a benign or a malignant lesion was obtained. Fine needle aspiration cytology allowed the specific cell type of malignancy to be diagnosed in 80% of cases, while core needle biopsy allowed it in 91%. Real-time ultrasonographic guidance permits precise needle placement into the targets, avoidance of hypervascular areas, and flexibility of patient positioning so that needle biopsy can be performed quickly and safely on soft tissue masses about superficial bone lesions.     

Effective ultrasonographically guided intervention for diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions.

Current algorithms recommend computed tomography or fluoroscopic guidance rather than ultrasonography for musculoskeletal intervention. We analyzed our ultrasonographically guided experience to evaluate its efficacy. Forty-seven patients underwent needle aspirates or biopsies or both in 13 extremity and 34 axial locations for 12 inflammatory lesions, 23 soft tissue masses, and 12 lesions arising from bone. Four lesions were initially imaged by ultrasonography; the remaining lesions were identified by computed tomography (25) or magnetic resonance imaging (18). Forty-six samples were diagnostic; one needle aspirate of an inflammatory mass yielded no diagnostic material. No complications occurred. Ultrasonographically guided musculoskeletal aspiration and biopsy are diagnostic and effective throughout the body, and with appropriate lesion access, they should be considered as an alternative to computed tomographic-guided procedures.     

Sonographically guided percutaneous needle biopsy of soft tissue masses with histopathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of sonographically guided percutaneous core biopsy of soft tissue masses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent sonographically guided biopsy of soft tissue masses at our institution during a 50-month period. Core biopsy histopathologic results were compared with surgical or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-three patients, 76 male and 107 female, with a mean age of 48.5 years were included in the study. Thirteen patients had more than 1 biopsy, and the total number of biopsies performed was 196. Five patients were lost to follow-up. Biopsy results were diagnostically accurate in 174 (91%) cases. Thirteen biopsies were inconclusive. No complications occurred. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy in separating malignant from benign lesions were 97%, 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided core needle biopsy is an accurate and safe means to obtain tissue samples for the histopathologic diagnosis of soft tissue masses. It obviates the need for open biopsy and should be performed routinely for treatment planning.     

Fourteen-gauge ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy of breast masses.

OBJECTIVE: Large-core needle biopsy of the breast can be performed with stereotactic or ultrasonographic guidance. However, ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy has notable advantages, including the absence of ionizing radiation, increased patient comfort, and greater cost-effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of breast cancer in palpable and nonpalpable breast masses. METHODS: The study was a retrospective review of consecutive ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsies for indeterminate breast masses. A total 424 ultrasonographically guided core biopsies were performed in 367 patients with 1 or more breast masses. Ultrasonographically guided core biopsy was performed with a 14-gauge spring-loaded needle and a freehand technique. Correlation of ultrasonographically guided core biopsy pathologic findings with subsequent surgical pathologic findings or long-term imaging follow-up was performed. RESULTS: Of 424 indeterminate breast lesions for which histopathologic findings were obtained by ultrasonographically guided core biopsy, 234 cancers were diagnosed. Twenty-eight additional lesions had either questionable but not definitively malignant pathologic features (n = 11) or radiologic-pathologic discordance (n = 17) and were surgically excised. Of these, 8 additional cancers were diagnosed. Patients or surgeons chose excision of 41 additional lesions that were benign on ultrasonographically guided core biopsy No cancer was found in these surgical specimens. One additional cancer was diagnosed at a 6-month imaging follow-up because of interval growth. On the basis of surgical and long-term imaging follow-up, the sensitivity of ultrasonographically guided core biopsy for the diagnosis of breast carcinoma was 99.2% (95% confidence interval, 95.6%-99.9%) in 173 palpable breast masses and 93.2% (95% confidence interval, 87.1%-97%) in 251 nonpalpable masses. In cancers diagnosed on the basis of immediate surgical excision as a result of ultrasonographically guided core biopsy that showed either questionable pathologic features or radiologic-pathologic discordance, the sensitivity of ultrasonographically guided core biopsy for the diagnosis of breast cancer was 99.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy is a sensitive percutaneous biopsy method for the diagnosis of breast cancer in palpable and nonpalpable breast masses.     

超声引导粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤中的诊断应用

目的探讨超声引导下粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法超声引导下应用自动活检枪和18G或16G活检针对77例四肢骨与软组织肿瘤行切割活检,将活检病理结果与手术切除病理或临床综合诊断结果进行对比研究,判断粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。结果粗针穿刺活检对四肢骨与软组织肿瘤良恶性分辨的诊断正确率为93.51%（72/77）,66.23%（51/77）能明确肿瘤的组织类型和分化程度,6.49%（5/77）的病例粗针穿刺活检不能明确肿瘤的良恶性。结论超声引导下粗针切割活检在四肢骨与软组织肿瘤的诊断中有较大的价值。     

超声引导经皮细针穿刺活检在胰腺占位性病变诊断中的作用

目的 探讨超声引导经皮细针穿刺组织学活检在胰腺占位性病变诊断中的价值。 方法 96例胰腺占位病变患者，用BARD自动活检枪和20G活检切割针行超声引导下经皮穿刺活检。 结果 本组穿刺活检成功率100％，取材满意率83．3％（80／96）。90例获得明确病理诊断，包括胰腺癌61例，胰腺囊腺癌15例，胰腺炎性病变13例，无功能性胰岛细胞瘤1例，6例因组织标本量少未提示病理诊断，本组诊断准确性93．7％，无严重并发症发生。 结论 超声引导经皮细针穿刺胰腺病变组织学活检是一种简便、安全、有效、诊断准确性高的方法，可使多数患者获得明确的病理诊断，为临床治疗提供依据。     

Ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors.

In 65 patients an ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy was performed for histologic diagnosis of benign and malignant soft tissue and bone tumors. On the basis of the histopathologic findings, a final diagnosis could be made in 54 cases after sonographically guided needle biopsy of the soft tissue tumor component. In addition, tumor grouping was possible in seven cases; however, due to the small volume of the biopsy specimen, further tumor differentiation proved to be unsuccessful. A definite diagnosis was not possible in four patients, who had mainly cystoid tumors; however, malignancy could be ruled out in three of these cases. The decisive advantage of the ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy procedure over what is known as a blind tumor biopsy is that the biopsy needle can be positioned exactly by means of imaging control. The ultrasound screen enables the user to monitor the biopsy procedure; multiple biopsies of different parts of the tumor soft tissue component can be performed using a single needle tract. No complications occurred in our study. Because of the far-reaching consequences of ultrasonographically guided needle biopsy, this type of procedure should be performed only at tumor centers.     

The utility of ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy: results from 500 consecutive breast biopsies.

Five hundred ultrasonographically guided large-core needle breast biopsies of solid masses were performed in 446 women. Histopathologic results were correlated with imaging findings. Ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy resulted in diagnosis of malignancy (n = 124) or severe atypical ductal hyperplasia (n = 4) in 128 lesions (26%). In the remaining 372 lesions (74%), ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy yielded benign pathologic results. Follow-up of more than 1 year (n = 225), results of surgical excision (n = 50), or both were obtainable in 275 (74%) of the benign lesions. No malignancies were discovered at surgical excision or during follow-up of this group of benign lesions. There were no complications related to large-core needle biopsy that required additional treatment. Ultrasonographically guided large-core needle biopsy is a safe and accurate method for evaluating breast lesions that require tissue sampling.     

Preferential use of sonographically guided biopsy to minimize patient discomfort and procedure time in a percutaneous image-guided breast biopsy program.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preferential use of sonographic guidance for percutaneous biopsy of breast masses results in a subset of patients with a shorter procedure time and less discomfort compared with patients undergoing stereotactic biopsy. METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed on 193 women undergoing percutaneous image-guided breast biopsy between 1997 and 1999. Data were collected on room time, physician time, and patient comfort levels for 122 stereotactic and 71 sonographically guided biopsies. Differences between stereotactic and sonographically guided biopsy for all lesions and for masses were analyzed for statistical significance. RESULTS: Mean room times were 62.2 minutes for stereotactic biopsy and 39.4 minutes for sonographically guided biopsy (P < .0001). Mean physician times were 23.0 minutes for stereotactic biopsy and 15.8 minutes for sonographically guided biopsy (P < .0001). When we limited our analyses to women undergoing biopsy for masses, the difference in physician time largely disappeared, but the difference in room time remained (P < .0001). Women undergoing stereotactic biopsy were more likely to report discomfort due to body positioning than were women undergoing sonographically guided biopsy (P < .001). These differences existed whether we included all lesions or restricted our analyses to masses. CONCLUSIONS: Preferential use of sonographically guided breast biopsy for masses results in shorter procedure times and less patient discomfort compared with prone stereotactic biopsy.     

超声引导下乳腺小病变的活检

目的评估实时超声引导下穿刺活检对乳腺小病变良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法21例乳腺小病变均经高频超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,并根据二维声像特征按Stasrov分类法将乳腺小病变分成恶性组(5例)、性质未定组(13例)及良性组(3例)。所有病例均在实时超声引导下行乳腺活检取得病理诊断。结果高频彩超诊断为恶性可能组的5例中,3例活检病理证实为恶性肿瘤,2例活检病理为良性,误诊率为40%;高频彩超诊断为性质未定组13例中除1例活检病理证实为恶性外,其余12例活检病理均为良性。高频彩超诊断为良性组3例,活检病理均为良性。21例中有7例乳腺病变作手术切除,术后病理与穿刺病理相一致。结论实时超声引导下行乳腺小病变穿刺活检,可以进一步提高早期乳腺癌的确诊率,是一种理想的术前诊断方法之一。     

EUS-guided fine needle biopsy: minimally invasive access to metastatic or recurrent cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a sensitive technique for preoperative staging of gastrointestinal tumors. However, the value of this technique in the diagnosis of metastatic or recurrent disease is limited by the inability to differentiate malignant and benign lesions. We have prospectively investigated the role of EUS-guided biopsy in the evaluation of peri-intestinal tumors. METHODS: EUS-guided biopsy was performed in 167 patients with thoracic, intra-abdominal or pelvic lesions. The upper gastrointestinal tract was examined with a flexible echoendoscope equipped with a 7.5 MHz curved array transducer. For transrectal EUS a rigid endoprobe with a bifocal multiplane transducer (10 MHz) was used. Both instruments allowed to observe the biopsy procedure exactly in the longitudinal scan plane. RESULTS: Real time ultrasonography guidance of the biopsy needle enabled precise tissue sampling even of small lesions with a diameter of 1 cm. Overall EUS-guided fine needle biopsy yielded tissue samples for histopathologic or cytologic analysis in of 151 of 167 patients. Histology demonstrated benign lesions in 71 of 74 patients and malignant tumors in 68 of 93 patients. EUS-guided fine needle biopsy failed to provide the correct diagnosis in 28 cases. The overall sensitivity and specificity of EUS-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of malignancy were 73 and 96%, respectively. The histopathological results changed the clinical and endosonographic diagnosis in 49 patients. No complications were observed related to the biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided needle biopsy is a safe and efficient method for tissue sampling of peri-intestinal lesions. This minimally invasive technique provides adequate biopsies and improves the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography considerably.     

Safety and efficacy of sonographically guided random core biopsy for diffuse liver disease.

Sonographic guidance is commonly used in the biopsy of focal hepatic lesions, but biopsy for diffuse disease is often non-image-guided. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of real-time sonographically guided random core biopsy in the assessment of diffuse liver disease in 210 patients. The two most common indications for biopsy were viral hepatitis (in 113 patients) and elevated liver function test results of unknown cause (in 54 patients). Ultrasonography and pathology reports were reviewed retrospectively to determine number of needle passes and final diagnoses. Adequate tissue was obtained in all 210 patients, with 259 of 269 (96%) passes having been successful. Specimens were submitted for light microscopy and other tests as indicated. No difference in success rates was found for right and left lobe biopsies. No major complications occurred. Minor complications occurred in 10 of 210 (4.8%) patients and were self-limited. Sonographically guided core liver biopsy is a safe and effective method for the diagnosis of liver disease.     

Value of four-dimensional ultrasonography in ultrasonographically guided biopsy of hepatic masses.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of four-dimensional ultrasonography (dynamic three-dimensional ultrasonography with the added dimension of time) in ultrasonographically guided biopsy procedures of focal hepatic masses. METHODS: Four-dimensional ultrasonographically guided biopsy experiments using a freehand technique were performed in phantoms that simulated human liver tissue and had target material. After the protocol was determined and Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, 12 patients underwent four-dimensional ultrasonographically guided biopsy of focal hepatic masses by informed consent. Planar images using 3 orthogonal planes plus a volume-rendered image were used for real-time guidance during the biopsy procedure. RESULTS: Four-dimensional ultrasonography improved visualization of biopsy devices in all 12 patients (100%) regardless of minor changes in transducer position during the biopsy procedures. Four-dimensional ultrasonography allowed more intuitive apprehension of the spatial relationship of the needle and the target lesion and thus helped in adjusting the needle to an optimal prefiring position in 8 patients (67%). With regard to procedure time, four-dimensional ultrasonographically guided biopsy was comparable with standard two-dimensional ultrasonographically guided techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with standard two-dimensional ultrasonographically guided biopsy, four-dimensional ultrasonography provides improved visualization of biopsy devices and more perceptible information on the spatial relationship between the biopsy needle and the target lesion.     

Sonographically guided core needle biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of sonography (US)-guided needle biopsy in the diagnosis of soft tissue masses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with a mean age of 49 years were enrolled in the study. The size of the biopsy needle was selected according to the kind of tumor suspected (ie, primary or metastatic). In patients with suspected metastases, smaller biopsy needles were used; in patients with suspected primary tumors, larger needles were used so that larger specimens could be obtained. Prebiopsy color Doppler sonography (CDUS) was routinely used to guide the cutting needle to areas of the lesion showing sufficient vascularity. From 3 to 6 cores were obtained, depending on their quality. We compared the diagnoses yielded by the core biopsy and the final histopathologic analysis of the resected tumor by classifying the results as "concordant" or "discordant." RESULTS: A total of 37 tumors were examined. Final diagnoses were 24 malignant tumors (6 metastases and 18 primary tumors) and 13 benign tumors. The lesions were diagnosed correctly as either benign or malignant in 35 of the 36 cases for which needle biopsy specimens were adequate, with only 1 misdiagnosis. The diagnoses were concordant in 33 cases (17 primary malignant tumors, 6 metastatic tumors, and 10 benign tumors) and were discordant diagnosis in the other 4 cases (1 primary malignant tumor and 3 benign tumors). No complications were attributable to the needle biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: US-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of soft tissue neoplasms is an easy, safe, and useful procedure. It can be considered a first-line procedure for the acquisition of tissue specimens adequate for histopathologic diagnosis.     

Sonographic appearance of ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed with ultrasonographically guided large core needle biopsy: correlation with mammographic and pathologic findings.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate sonographic features of ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed percutaneously at ultrasonographically guided large core needle biopsy. Of 619 biopsies, 203 breast carcinomas were diagnosed, of which nine were pure ductal carcinoma in situ. All ductal carcinoma in situ lesions appeared sonographically as hypoechoic masses without a pseudocapsule. Grade 1 lesions (n = 2; mean size, 9.5 mm), grade 2 lesions (n = 4; mean size, 18 mm) and grade 3 lesions (n = 3; mean size, 32 mm) had means of 0, 1, and 5 malignant sonographic features, respectively. Ductal carcinoma in situ appeared mammographically as a mass, with two of four grade 2 lesions and all grade 3 lesions demonstrating suspicious microcalcifications. One grade 3 ductal carcinoma in situ was spiculated. In conclusion, ductal carcinoma in situ lesions tended to show more malignant mammographic and sonographic features as histologic grade and size increased.     

Sonographically guided core biopsy in the assessment of thyroid nodules

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the value of sonographically guided core biopsy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparison with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performed with and without sonographic guidance. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 645 thyroid samples obtained at a single center. Samples came from 422 patients who underwent FNAC (with or without sonographic guidance), sonographically guided core biopsy, or excision of thyroid tissue with or without prior frozen sectioning. Final diagnoses were obtained from surgery or clinical follow-up. Initial and final diagnoses were compared. RESULTS: Adequate samples for assessment were obtained in 87% of core biopsies, compared with 60% of cytology aspirates (p <0.001). Sonographically guided core biopsy and sonographically guided FNAC both had zero false-negative rates for the diagnosis of malignancy, compared with a 7.0% false-negative rate (95% confidence interval, 2.0-12.0%) for aspiration cytology when sonography was not used. With core biopsy, 11% of patients required surgical confirmation of the diagnosis, compared with 43% of patients following FNAC (p <0.001). There were no major complications following core biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided core biopsy provides an accurate and safe alternative to FNAC in the assessment of thyroid nodules.     

彩色多普勒超声对浅表软组织肿物的诊断价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对浅表软组织肿物的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2008年111月70例经手术、活检病理证实的浅表软组织肿物的声像图特征,包括肿物的部位、形态大小、内部回声、边界及其与周边组织的关系、长径与厚度比值（L/T）及病变周边与内部血流分布情况。结果超声对浅表肿块病灶的显示率为100%,良性肿瘤有脂肪瘤、表皮囊肿、滑膜囊肿、神经鞘瘤,血管瘤、异物肉芽肿等,恶性肿物包括皮肤纤维肉瘤,转移性腺癌。结论彩色多普勒超声对浅表肿块的检出、定位及物理性质可做出准确的诊断,综合分析肿物的边界、形态、内部回声及血流分布等特点对肿物的良恶性诊断具有重要价值。     

Intramuscular myxoma: sonographic appearance and sonographically guided needle biopsy.

The sonographic appearances of four intramuscular myxomas were reviewed. These tumors appeared as well-defined, ovoid masses surrounded by normal muscle. The echogenicity was decreased in all cases, and the presence of small fluid-filled clefts and cystic areas was noted in three of the four lesions. Color Doppler examination was performed in two cases and was negative. Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy yielded a thick myxoid substance. Large-core cutting needle biopsy allowed establishment of the diagnosis in one of the two cases in which it was performed. The differential diagnosis of a well-demarcated intramuscular mass with multiple fluid-filled clefts or cystic areas should include intramuscular myxoma.     

The development and evaluation of a three-dimensional ultrasound-guided breast biopsy apparatus

We have designed a prototype three-dimensional ultrasound guidance (3D USB) apparatus to improve the breast biopsy procedure. Features from stereotactic mammography and free-hand US-guided biopsy have been combined with 3D US imaging. This breast biopsy apparatus accurately guides a needle into position for the sampling of target tissue. We have evaluated this apparatus in three stages. First, by testing the placement accuracy of a needle in a tissue mimicking phantom. Second, with tissue mimicking phantoms that had embedded lesions for biopsy. Finally, by comparison to free-hand US-guided biopsy, using chicken breast phantoms. The first two stages of evaluation quantified the mechanical biases in the 3D USB apparatus. Compensating for these, a 96% success rate in targeting 3.2 mm "lesions" in chicken breast phantoms was achieved when using the 3D USB apparatus. The expert radiologists performing biopsies with free-hand US guidance achieved a 94.5% success rate. This has proven an equivalence between our apparatus, operated by non-experts, and free-hand biopsy performed by expert radiologists, for 3.2 mm lesions in vitro, with a 95% confidence.     

超声引导下经皮穿刺活检诊断纵隔肿瘤

目的探讨超声引导下应用自动活检装置经皮纵隔肿瘤穿刺的安全性和组织诊断学的准确性。方法在超声引导下使用16G或18G活检针内槽式穿刺自动活检装置,对36例纵隔肿瘤行102次穿刺获取病理组织。结果穿刺获取病变组织成功率为100％,病理结合免疫组化确诊34例,确诊率为94．4％（34／36）,无一例并发症。结论超声引导下应用自动活检装置经皮纵隔穿刺获取病理组织安全、经济、病人易接受且结果可靠,是临床确诊纵隔肿瘤的好方法。