A型肉毒毒素治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛的临床分析

目的观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛、眼睑痉挛的临床疗效，探讨眼睑及面肌痉挛的病因。方法应用A型肉毒毒素对105例眼睑及偏侧面肌痉挛患者行面部肌肉局部多点注射，对治疗前后的病情分级进行对比，分析治疗效果。结果71例面肌痉挛者完全缓解35例（49．3％），明显缓解34例（47．8％），无效2例（2．8％）。34例眼睑痉挛者，22例完全缓解，12例明显缓解，总有效率达98％。起效时间数小时至7d，缓解时间3～8个月，局部不良反应轻微、短暂，无全身反应及过敏反应，其中2例引起面肌萎缩。4例MRA中3例检出有椎动脉、小脑后下动脉、小脑前下动脉变异，并造成对面神经的压迫。结论A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉多点小剂量注射，可有效控制眼睑痉挛及偏侧面肌痉挛，部分眼睑及面肌痉挛的病因为血管压迫。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗局限性肌肉痉挛的临床研究

目的　观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛、眼睑痉挛及Meige综合征的疗效。方法　对 40例偏侧面肌痉挛、9例眼睑痉挛、1例Meige综合征进行面部肌肉局部多点注射A型肉毒毒素 ,评价其治疗效果。结果　 40例偏侧面肌痉挛者 ,完全缓解 1 5例 (38% ) ,明显缓解2 4例 (60 % ) ,1例无效 ;9例眼睑痉挛者 ,4例完全缓解 ,4例明显缓解 ,1例无效 ;1例Meige综合征部分缓解 ,总有效率达 96 %。起效时间平均 3天 ,缓解时间平均 3 5个月。局部副反应轻微、短暂 ,无全身反应及过敏反应。结论　A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗局限性肌肉痉挛的一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛156例临床观察

目的 探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌，眼睑痉挛及Meige综合征的疗效。方法 采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗偏侧面肌痉挛102例。眼睑痉挛41例及Meige综合征13例。并使用Cohen和Albert量表进行评估。结果 症状完全缓解占51.3%。明显改善占37.8%。部分改善占10.9%。疗效平均持续约3-6个月。复发者重复注射仍有效，出现眼睑闭合不全，面肌无力，眼睑下垂共58例，均恢复。结论 局部注射A型肉毒毒素确为一种安全有效。简便易行的治疗面肌。眼睑痉挛及Meige综合征的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛38例疗效观察

目的 :观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效。方法 :对 3 8例偏侧面肌痉挛进行面部肌肉多点注射A型肉毒毒素。评价其治疗效果。结果 :完全缓解 11例 ,明显缓解 2 7例 ,总有效率 10 0 %。起效时间平均 3d。局部反应轻微 ,无全身反应及过敏反应。结论 :A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗面肌痉挛的一种安全、有效、易行的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛、眼睑痉挛疗效观察

目的观察A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛的疗效。方法采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗偏侧面肌痉挛51例、眼睑痉挛8例,并使用Cohen和Albert量表对疗效进行评估。结果31例(52.5%)症状完全缓解,22例(37.2%)明显改善,6例(10.1%)部分改善,疗效平均持续约9～33周,复发者重复注射仍有效。不良反应可出现眼睑闭合不全、面肌无力、眼睑下垂等共18例,均在4周内恢复。结论局部注射A型肉毒毒素确为一种安全有效的治疗面肌、眼睑痉挛的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛38例疗效观察

目的：观察A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效。方法：对38例偏侧面肌痉挛进行面部肌肉多点注射A型肉毒毒素。评价其治疗效果。结果：完全缓解11例，明显缓解27例，总有效率100％。起效时间平均3d。局部反应轻微，无全身反应及过敏反应。结论：A型肉毒毒素局部肌肉注射是治疗面肌痉挛的一种安全、有效、易行的方法。     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛

目的 探讨A型肉毒杆菌毒素(BTXA)治疗眼睑及面肌痉挛的疗效.方法 选择眼睑及面肌痉挛患者36例,根据病情用2.5U/0.1ml的A型肉毒杆菌毒素做痉挛局部皮下或肌内注射,一次剂量不超过55U, 有残存痉挛者可追加注射.结果 一次注射痉挛完全缓解26例,明显缓解6例,部分缓解4例,10例重复2～3次注射均完全缓解.结论 BTXA治疗眼睑、面部肌痉挛安全、有效.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗118例面肌痉挛的疗效观察

目的探讨面肌痉挛的病因，评估Ａ型肉毒毒素治疗面肌痉挛的疗效。方法对１１８例病人进行面部肌肉多点注射Ａ型肉毒毒素治疗，对治疗前后的病情分级进行对比，并随机抽取３６例做肌电图，１２例做核磁共振血管成像（ＭＲＡ）检查。结果Ａ型肉毒毒素有效率为９４％，半年复发率为８７％。肌电图全部显示自发性动作电位。１２例ＭＲＡ中，１１例检出有椎动脉、小脑后下动脉、小脑前下动脉的变异，并造成对面神经的压迫。结论部分面肌痉挛的病因为血管压迫。尽管Ａ型肉毒毒素的疗效多不超过半年，但仍不失为一种简单有效的治疗方法     

A型肉毒杆菌毒素治疗眼睑痉挛及面肌痉挛临床研究

应用Ａ型肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射治疗眼睑痉挛９例及面肌痉挛３３，例完全缓解者分别为６例及３１例，明显缓解者分别为３例及２例，所有病例均有效，总有效期分别为４～２０周（平均１４周）及１６～３４周（平均２２周）。局部副反应轻微、短暂，无全身反应及过敏反应，且操作简单。认为Ａ型肉毒杆菌毒素是一种安全有效的生物制剂，该方法可作为治疗眼睑痉挛及面肌痉挛的新方法．     

两种浓度A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效比较

目的　评估两种浓度A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛的疗效 ,并探讨减少其并发症的方法。方法　将 60例患者随机分为A、B两组 ,A组对上、下睑及面肌进行多点注射 ,A型肉毒毒素 (BTA)浓度为 5 0u/0 1ml,B组注射浓度为 2 2 5u/0 1ml。比较两组间疗效、副作用发生情况。结果　两组治疗疗效相似 ,总有效率为 10 0 % ,A组症状完全缓解 18例 (60 % ) ,明显缓解 6例(2 0 % ) ,部分缓解 6例 (2 0 % ) ,总显效率 80 % ;B组完全缓解 16例 (5 3 3 % ) ,明显缓解 6例 (2 0 % ) ,部分缓解 8例 (2 6 7% ) ,总显效率73 3 %。两组均无过敏和全身中毒反应 ,但A组出现上睑下垂、眼睑闭合不全、视物模糊等不良反应例数明显增多 ,差异显著 ,P <0 0 5。结论　BTA治疗面肌痉挛以小剂量为宜。A型肉毒毒素治疗偏侧面肌痉挛安全有效 ,简单易行 ,副作用少而轻微、短暂 ,为治疗面肌痉挛的首选方法     

Blefarospasmo y espasmo hemifacial: tratamiento a largo plazo con toxina botulínica

Introduction

Our purpose is to describe the demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with blepharospasm (BS) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) in treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BtA).

Patients and methods

Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with BS or HFS and treated with BtA in the Neurology Department at Complejo Asistencial de Segovia between March 1991 and December 2009.

Results

Different variables were collected from 34 patients with BS and 55 with HFS, of whom 44.1% and 32.7% respectively had been undergoing treatment with BtA for more than 10 years. Elapsed time from symptom onset to the first visit was 24 months in the BS group and 59.7 months in the HFS group. Diagnosis was given on the first visit for 76.5% of the BS patients and 90.7% of the HFS patients. Patients were referred by their primary care centres in 34.6% of the cases with BS and in 77.6% of the cases with HFS. The most commonly used BtA preparation was BOTOX^® in both groups, and there were no cases of primary or secondary resistance. The median dose of BtA was raised gradually in both groups, and the increase was statistically significant during the early years of treatment. The most common side effect was ptosis (47.1% in BS, 32.5% in HFS).

Conclusions

BS and HFS are the most common facial movement disorders. The demographic and clinical characteristics and therapeutic findings from this study show that treatment with BtA is both effective and safe over the long term.     

Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin (BT) injections were used over a two year period to treat 66 patients with disabling hemifacial spasm (HFS). Good to excellent results were obtained in 89.2% of patients for a mean period of 18 weeks. Temporary side effects occurred in about 20% of individuals EMG guidance was of assistance in injecting the lower half of the face. MRI imaging was far superior to CT scanning in the investigation of HFS.     

Botulinum toxin treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm: objective response evaluation.

Twenty seven patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and sixteen patients with blepharospasm (BS) having mean Jankovic disability rating scale score of 2.56+0.58 SD and 2.81+0.54 SD, respectively, were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections. The total number of injection sessions were ninety one with relief response in 98.91%. The mean improvement in function scale score was 3.78+0.64 SD and 3.29+1.07 SD respectively, in HFS and BS groups. The clinical benefit induced by botulinum toxin lasted for a mean of 4.46+3.11 SD (range 2 to 13) months in HFS group and 2.66+1.37 SD (range 1 to 6) months, in BS groups. Transient ptosis was seen in 4.39% of total ninety one injection sessions. These findings show that local botulinum toxin treatment provides effective, safe and long lasting relief of spasms.     

面肌痉挛微血管减压再手术病例的选择与疗效

目的探讨微血管减压(microvascular decompression,MVD)手术治疗面肌痉挛手术失败或复发再手术病例的选择和疗效。方法 2001年11月至2010年5月期间,在首次手术失败或复发的面肌痉挛患者中,根据其要求手术的愿望,结合术前影像学和首次手术录像、记录等资料综合判断后,选择了8例首次手术失败和20例术后复发患者进行MVD再手术治疗。结果经过平均34月的随访,仅1例患者术后症状无明显改善。其余27例(96.4%)患者术后症状缓解程度达75%以上,其中21例(75.0%)术后症状完全消失。24例(85.7%)患者术后自我疗效评价达到"优"和"良"。所有患者术后无严重病残和死亡发生,仅一例术后发生HBS 3级面瘫。结论选择合适的病人、恰当的手术时机、耐心仔细的显微操作,是面肌痉挛微血管减压再手术取得良好疗效的保证。     

Facial asymmetry in patients with hemifacial spasm before and after botulinum toxin A treatment

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection is one of the most widely used methods for hemifacial spasm (HFS) with high efficacy in controlling spasm. However, it is still unknown if esthetic symmetry could be desired as the spasm was controlled by BoNT-A therapy. The purpose of this study is to clarify the facial asymmetric characteristics of HFS patients and if the asymmetry could be amended by BoNT-A injection in the abnormal side. In this prospective analysis, HFS patients were enrolled, who received hemifacial BoNT-A injection and completed follow-up at weeks 2–4. Self-reported improvement and negative influence of facial asymmetry in social life were documented. Facial asymmetry was assessed by the Sunnybrook facial grading system (SFGS) and a new scale created by our clinic—the Symmetry Scale for Hemifacial Spasm (SSHS). Thirty-eight patients were eligible for analysis. Among them, 34 patients (89 %) had marked improvement in spasm after BoNT-A injection. After BoNT-A injection, SFGS showed an improvement of synkinesis (p = 0.01). And SSHS showed an amelioration of resting symmetry in lower face after treatment (p < 0.05). However, SFGS showed a deterioration of voluntary movement in lower face after treatment (p < 0.01). In addition, a deterioration of voluntary movement in upper face and lower face was found in SSHS after treatment (p < 0.01). SSHS composite score showed a deterioration after BoNT-A injection (p = 0.01). In conclusions, BoNT-A was effective in controlling spasm and synkinesis of HFS and improved resting symmetry in lower face, but facial symmetry of voluntary movement deteriorated after hemifacial BoNT-A injection.     

Clinico-radiologic correlation in unilateral and bilateral hemifacial spasm

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral hemifacial spasm (HFS) is rare. Clinico-radiologic correlates utilizing advanced imaging techniques have not been systematically examined in bilateral HFS. The prevalence of bilateral HFS in an Asian population has not been clarified. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and clinico-radiologic correlates of bilateral HFS in a clinic-based cohort and compared the clinical characteristics of unilateral HFS patients with and without contralateral neurovascular contact (NVC) in HFS. METHODS: Patients clinically diagnosed with HFS were examined for bilateral symptoms. Imaging analysis involved the utilization of reformatted, multi-planar three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA), and constructive interference at steady state (CISS-MR) sequences. The clinical and imaging data was compared between HFS with and without NVC. RESULTS: Amongst 162 consecutive HFS patients, 2 (1.6%) had bilateral symptoms. Both patients had unilateral onset followed by bilateral and asynchronous facial contractions. The contralateral side of the face began to twitch at a mean of 1.5 years later. MRI/A revealed significant NVC of the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve on the ipsilateral side with mild NVC contralaterally. The degree of NVC correlated with the clinical severity of the patients' symptoms. MRI/A analysis of 40 HFS patients with unilateral symptoms demonstrated NVC on the contralateral side in six patients (15%). The mean age and duration of symptoms were not different between HFS patients with and without contralateral NVC. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated clinico-radiologic correlation between the clinical severity and the degree of NVC at the REZ of the facial nerve in bilateral HFS. Amongst unilateral HFS, there was no significant difference clinically between those with and without contralateral NVC. The low 1.6% prevalence of bilateral HFS in our Asian cohort was compatible with the rare prevalence in other ethnic populations.     

偏侧面肌痉挛和良性特发性眼睑痉挛的临床与治疗特点

目的 探讨偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)和良性特发性眼睑痉挛(BEB)的临床特点、治疗现状以及对A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)治疗的反应.方法 对2013年4~10月在武汉大学人民医院神经内科门诊就诊的HFS患者和BEB患者进行调查,其中HFS患者110例,BEB患者90例.所有的患者均接受了BTX-A局部注射治疗.注射后2周左右复诊,在每周二下午的专病门诊随访,并记录BTX-A的疗效持续时间.结果(1)入组200例患者中,BTX-A治疗起效时间0~30 d(中位数4 d),疗效持续时间2~128周(中位数16周),总有效率96.9%.HFS患者症状明显好转(完全和明显缓解)占99.3%,BEB患者占90.2%.总的来说,BEB患者的疗效持续时间[(13.6±5.5)周]与HFS患者[(20.3±10.2)周]相比较短.HFS患者所用BTX-A剂量[(53.2±15.8)U]较BEB患者[(74.8±20.2)U]少.(2)BTX-A注射(70.9%)、针灸(68.2%)和口服药(65.5%)是HFS患者曾经选择的最多的非手术治疗方法.针灸和口服药大部分效果不好而自行停用.BTX-A注射(88.9%)、口服药(86.7%)和眼轮匝肌切割术(31.1%)是BEB患者曾经选择的最多的治疗方法,但患者均反映手术无效.结论 HFS和BEB是运动障碍门诊最常见的两种疾病,BTX-A治疗HFS和BEB安全、有效,对HFS效果更好,BEB患者需要更频繁的注射,其面部肌张力障碍的治疗更具挑战性.     

Delayed effects of the microvascular decompression on hemifacial spasm: a retrospective study of 131 consecutive operated cases

We reviewed 131 consecutive cases operated for hemifacial spasm (HFS) by the same surgeon between January 1983 and April 1999. Microvascular decompression (MVD) was performed via lateral suboccipital approach. Post-operative follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 10 years (average 34 months). The final outcome divided into three categories, excellent (total recovery) in 120 cases (91.6%), partial (> 75% recovery) in 4 cases (3.1%), and unchanged or recurrent in 7 cases (5.3%). Only 2 cases were re-operated, and final outcome of both was excellent. Based on these data, we aimed to determine a period of the final judgement of MVD effect and the causative factors of delayed effects on HFS retrospectively. There were 102 complete recovered cases without hemifacial paralysis; immediate recovery from HFS was observed in 78 cases (76.5%), after 1 month in nine cases, 1-3 months in 5 cases, 3-6 months in 3 cases, 6-10 months in 2 cases, and 10-12 months in 5 cases. Thus, most cases were completely recovered within one year of observation. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference between immediate and delayed relief cases in clinical histories or operative observations. Therefore, our results suggest that the final judgement of the MVD effect could be made at least one year after surgery.