肝脾破裂急诊手术的配合

肝、脾是腹部外伤时容易受伤的器官,严重的肝脾破裂是临床上棘手的危急重症,且多并发失血性休克,导致救治困难。2007年1月～2010年1月,我院成功救治了18例因外伤导致肝脾破裂患者,现将急诊手术配合报告如下。     

严重肝外伤破裂60例急救分析

严重肝外伤破裂６０例急救分析天津医学院附属医院普外科（３０００５２）魏子冬，张如兰天津中医学院第一附属医院外科（３０００９３）刘宝生对肝外伤采取急诊手术还是行外科限制性治疗，多少年来一直是争论的焦点。１９８３～１９９１年我们对６０例严重肝外伤破裂患者...     

腹腔负压填塞在严重肝外伤患者中的应用及护理

目的总结严重肝外伤患者应用腹腔负压填塞的护理要点。方法选择入住南京军区南京总医院外科重症监护病房(surgical intensive care unit,SICU)内严重肝外伤行腹腔负压填塞患者21例,在填塞纱布中放置双套管,边滴水边进行负压吸引。结果 21例患者均应用腹腔负压填塞救治,存活20例,死亡1例,平均填塞时间(4.8±1.1)d。结论腹腔负压填塞是救治严重肝外伤的有效方法之一,科学合理的护理措施是提高救治成功率的关键。     

严重肝外伤的手术治疗及预后因素分析

肝外伤占腹部损伤的15％～20％,不同程度的肝外伤所采取的治疗方法及预后情况也各不相同[1].严重肝外伤往往由于病情危重、发展迅速、伤情复杂及易合并多脏器损伤而导致治疗困难,死亡率可高达50％以上[2].如何在救治严重肝外伤的同时降低病死率及术后并发症发生率,仍是外科医师需要研究的重要课题.本研究对本院收治的66例严重肝外伤患者行手术治疗,现将结果报告如下.     

严重开放性喉外伤的急诊救治

目的 分析严重喉外伤的急诊救治方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析1977-09～2003-06救治的17例严重开放性喉外伤病例。结果 16例救治成功，1例死亡。2例术后发生喉狭窄，再次手术成型置T管扩张，0．5a后呼吸困难解除。结论 重视严重开放性喉外伤患者全身伤情的救治、喉内伤情的了解以及正确的局部创伤处置可有效提高成功率，减少并发     

一站式急救护理模式对严重胸腹外伤患者救治效果的影响

目的:探讨一站式急救护理模式对严重胸腹外伤患者救治效果的影响。方法:选择2017年7月1日～2019年6月30日收治的严重胸腹外伤患者76例为研究对象,根据入院时间分为观察组(2018年7月1日～2019年6月30日)和对照组(2017年7月1日～2018年6月30日)各38例;对照组采用常规救治护理模式,观察组采用一站式急救护理模式;比较两组救治用时,救治成功率,并发症发生率,满意度。结果:观察组病情诊断时间、急诊抢救时间、手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05),救治成功率高于对照组(P0.05),并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05),满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:一站式急救护理模式有助于缩短救治用时,提高严重胸腹外科患者救治成功率,减少并发症的发生,提高患者满意度。     

严重肝外伤术后再发出血16例临床分析

目的 探讨严重肝外伤术后再出血的原因及处理方法。方法 按美国外科创伤学会对肝损伤分级标准，对手术治疗的76例严重肝外伤术后再出血的16例患者第2次手术及保守治疗的效果进行回顾性分析。结果 Ⅲ级肝外伤9例，Ⅳ级5例，Ⅴ级2例；第1次术后累计出血量800—2600ml，平均1700ml。行第2次手术止血13例，死亡3例；保守治疗3例，死亡2例。结论 及时诊断、正确处理是抢救严重肝外伤术后再出血，抢救患者生命的关键。     

肝外伤89例手术治疗分析

目的：总结肝外伤的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析我院近十年来经手术治疗的89例肝外伤患者的临床资料并进行经验总结。结果：治愈85例；死亡4例．均为严重肝外伤。结论：注意选择适宜的手术时机和合适的手术方式是提高肝外伤外科治疗效果的关键。     

严重创伤1092例急救及护理

目的:探讨江门市中心城区严重创伤患者的发生规律、临床特点及急救措施、效果。方法:对2005年11月～2009年11月我院收治的1 092例AIS≥3分的严重创伤患者的急诊抢救进行回顾性分析。结果:本资料显示受伤人群以青壮年为主,受伤原因排第一的是道路交通伤,受伤部位及病死率最高的是颅脑外伤和多发伤,存活出院1 007例,死亡85例;对严重创伤患者进行有效救治后,争取救治时间,可避免严重的并发症,提高抢救成功率。结论:改进急诊救治模式,创建生命绿色通道,形成高效快捷的急救路径,对颅脑外伤和多发伤等实施紧急的专业化治疗和护理,可缩短检查和术前准备时间,争取救治时间,提高抢救成功率。     

腹部外科多器官功能衰竭68例患者的救治

报道11年间明确诊断为腹部外科多器官功能衰竭(MOF)的患者68例,提出了腹部外科MOF的临床特点、触发因素、首发衰竭器官、各个脏器衰竭发生频度、死亡原因和病死率及MOF的预防和现代救治措施.资料分析结果显示,腹部外科MOF的触发因素为严重感染、败血症、重度多发伤和急诊腹部外科大手术等.腹部外科MOF治疗的关键是要切实做到早期识别、早期检查、早期诊断和早期治疗.救治结果存活17例,死亡51例.作者提出MOF一旦发病要给予强有力的“四大一支持”综合措施的新疗法.本组18例MOF患者实施“四大一支持”综合疗法,15例获救治成功,该疗法具有实用、有效的价值.     

High concentrations of circulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor in patients with severe blunt trauma: Is serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration a valuable prognostic factor?

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum concentrations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and other cytokines in severe blunt trauma patients in critical settings and to evaluate their association with patient outcome. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Emergency department and surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Fifty-four severe blunt trauma patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome requiring intensive care, emergency surgical intervention, or both were enrolled in the study. Forty-four patients with minor injuries were the controls. INTERVENTIONS: Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentrations were measured in the emergency department <4 hrs postinjury (day 1) and the surgical intensive care unit 24 hrs later (day 2). Blood samples for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and interleukin-10 were measured both in patients with severe blunt trauma and in controls. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Injury Severity Score, Revised Trauma Score, and Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score were used for clinical evaluation of trauma severity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentrations were higher in severe blunt trauma patients than in controls; were significantly correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Revised Trauma Score, and Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score scores in severe blunt trauma patients but not in controls; and were higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration is higher in severe blunt trauma and that it reflects the severity of trauma. The serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentration might be a valuable predictor for the outcome of severe blunt trauma.     

严重创伤患者预后与创伤性凝血病的相关性及其相关影响因素分析

目的：探讨严重创伤患者预后与创伤性凝血病（TIC）相关性,分析影响预后的相关因素。方法选取严重创伤患者96例,所有患者入院后抽取静脉血10 ml和动脉血2 ml,进行血常规、凝血功能和相关生化检查及动脉血气分析。根据患者预后情况分为存活组（n=81）和死亡组（n=15）,分析严重创伤预后与TIC的相关性,并分析性别、年龄、创伤时间、急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分（APACHE Ⅱ）、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）、创伤严重程度评分（ISS）、低体温等因素对严重创伤患者预后的影响。结果死亡组TIC发生率53.33%,明显高于存活组的12.34%,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=13.96,P＜0.05）,TIC与严重创伤患者预后呈正相关（r=0.38,P＜0.05）。单因素结果显示：两组APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分、ISS评分、血糖、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞比容（HCT）、血小板（Plt）、测定凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、国际标准化比值（INR）、休克指数≥1例数、体温＜35℃例数比较,差异均有统计学意义（t分别=4.01、4.94、3.93、3.42、4.81、6.23、4.85、6.48、4.36、3.64,χ2分别=7.19、7.82,P均＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：APACHEⅡ评分升高、GCS评分降低、ISS评分升高、Plt计数降低和APTT时间延长是严重创伤患者预后的危险因素（OR分别=1.26、0.62、1.10、0.96、5.37,P均＜0.05）。结论严重创伤患者预后与TIC密切相关,APACHEⅡ评分升高、GCS评分降低、ISS评分升高、Plt计数降低和APTT时间延长是严重创伤患者预后的危险因素,提示临床实践中应进一步加强对TIC的防治。     

基于初级创伤救治原则的院前急救护理对车祸外伤患者救治效果、救治效率及预后结局的影响

目的 探讨基于初级创伤救治原则的院前急救护理对车祸外伤患者救治效果、救治效率及预后结局的影响.方法 选取2019年8月至2020年12月我院收治的106例车祸外伤患者作为研究对象,按照护理方案将其分为对照组和观察组,各53例.对照组给予常规急救护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于初级创伤救治原则的院前急救护理.比较两组的...     

严重多发伤的急救护理进展

介绍了严重多发伤的定义、临床特点和急救原则 ,重点阐述了严重多发伤的伤情评估、急救复苏与护理     

肝脏原发性癌肉瘤3例并文献复习

目的：探讨肝脏原发性癌肉瘤的临床特点、诊断、治疗策略和预后。方法：报告3例肝脏原发性癌肉瘤的详细临床资料并复习相关文献。结果：3例患者均为男性,年龄13-52岁,临床症状无特异性。腹部CT、超声和核磁共振检查均提示肝脏占位性病变。经手术及肝脏穿刺活检病理诊断,病变均符合肝癌肉瘤。结论：原发性肝脏癌肉瘤临床极少见,病变恶性程度高,手术效果差,对化疗不敏感,易转移复发,预后差。其诊断的确立需结合病史,肿瘤标志物、影像学检查和组织病理,尤其是免疫组化染色有助于明确诊断。临床需与其他肝脏占位性病变进行鉴别。     

多发伤患者早期血浆血管生成素2水平变化与内皮损伤和预后的关系

目的 探讨多发伤患者早期血浆血管生成素2(angiopoietin2,Ang2)的水平变化与血管内皮损伤和预后的关系及临床意义.方法 为前瞻性观察研究,选择2008年1月至2010年1月收入聊城市人民医院急诊科的多发伤患者59例,纳入标准:创伤至入院时间在1 h以内;年龄大于18周岁;既往身体健康,排除有心、脑、肝、肾等器质性疾病,糖尿病、高血压,肿瘤;急慢性感染性疾病;严重颅脑损伤(GCS<12分);两周前用过抗凝及溶栓类药物患者.共纳入59例患者包括男36例,女23例,年龄(32.3±11.5)岁.按创伤严重度评分(ISS)分为重伤组(ISS≥16分,29例),轻伤组(ISS<16分,30例)2组.另取30例健康人为健康对照组,均为接受体检的健康人.其中男19例,女11例,年龄均大于18周岁,年龄(33.5±10.6)岁.各组性别、年龄构成均具有可比性.患者到达急诊科后10 min内抽取外周静脉血 10 mL,分离血浆.应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆Ang2的水平.同时测定血浆冯·维勒布兰德因子(Von Willebrand factor,vWF)、血栓调节蛋白(thrembomodulin,TM)的水平.统计数据用均数±标准差(-x±s)表示,所有数据采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析.应用单因素方差分析和两两比较的Q检验(Newman-Keuls法)比较分析各组Ang2的水平差异.采用成组资料t检验比较分析死亡和生存患者Ang2的水平.采用pearson相关分析法分析Ang2水平与血浆vWF,TM的相关性.以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 重伤组(ISS≥16分)血浆Ang2水平明显高于轻伤组(ISS<16分)(P<0.05),两组均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05).死亡组血浆Ang2水平明显高于生存组(P<0.05).创伤后Ang2水平变化与血浆vWF,TM水平均有明显相关性(P<0.05).结论 血浆Ang2水平在多发伤早期明显增高,和创伤严重程度相关,和创伤后内皮损伤相关,其对预后有重要的预测价值.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the early changes of plasma levels of angiopoietin2 in patients with multiple trauma and the relationship between plasma levels of angiopoietin2 (Ang2) and endothelial injury as well as prognosis of patients in order to determine their clinical significance. Methods Patients with multiple trauma admitted to emergency department from January 2008 to January 2010 were enrolled. A total of 59 casualties met the criteria(admission within 1 h after trauma and age > 18 years), and were eligible for enrollment. Patients with heart, brain, liver, kidney and other organic diseases, diabetes, hypertension, tumor, acute and chronic infectious diseases , severe brain injury (CCS < 12 points) , anticoagulant and thrombolytic medicine used two weeks before trauma were excluded. Among 59 patients, 36 were males and 23 females. The average age was(32.3 ±11.5) years. Patients were divided into severe trauma group (ISS ≥16 points,n =29) , moderate trauma group (ISS < 16 points, n =30 ) judged by using injury severity score (1SS). Thirty healthy subjects were selected as controls, 19 male and 11 female, with age > 18 years and an average age of(33.5 ±10.6) years. All groups had comparable gender proportion and average age. The 10 mL peripheral blood sanple was collected within 10 minutes after arrival of patients to emergency department and the plasma was separated from blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the plasma levels of angiopoietin2, and the plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and thrombomodulin (TM) were also detected. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 13.0 statistical software. The differences in plasma levels of angiopoietin2 of patients in each group were analyzed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. Levels of angiopoietin2 in fatal patients and survival patients were also compared by using t test. The relationships between angiopoietin2 and plasma levels of vWF as well as levels of TM were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Changes were considered as statistically significant if P value was less than 0.05. Results The plasma levels of angiopoietin2 in severe trauma group (ISS scored 16 points) were significantly higher than those in moderate trauma group (ISS < 16 points) ( P < 0.05 ), and those in trauma patients of the two groups were both significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The plasma levels of angiopoietin2 in fatal patients were significantly higher than those in survivors (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of angiopoietin2 were significantly correlated with plasma levels of vWF and TM (P < 0.05). Conclusions The plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 significantly increase after multiple trauma, and correlate with the degree of trauma severity. The plasma levels of angiopoietin2 correlate with endothelial injury after multiple trauma, having important prognosis value in patients with multiple trauma.     

急诊全程优化护理干预应用于重症颅脑外伤患者抢救中对预后的影响

[摘要]目的 探究急诊全程优化护理干预应用于重症颅脑外伤患者抢救中对预后的影响。方法 选取我院2015年10月至2016年10月收治的行常规急诊护理干预的重症颅脑外伤患者54例作为对照组，另选取我院2016年11月至2017年11月收治的行急诊全程优化护理干预的重症颅脑外伤患者54例作为观察组。对比两组预后结局及护理满意度。结果 观察组预后结局优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组护理满意度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 急诊全程优化护理干预应用于重症颅脑外伤患者抢救可有效改善预后结局，提高护理满意度，值得临床推广。     

急诊创伤患者死亡的相关因素与救治对策分析

目的探究影响急诊创伤患者死亡的相关因素,并分析其救治对策。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月于我院接受急救但无效死亡的46例急诊创伤患者(死亡组)和同期抢救成功的178例急诊创伤患者(存活组)的临床资料。通过单因素及多因素Logistic回归方程分析两组患者的年龄、性别等相关因素,评估影响急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,并通过总结患者的死因,分析其临床救治对策。结果经单因素分析,两组年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、就诊时间、损伤部位、机械通气情况有显著差异(P<0.05);而两组的性别、致伤原因、损伤数量、抢救措施比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、损伤部位、机械通气均属于急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。46例死亡患者中,中枢性呼吸循环衰竭25例(54.35%),多器官功能衰竭12例(26.09%),失血性休克7例(15.22%),其他2例(4.35%)。结论年龄、ISS评分、GCS评分、损伤部位、机械通气均属于急诊创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素,临床应引起重视,提高抢救质量。     

浙江省8家医院创伤患者死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨导致创伤患者死亡的危险因素以及改进创伤急救的措施.方法 整理2009年全年浙江省8所医院急诊室首诊的创伤患者的病例资料,结合创伤急救的各个环节,挑选可能导致患者死亡的相关因素,通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析方法,得到导致创伤患者死亡的独立危险因素.结果 2009年浙江省8所医院共有3 659名患者纳入了本次研究,其中死亡226人,病死率为6.18%.单因素分析结果提示,年龄、创伤机制、ISS评分、GCS评分、专业现场急救、转送途中气管插管、转送途中清创止血、入院时低血压、昏迷、急诊室胸腔闭式引流、急诊手术、ICU内中心静脉压监测和ICU内机械通气的患者死亡相关.多因素Logistic回归分析提示,GCS评分、ISS评分、机械通气、入院时低血压、年龄是患者死亡的独立危险因素,有效的专业现场急救是保护因素.结论 患者的伤情严重程度和年龄是影响患者结局的重要因素.加强院前急救,早期稳定患者伤情以及合理使用ICU内监护设施有助于进一步降低创伤救治的病死率.

Abstract：

Objective To explore risk factors in the mortality of casualties and to find a way to improve trauma emergency service. Method The possible factors likely related to the mortality of casualties were taken into account based on each stage of trauma emergency so as to find the independent risk factors by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 3 659 casualties were enrolled in this study.Of them, 226 casualties died and the mortality rate was 6.18%. Following factors were related to mortality after univariate analysis: age, cause of trauma, injury severity score, Glasgow come scale come on the scene, professional emergency treatment on the scene, intubation in the ambulance, debridement and hemostasis in the ambulance, low blood pressure at admission, closed drainage of pleural cavity, emergency operation, CVP monitoring in ICU and mechanical ventilation in ICU. After multivariate analysis, six factors were independently related to the mortality of casualties as follows: Glasgow coma scale, injury severity score, mechanical ventilation, blood pressure at admission, age and professional emergency treatment on the scene. Conclusions It has a great significance to investigate the risk factors of mortality for casualties. Severity of trauma and age were independently associated with the outcomes of trauma. Besides, improving prehospital care and stabilizing the trauma patients in early phase can further decrease the mortality.     

104例交通事故所致重症胸部外伤病人的急救与护理

[目的]总结交通事故所致重症胸部外伤病人的急救与护理。[方法]对104例交通事故所致重症胸部外伤病人进行急救与护理,包括评估伤情、紧急处理、纠正休克、保持呼吸道通畅、监测生命体征、观察病情变化、鼓励咳嗽排痰、加强心理护理及并发伤的观察与护理。[结果]104例病人痊愈101例,死亡3例。[结论]加强交通事故所致重症胸部外伤病人的急救与护理有利于预后。