腹腔镜下子宫颈癌前哨淋巴结活检的临床意义

目的探讨腹腔镜下前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）活检在早期子宫颈癌治疗中的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2008年2月～2009年4月我院收治的36例行SLN活检的宫颈癌患者的临床资料。术前在宫颈3、6、9、12四点（避开癌灶）注射亚甲蓝各1ml,打开后腹膜观察淋巴结、淋巴管蓝染情况,记录淋巴管的走行和SLN的分布,之后行盆腔淋巴结清扫术。结果SLN检出率83%（30/36）,20例术前无放化疗者SLN检出率90%（18/20）,16例术前化疗者SLN检出率75%（12/16）。15例检出双侧SLN,15例检出单侧SLN,共有45侧盆腔检出SLN。宫颈癌SLN最常见的部位是闭孔窝78%（35/45）、髂内动脉31%（14/45）和髂外血管27%（12/45）。结论对早期宫颈癌行腹腔镜下SLN活检是安全可行的,SLN活检为子宫颈癌的个体化治疗提供了新的参考指标。     

前哨区域淋巴结活检术在早期乳腺癌中的应用分析

目的探讨早期乳腺癌患者在行前哨区域淋巴结(SALN)活检术后,SALN数目与非前哨区域淋巴结(NSALN)转移的相关性。方法回顾性选取2016年1月—2021年7月于皖南医学院弋矶山医院甲乳外科行SALN活检的400例早期乳腺癌女性患者,对其临床病例资料进行归纳和分析。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。对研究指标先进行单因素分析,然后筛选出差异具有统计学意义的指标再进行多因素Logistic回归分析,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线,结合曲线下面积,建立预测模型。结果400例早期乳腺癌患者均行SALN活检术,320例全乳切除共检出1504枚淋巴结,平均4.7枚,47例宏转移,术后宏转移2例,假阴性率为4.3%。SALN阳性67例,阳性率为16.75%(67/400)。单因素分析结果显示,脉管癌栓、SALN阳性数目与NSALN转移密切相关(χ^(2)=8.775、16.53,P=0.003)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,脉管癌栓、SLN阳性数≥3枚是NSLN转移的独立预测风险因子(OR=16.149,95%CI:3.016~86.473,P<0.001;OR=31.76,95%CI:5.242~192.43,P<0.001)。SALN阳性与NSALN转移密切相关,但是随着检出SALN数量增多(大于6枚)并且在SALN只有1~2枚阳性的情况下,NSALN发生转移的概率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论SALN阳性数目、脉管癌栓与NSALN转移关系密切。SALN阳性数目≥3枚是NSALN转移最主要的独立预测因素。采用SALN活检术可增加前哨淋巴结检出数,降低NSALN复发风险,如1~2枚阳性前哨淋巴结时,并且前哨淋巴结的检出数>6枚的时候,可酌情免除腋窝淋巴结清扫。     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌中的临床应用

目的 探讨术中前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN）定位和活检（SLNB）对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结（axillary lymph node,ALN）转移的准确性.方法 对48例乳腺癌患者术前10min用亚甲蓝注射液4ml注射到肿瘤周围或活检腔的正常乳腺组织,进行SLN定位和活检,然后行乳腺癌改良根治术.结果 SLNB的检出成功率为95.8%,准确率为97.8%,假阴性率3.0%,假阳性率为0.结论 用亚甲蓝作SLN定位进行SLNB能准确预测乳腺癌ALN转移状态.     

腹腔镜下胃癌前哨淋巴结标示的临床应用及意义

目的：探讨腹腔镜下胃癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测的可行性及SLN活检预测胃周淋巴结转移状况的准确性,评价SLN活检在指导胃癌手术治疗中的应用价值。方法：2010年3—11月诊断明确的126例胃癌,在腹腔镜胃癌切除术中向肿瘤边缘正常胃壁浆膜下肌层、黏膜下层注射亚甲蓝标示SLN,腔镜下识别和切取蓝染淋巴结活检。以术后所有切除的胃周淋巴结常规病理检查结果为诊断金标准,观察SLN活检对预测胃周淋巴结有无肿瘤转移的准确性。结果：116例成功检测出SLN,检出率92．1％（116／126）。62例有淋巴结转移,其中前哨淋巴结与非前哨淋巴结（nSLN）均有转移47例,仅前哨淋巴结有转移10例,仅非前哨淋巴结有转移5例。前哨淋巴结预测胃周淋巴结转移的敏感性为91．9％（57／62）,准确率为94．0％（109／116）,假阴性率为8．1％（5／62）。结论：腹腔镜下胃癌SLN检测可行。通过SLN,术中能准确预测胃癌淋巴结转移状况,淋巴结转移阴性的胃癌患者,有望免除常规淋巴清扫。     

淋巴绘图和前哨淋巴结定位在腹腔镜结肠癌切除术中的应用

目的 探讨淋巴绘图(LM)和前哨淋巴结(SLN)定位分析在腹腔镜结肠癌手术中的应用价值.方法 32例结肠癌患者,术中在纤维电子肠镜辅助下,将0.5～1.0 mL异硫蓝染剂注射在瘤体四周的黏膜下层,随即通过腹腔镜观察,蓝染的SLN清晰可见.结肠采用标准术式切除.所有淋巴结经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色,对每一个SLN进行多点取材,同时进行HE染色及抗细胞角蛋白免疫组织化学(IHC)染色双重病理检查.结果 所有患者在腹腔镜下至少识别1个SLN.94%成功检出SLN,并正确反映了该区域淋巴结的肿瘤状况.8例(25.0%)蓝染的淋巴管系超出了术前预计范围,术中实行了宽系膜切除.4例(12.5%)患者的SLN经HE染色阴性而IHC染色证实存在微转移灶.结论 SLN绘图在腹腔镜结肠癌切除术中,可以指导切除范围;联合应用IHC染色可以提高肿瘤分期,将对患者手术方式的选择和预后评估更加准确.     

亚甲蓝检测阴茎癌前哨淋巴结在腹股沟淋巴结清扫中的意义

目的:探讨亚甲蓝检测阴茎癌前哨淋巴结(SN)在腹股沟淋巴结清扫中的意义。方法:22例阴茎癌患者采取阴茎原发病灶切除同时,采用亚甲蓝检测腹股沟SN作活检,并选择SN转移病例及时行该侧腹股沟区淋巴结清扫术,计算该方法的准确度,假阴性率。结果:95%(21/22)的患者术中可检测到SN,19例患者两侧均可检测到SN,2例为单侧。21例患者中40枚SN,其中阳性淋巴结11例(27.5%)。4例腹股沟SN阴性患者在随访中出现腹股沟淋巴结或盆腔淋巴结转移。亚甲蓝在检查阴茎癌SN阳性预测率100%,准确度81%,其中假阴性率28%。结论:本方法术前准备简单,操作方便,费用较低,可作为一种经济有效的检测方式。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中前哨淋巴结定位方法的探讨

目的：比较、评价纳米碳混悬液与亚甲蓝应用于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术前哨淋巴结标记的差异、优劣及其临床应用价值。方法：将50例结直肠癌患者随机分为两组,分别于腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中采用纳米碳、亚甲蓝进行前哨淋巴结定位活检,记录两种方法检出前哨淋巴结的数量及分布情况,比较两组检出总淋巴结数及前哨淋巴结检测的成功率、准确性、敏感性、特异性、假阴性率。结果：两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。纳米碳组平均检出淋巴结（16.1±1.02）枚,明显多于亚甲蓝组（12.7±1.10,P=0.025）。纳米碳组23例检出前哨淋巴结,共43枚,平均（1.87±0.18）枚;亚甲蓝组20例检出前哨淋巴结,共23枚,平均（1.15±0.11）枚,两组差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）。纳米碳组前哨淋巴结检出成功率、准确性、敏感性、特异性、假阴性率等均优于亚甲蓝组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中使用纳米碳混悬液进行前哨淋巴结活检效果明显优于亚甲蓝,且有助于淋巴结的清扫,并指导病理分期。     

核素染料联合法在早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检手术中的临床应用

目的探讨99Tcm-硫胶体和亚甲蓝蓝染料联合进行前哨淋巴结活检(sentinel lymph node biopsy,SLNB)在早期乳腺癌中的临床应用价值。方法本组201例患者均采用亚甲蓝蓝染料、99Tcm-硫胶体及两者联合应用进行SLNB,并记录相关临床病理数据,进行统计分析。结果 201例患者中成功检出前哨淋巴结(sentinellymph node,SLN)200例,其中染料法、核素法及联合法的SLN检出率分别为85.4%(170/199)、99.5%(200/201)和99.5%(198/199),染料法的SLN检出率较低(P<0.001);准确率分别为95.3%(162/170)、94.5%(189/200)和98.0%(194/198),差异无统计学意义(P=0.185);假阴性率分别为11.3%(8/71)、13.9%(11/79)和5.1%(4/79),差异无统计学意义(P=0.165)。联合法比染料法或核素法能检出更多的SLN(P<0.001)。相对于联合法,染料法和核素法分别有12例和7例SLN癌转移的患者漏检,漏诊率分别为16.0%(12/75)和9.3%(7/75)。结论联合法的SLN检出率较高,能检出更多的SLN,临床实践中应尽量采用联合法进行SLNB。     

亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的方法及意义

探讨用亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结方法的可行性.根据亚甲蓝注射部位、注入亚甲蓝后取前哨淋巴结时间分组,注入部位分肿瘤周围、乳晕区、肿瘤皮下,注入亚甲蓝后探查前哨淋巴结时间分10min、15min、20 min.结果显示,亚甲蓝示踪乳腺癌前哨淋巴结时应以肿瘤周围或肿瘤皮下注射为宜;为避免出现假阳性及假阴性,注射亚甲蓝后取淋巴结时间尽量掌握在15 min.     

胃癌前哨淋巴结术中定位和病理学检查

目的探讨肿瘤前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检技术在胃癌诊疗中应用的可行性。方法将38例胃癌患者,按肿瘤浸润深度分组,用术中注射美蓝的方法定位前哨淋巴结,用细胞角蛋白(CK-19)免疫组织化学染色判断淋巴结转移情况。结果38例患者全部检出SLN(100%)。出现淋巴结转移的有18例,其中SLN出现转移的有15例。SLN预测淋巴结癌转移的敏感性、假阴性率和准确率分别为83.3%、16.7%和92.1%;胃癌T1组无SLN假阴性者,准确率100%;T2组有1例假阴性者,准确率94.1%;T3组假阴性2例,准确率6/8例。结论采用肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝的方法术中定位淋巴结为可行的SLN术中定位方法。     

乳腺癌腔镜前哨淋巴结活检83例临床分析

目的探讨染料法腔镜腋窝前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌中的可行性和临床意义。方法应用亚甲蓝染色法对83例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌行腔镜前哨淋巴结活检(ESLNB),然后行腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫(EALND)。对获取的全部淋巴结行病理检查,评价前哨淋巴结检出率、准确率及假阴性率。结果83例中73例检出前哨淋巴结,检出率87.9%(73/83)。ESLNB准确率97.3%(71/73),灵敏性88.2%(15/17),特异性100.0%(56/56)。结论染料法腔镜腋窝前哨淋巴结活检临床可行,能够对早期乳腺癌进行准确分期,但体重指数高、肿瘤部位在内侧、术前肿瘤切除活检、腔镜技术欠熟练等是影响前哨淋巴结检出的主要因素。     

Limits of Day-Before Lymphoscintigraphy to Localize Sentinel Nodes in Women with Cervical Cancer

Background  Lymph node status in cervical cancer is a major prognostic factor. Sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy using radiocolloid and blue dye labeling and preoperative lymphoscintigraphy has emerged as a potential alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy to SN biopsy. Methods  Between April 2001 and December 2005, 71 of 77 patients with cervical cancer (38 patients with stages IA or IB1, and 39 patients with stage IB2, IIA or IIB) underwent laparoscopic SN procedure using radiocolloid and blue dye with day-before lymphoscintigraphy. The SN identification rates and false-negative rates were studied. Results  Seventy patients underwent a combined technique and the last patient a radiocolloid technique alone due to blue dye allergic reaction. Detection rate of lymphoscintigraphy was 84.5% (60/71), with 1.4 sentinel nodes per patient. Three of 11 patients (27.3%) with no SN on lymphoscintigraphy had at least one SN during surgery. Sixteen of 27 patients (59.3%) with solitary SN on lymphoscintigraphy had multiple SNs. Nine of 35 patients (25.7%) with unilateral SNs on lymphoscintigraphy had bilateral SNs at surgery (kappa = 0.44 [0.19–0.64]). When categorized into <2 and ≥2 sentinel nodes, the correlation between lymphoscintigraphic and surgical detection was poor (kappa = 0.05 [0.0–0.18]). Conclusions  SN biopsy is a feasible and accurate method to stage early cervical cancer. However, day-before lymphoscintigraphy is poorly correlated to surgical SN mapping.     

The Impact on Post-surgical Treatment of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy of Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes in Patients with Breast Cancer

Background Since the introduction of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in breast cancer patients there is a renewed interest in lymphatic drainage to the internal mammary (IM) chain nodes. We evaluated the frequency of lymphatic drainage to the IM chain, the rate of SLNs that contain metastases and the clinical implications of IM LN metastases. Methods Between June 1999 and April 2005 506 consecutive patients underwent SLN biopsy as a staging procedure for clinically T1-2N0 breast cancer. In all patients preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was combined with the intraoperative use of a gammaprobe. In patients with IM SLNs visualized on lymphoscintigraphy, LNs were extirpated through an intercostal parasternal incision. Results SLNs were visualized by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in 99% of all patients (502/506): axillary SLNs in 499 patients (99%), ipsilateral IM LNs in 109 patients (22%). In 85 patients with visualized IM SLNs the IM nodes could be removed (78%). In 20 of the latter 85 patients IM SLNs contained metastases (24%). IM metastases were associated with axillary LN metastases (P < 0.001). In 17 patients IM metastases led to extension of the radiotherapy field, while additional (adjuvant) systemic therapy was given in six patients. Conclusion SLNs in the IM chain are common in breast cancer patients and can be extirpated in the majority of these patients. The proportion of patients in whom radiotherapeutic treatment was adjusted due to IM LN metastases was substantial. We advocate retrieval of IM SLNs when visualized by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy. No financial support was received for this study.     

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer

The role of axillary surgery for the treatment of primary breast cancer is in a process of constant change. During the last decade, axillary dissection with removal of at least 10 lymph nodes (ALD) was replaced by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as a staging procedure. Since then, the indication for SLNB rapidly expanded. Today's surgical strategies aim to minimize the rate of patients with a negative axillary status who undergo ALD. For some subgroups of patients, the indication for SLNB (e.g. multicentric disease, large tumors) or its implication for treatment planning (micrometastatic involvement, neoadjuvant chemotherapy) is being discussed. Although the indication for ALD is almost entirely restricted to patients with positive axillary lymph nodes today, the therapeutic effect of completion ALD is more and more questioned. On the other hand, the diagnostic value of ALD in node-positive patients is discussed. This article reflects today's standards in axillary surgery and discusses open issues on the diagnostic and therapeutic role of SLNB and ALD in the treatment of early breast cancer.     

结直肠癌前哨淋巴结活检的研究进展

目的 了解前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检技术在结直肠癌领域的应用现状。方法 复习国外近5年的文献并加以综述。结果 SLN状态可以准确预测结直肠癌区域淋巴结群的肿瘤转移情况，对SLN行集中、细致的分析有助于发现传统病理学检查遗漏的微转移灶，从而使部分患者肿瘤分期上调。结论 结直肠癌SLN活检是一种切实可行的技术，有望为临床判断区域淋巴结群受累状况提供一种新的手段，从而有助于更准确的肿瘤分期。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的研究进展

目的 报道乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的研究进展。方法 采用文献回顾的方法，对国外乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的历史、概念、活检技术以及临床应用等问题进行综述。结果 乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的操作方法还没有统一的标准，检出率及假阴性率变化范围广。结论 前哨淋巴结活检的临床应用还需要大量前瞻性多中心随机实验结果进一步论证。     

临床腋淋巴结阴性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检术（ｓｅｎｔｉｎｅｌ ｌｙｍｐｈ ｎｏｄｅ ｂｉｏｐｓｙ, ＳＬＮＢ）在乳腺癌治疗中的应用。方法：使用专利蓝和美蓝染色,对１９９９年９月～２００１年４月连续收治的１４５例临床查体腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌病人行前哨淋巴结活检术。结果：ＳＬＮＢ成功率为９６．５％（１４０／１４５）,假阴性率为２３．５％,准确率为９１．４％。病人年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤部位、注射染料类型及是否活检对成功率和假阴性率无影响。结论：ＳＬＮＢ能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况,在缩小手术范围、减少术后并发症的同时,提高了腋窝淋巴结分期的准确性;美蓝与专利蓝均可成功确定ＳＬＮ。     

Criteria in Sentinel Lymph Nodes of Melanoma Patients that Predict Involvement of Nonsentinel Lymph Nodes

Background Previous studies described various criteria in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of melanoma patients that predict the involvement of further, nonsentinel lymph nodes (NSLN). Such criteria may facilitate the selection of patients who might benefit from a completion lymph node dissection (CLND). However, it is currently unclear which parameters are most important. Methods A total of 180 melanoma patients with positive SLNB and subsequent CLND were investigated. Histopathologic parameters in the SLN were systematically evaluated and compared with regard to NSLN positivity. Twenty-eight of these patients (16.0%) had positive NSLN. Results By univariate analysis several criteria with regard to tumor burden and location of melanoma cells in the SLN correlated with NSLN involvement, such as positivity by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining (P < .001), largest diameter of clusters (P < .001), capsular involvement (P = .001), extranodal extension (P < .001), and tumor penetrative depth (P < .001). Multivariate analysis revealed three independent parameters: (1) positivity of the SLN by H&E staining (versus by immunohistochemistry alone), (2) relative tumor burden >10% of total lymph node tissue, and (3) perinodal intralymphatic tumor. In 23 of 28 patients with positive NSLN the SLN was positive by H&E staining, in 15 of 28 patients the relative tumor burden was >10%, and 13 of 28 showed perinodal intralymphatic tumor. In 5 of 28 patients with NSLN involvement, these three parameters were negative. Conclusions Histopathologic examination of the SLN can identify patients at risk for NSLN positivity.