不同浓度依达拉奉预处理对新生大鼠脑片谷氨酸损伤的保护作用

目的:观察不同浓度的依达拉奉(Eda)预处理对大鼠大脑皮层脑片谷氨酸(Glu)损伤的保护作用。方法:体外离体培养新生大鼠皮层脑片,将脑片随机分成对照组、Glu组、50μmol/L Eda(Eda 50)组、100μmol/LEda(Eda100)组;对照组脑片用正常培养基培养,Glu组脑片给予含有1 mmol/L Glu培养基作用30 min,Eda两组脑片在Glu损伤前给予不同浓度Eda预处理24 h,接着给予含有1 mmol/L Glu培养基作用30 min,Glu损伤后24 h用2,3,5-三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色定量分析脑片活性并计算组织损伤百分率,测定脑片乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量及释放率。结果:与对照组相比,Glu组和不同浓度Eda组脑片LDH释放率增高,TTC染色OD490值下降;与Glu组比较,不同浓度Eda组脑片LDH释放率降低,TTC染色的OD490值增高,Eda100组脑片LDH释放率低于Eda50组,TTC染色OD490值高于Eda50组。结论:依达拉奉预处理对Glu损伤后大鼠大脑皮层脑片有剂量依赖性的神经保护作用。     

Protective Effects of Different Concentrations of Edaravone Pretreatment against Glutamate Neurotoxicity to Brain Slices of Neonatal Rat

目的:观察不同浓度的依达拉奉(Eda)预处理对大鼠大脑皮层脑片谷氨酸(Glu)损伤的保护作用.方法:体外离体培养新生大鼠皮层脑片,将脑片随机分成对照组、Glu组、50 μmol/L Eda( Eda 50)组、100 μnol/LEda( Eda100)组;对照组脑片用正常培养基培养,Glu组脑片给予含有1mmol/L Glu培养基作用30 min,Eda两组脑片在Glu损伤前给予不同浓度Eda预处理24h,接着给予含有1mmol/L Glu培养基作用30 min,Glu损伤后24h用2,3,5-三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色定量分析脑片活性并计算组织损伤百分率,测定脑片乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量及释放率.结果:与对照组相比,Glu组和不同浓度Eda组脑片LDH释放率增高,TIC染色OD490值下降;与Glu组比较,不同浓度Eda组脑片LDH释放率降低,TTC染色的OD490值增高,Eda100组脑片LDH释放率低于Eda50组,TTC染色0D490值高于Eda50组.结论:依达拉奉预处理对Glu损伤后大鼠大脑皮层脑片有剂量依赖性的神经保护作用.     

黄芩苷对大鼠脑片缺氧缺糖损伤的保护作用

目的探讨黄芩苷对大鼠脑片缺氧缺糖损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法建立大鼠离体脑片缺氧缺糖和谷氨酸损伤模型,设立对照组、缺氧缺糖(OGD)或谷氨酸(Glu)组、黄芩苷10mg/L和30mg/L组.通过脑片病理切片、HE染色、TTC染色以及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测定,评价不同浓度黄芩苷对脑损伤的保护作用.结果不同浓度黄芩苷(10 mg/L和30mg/L)抑制了脑片缺血缺氧或谷氨酸所致的TTC染色吸光度的降低,减少LDH释放并降低缺血缺氧所致皮层神经细胞的病理性损伤.结论黄芩苷对大鼠脑片缺氧缺糖性损伤具有一定的保护作用,作用机制可能与其抑制了兴奋性氨基酸毒性有关.     

丙泊酚对大鼠脑片不同性质损伤的影响

目的　考察丙泊酚对能量代谢障碍、兴奋性氨基酸、氧自由基 3种脑片损伤模型的作用效果。方法　建立大鼠皮层和海马脑片的缺氧缺糖、谷氨酸、过氧化氢损伤模型 ,每个损伤实验又分别设立对照组、损伤组、丙泊酚加损伤组 (浓度为 5、5 0及 10 0 μmol/L) ,每组大鼠 4例。采用新鲜脑片TTC染色比色法 ,测定各组脑片TTC染色的变化 ,比较丙泊酚对不同性质脑损伤作用效果。结果　和对照组比较 ,缺氧缺糖、谷氨酸和过氧化氢明显降低皮层和海马脑片TTC染色吸光度值 (A490 )。和损伤组比较 ,低、中剂量丙泊酚对缺氧缺糖和谷氨酸损伤所致A490 降低无作用 ,大剂量 (10 0 μmol/L)加重脑片TTC染色A490 降低 (P <0 0 1)。 5 μmol/L丙泊酚明显抑制过氧化氢损伤所致皮层和海马脑片TTC染色A490 降低 (P <0 0 1) ,大剂量时该作用消失 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　低剂量 (5 μmol/L)丙泊酚对大鼠皮层和海马脑片过氧化氢损伤具有保护作用 ,对脑片缺氧缺糖和谷氨酸损伤无保护作用 ,大剂量 (10 0 μmol/L)丙泊酚加重大鼠皮层和海马脑片缺氧缺糖和谷氨酸损伤。     

人参炔醇对大鼠脑片不同类型损伤的影响

目的评价人参炔醇对代谢障碍、兴奋性氨基酸、氧自由基三种脑片损伤模型的作用.方法通过大鼠皮质和海马脑片孵育技术,建立缺氧缺糖、谷氨酸和过氧化氢三类损伤模型,采用新鲜脑片TTC染色酶标仪比色法,定量考察人参炔醇对不同类损伤的保护作用.结果与对照组相比,缺氧缺糖、谷氨酸和过氧化氢均能明显降低皮质和海马脑片TTC染色OD490值,2~4μmol/L人参炔醇可显著减轻缺氧缺糖及过氧化氢所致的脑片组织损伤(P<0.01),对谷氨酸所致损伤无作用. 3μmol/L cAMP阻断剂RpcAMPS可显著减弱4μmol/L人参炔醇对缺氧缺糖和过氧化氢所致损伤的保护作用.结论人参炔醇能够保护大鼠脑片对缺氧缺糖和过氧化氢所致损伤作用,但对谷氨酸所致损伤无保护作用,其保护活性可能与提高神经细胞内cAMP含量有关.     

人参炔醇对大鼠脑片不同类型损伤的影响

目的评价人参炔醇对代谢障碍、兴奋性氨基酸、氧自由基三种脑片损伤模型的作用。 方法通过大鼠皮质和海马脑片孵育技术,建立缺氧缺糖、谷氨酸和过氧化氢三类损伤模型,采用新鲜脑片TTC染色酶标仪比色法,定量考察人参炔醇对不同类损伤的保护作用。 结果与对照组相比,缺氧缺糖、谷氨酸和过氧化氢均能明显降低皮质和海马脑片TTC染色OD490值,2～4μmol/L人参炔醇可显著减轻缺氧缺糖及过氧化氢所致的脑片组织损伤(P<0.01),对谷氨酸所致损伤无作用。3μmoL/L cAMP阻断剂Rp cAMPS可显著减弱4μmol/L人参炔醇对缺氧缺糖和过氧化氢所致损伤的保护作用。 结论人参炔醇能够保护大鼠脑片对缺氧缺糖和过氧化氢所致损伤作用,但对谷氨酸所致损伤无保护作用,其保护活性可能与提高神经细胞内cAMP含量有关。     

静脉麻醉药物联合使用对大鼠脑缺血离体损伤的影响

目的研究静脉麻醉药物依托咪酯联合芬太尼或氯胺酮对大鼠脑缺血损伤离体实验模型———皮层和海马脑片缺氧缺糖损伤的影响。方法制备大鼠皮层和海马脑片 ,随机分为对照组 (C)、损伤组 (I)、依托咪酯组 (E)、芬太尼组 (F)、氯胺酮组 (K)、依托咪酯 芬太尼组 (E F)和依托咪酯 氯胺酮组 (E K) ,每组脑片 10片。脑缺血损伤离体模型采用脑片缺氧缺糖损伤孵育10min和恢复正常孵育 2h方案 ,通过三苯基氯化四唑氮 (TTC)染色光密度测定法观察脑片损伤程度 ,Fluo 3荧光染色定量和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜定性观察脑片细胞内Ca2 浓度变化。结果与对照组比较 ,损伤组脑片TTC染色光密度显著降低 ;细胞内Ca2 浓度显著增高 (P <0 .0 1)。与损伤组比较 ,使用麻醉药物的各组皮层和海马脑片TTC染色光密度显著增加 ,细胞内Ca2 浓度也明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,但单独药物组和联合药物组比较TTC染色光密度和细胞内Ca2 浓度无差异 ,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜定性观察结果与Fluo 3荧光染色比色结果一致。结论依托咪酯联合芬太尼或氯胺酮对大鼠皮层和海马脑片的离体脑缺血损伤具有保护作用 ,但这种联合作用与它们各自单独保护作用比较无差异     

静脉麻醉药物联合使用对大鼠脑缺血离体损伤的影响

目的研究静脉麻醉药物依托咪酯联合芬太尼或氯胺酮对大鼠脑缺血损伤离体实验模型--皮层和海马脑片缺氧缺糖损伤的影响.方法制备大鼠皮层和海马脑片,随机分为对照组(C)、损伤组(I)、依托咪酯组(E)、芬太尼组(F)、氯胺酮组(K)、依托咪酯+芬太尼组(E+F)和依托咪酯+氯胺酮组(E+K),每组脑片10片.脑缺血损伤离体模型采用脑片缺氧缺糖损伤孵育10 min和恢复正常孵育2 h方案,通过三苯基氯化四唑氮(TTC)染色光密度测定法观察脑片损伤程度, Fluo-3荧光染色定量和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜定性观察脑片细胞内Ca2+浓度变化.结果与对照组比较,损伤组脑片TTC染色光密度显著降低;细胞内Ca2+浓度显著增高(P<0.01).与损伤组比较,使用麻醉药物的各组皮层和海马脑片TTC染色光密度显著增加,细胞内Ca2+浓度也明显降低(P<0.01),但单独药物组和联合药物组比较TTC染色光密度和细胞内Ca2+浓度无差异,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜定性观察结果与Fluo-3荧光染色比色结果一致.结论依托咪酯联合芬太尼或氯胺酮对大鼠皮层和海马脑片的离体脑缺血损伤具有保护作用,但这种联合作用与它们各自单独保护作用比较无差异.     

小鼠脑片损伤和保护药物的定量评价方法

目的：建立小鼠离体脑片损伤及保护药物作用的定量评价方法。方法：小鼠脑片以缺氧／缺糖（OGD）或N－甲基－D－门冬氨酸（NMDA）诱导损伤后，用2，3，5－三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色，然后以图像分析方法计算TTC染色平均灰度和面积，并观察氯胺酮的保护作用。结果：纹状体和皮层TTC染色平均灰度和面积随OGD时间的延长而下降，在7.5-15min时明显下降；OGD后再灌30min TTC染色平均灰度可暂时增高，然后又下降。NMDA 10－100μmol/L显著降低TTC染色平均灰度。氯胺酮（10μmol/L)能减轻OGD或NMDA对脑片的损伤。结论：小鼠离体脑片TTC染色平均灰度和面积可定量评价急性脑损伤，并能用于评价药物的保护作用。     

原代培养神经元拟缺血性损伤模型的建立

目的建立方便有效的神经元拟缺血性损伤的离体模型.方法以原代培养大鼠乳鼠大脑皮层神经元为研究对象,利用简易缺氧室,以缺氧缺糖结合模拟体内缺血性损伤.分别在缺氧缺糖不同时间点检测LDH,MTT和细胞形态学的改变.结果缺氧缺糖可降低神经元生长能力,使MTT值下降;乳酸脱氢酶漏出率有所增加;细胞形态受损.结论氧糖剥夺模型是一种方便有效的神经元拟缺血性损伤离体模型.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.