Airtraq(R)喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜在经口气管插管时血流动力学的比较

目的比较Airtraq(R)视频喉镜和Macintosh直接喉镜经口气管插管时心血管反应。方法40例拟择期经口气管插管全麻下手术的患者,按照随机数字表随机分为两组,Airtraq(R)组（A组）和Macintosh喉镜组（M组）,每组20例。观察麻醉诱导前、诱导后、插管即刻、插管后1、3 min时的心率(HR)、血压和...     

预计困难插管患者使用Airtraq喉镜、Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜行气管插管的比较

目的 探讨Airtraq喉镜、Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜在预计困难插管患者中行气管插管的应用价值.方法 行全麻插管手术预计困难插管患者75例,随机分为Airtraq喉镜组(A组)、Shikani喉镜组(S组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组),三次内插管成功者入选本研究,每组25例.记录插管时间,麻醉诱导前(T1)、诱导后(T2)、插管结束即刻(T3)和插管后3 min(T4)时的MAP和HR.同时观察各组患者的声门暴露程度以及有无咽喉损伤.结果 A组插管时间最短,其次为S组,M组最慢,A组明显短于S组和M组(P＜0.05).A组插管成功率高于S组和M组(P＜0.05).与T2时比较,T3、T4时M组MAP明显升高、HR明显增快(P＜0.05).T3、T4时M组MAP高于A组,HR快于A组(P＜0.05).A组声门完全显露率最高,其次为S组,M组最低,A组明显优于S组和M组(P＜0.05).A组咽喉损伤发生率低于M组(P＜0.05).结论 在预计困难插管条件下,与Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜比较,使用Airtraq喉镜可以缩短插管时间,提高插管成功率,减少气管插管时心血管应激反应,维持血流动力学稳定,降低咽喉损伤的发生率.     

Airtraq与GlideScope视频喉镜在颈椎制动患者气管插管中的应用

目的 比较Airtraq与GlideScope视频喉镜与普通Macintosh直接喉镜在颈椎制动患者全麻气管插管中的应用效果以及对血流动力学的影响.方法 择期在气管插管全麻下的手术患者90例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～60岁,随机均分为Airtraq视频喉镜组(A组)、GlideScope视频喉镜(G组)和Macintosh直接喉镜组(M组).麻醉诱导后,采用手法控制稳定方法制动头颈部,分别使用Airtraq视频喉镜、GlideScope视频喉镜、Macintosh直接喉镜经口插管.记录三组声门暴露时间、导管置入时间、试插次数、失败例数、有无助手辅助、镜下Cormark-Lehane (C-L)分级,记录插管前、插管后即刻、插管后1、2、3 min的MAP和HR及不良反应.结果 A组声门暴露时间明显长于M组(P＜0.05);A组和G组的导管置入时间明显短于M组(P＜0.05),G组的插管总时间明显短于M组(P＜0.05).A、G两组需要助手辅助比例、插管失败率及并发症发生率均明显低于M组,C-L分级Ⅰ级患者例数明显多于、Ⅲ级患者例数明显少于M组(P＜0.05).M组插管后即刻和插管后1 min MAP明显高于、HR明显快于插管前(P＜0.05).插管后各时点M组HR均明显快于A组和G组(P＜0.05).结论 与Macintosh直接喉镜比较,Airtraq和GlideScope视频喉镜在颈椎制动患者气管插管中声门暴露良好,降低了插管难度,提高了插管成功率.     

Shikani喉镜左侧磨牙入路和直接喉镜经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响

目的 比较Shikani喉镜(SOS)左侧磨牙入路和Macintosh直接喉镜经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响.方法 40例全麻下择期手术患者,随机均分为SOS左侧磨牙入路气管插管组(S组)和Macintosh直接喉镜插管组(M组).观察两组患者麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、气管插管即刻(T2)和气管插管后1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)、5 min(T5)的BP、HR,并计算SBP×HR(RPP),记录气管插管时间.结果 与T0时比较,T1时两组患者的BP和RPP均明显降低(P<0.05);与T1时比较,T2、T3耐两组患者的BP和RPP升高,T2～T5时两组患者HR明显增快(P<0.05).T2时S组SBP明显低于M组(P<0.05).与S组比较,M组气管插管开始后HR出现最大值的时间明显后延.观察期S组和M组SBP大于基础值30%的发生率和RPP大于22 000的发生率差异无统计学意义.两组患者的气管插管时间差异无统计学意义.结论 SOS左侧磨牙入路可简便有效地用于经口气管插管操作;与Macintosh直接喉镜比较,SOS左侧磨牙入路可引起较轻的血流动力学反应.     

TruviewEV02喉镜与Macintosh喉镜用于颈椎活动受限患者气管插管的对比研究

目的评价Truview EVO,喉镜与Macintosh喉镜用于颈椎活动受限患者气管插管的临床应用情况。方法择期颈椎活动受限经口气管插管全麻手术49例,静脉麻醉诱导后,随机先后使用TruviewEVO2喉镜与Macintosh喉镜显露喉部,并采用喉部暴露条件好的喉镜行气管插管。比较2种喉镜Cormack．Lehane（C-L）分级,喉部结构显露时间和声门显露时血流动力学改变。结果TruviewEVO,喉镜组c-L分级显著优于Macintosh喉镜组（Z=-5．488,P=0．000）,喉部结构显露时间明显长于Macintosh喉镜组[（15．9±6．7）Svs．（12．3±4．5）S,t=4．304,P=0．000]。2种喉镜声门显露时HR、SBP、MAP变化无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论TruviewEVO,喉镜用于颈椎活动受限患者气管插管效果明显优于Macintosh喉镜,可提高气管插管成功率,对于部分困难气道患者具有较好的应用价值。     

Shikani喉镜与Airtraq喉镜用于颈椎活动受限患者清醒气管插管对比研究

目的 比较Shikani喉镜与Airtraq喉镜清醒气管插管在颈椎手术中的应用效果. 方法 选择ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,拟全身麻醉下行前路或后路颈椎内固定术患者60例.按随机数字表法分为Shikani喉镜组(S组)和Airtraq喉镜组(A组),每组30例.记录入室15 min麻醉诱导前(T1)、麻醉诱导后插管前(T2)、插管即刻(T3)、插管后1 min(T4)及插管后3 min(T5)时的MAP、HR、气管插管的成功率、插管时间,评估患者对气管插管的耐受性、配合程度及满意度,观察术后咽喉损伤情况. 结果 与T1比较,A组T3～T5时点MAP升高、HR增快(P＜0.05).A组T3～T5时点MAP高于S组,HR快于S组(P＜0.05).S组插管时间短于A组[(15±4)s比(22±5)s],插管成功率高于A组(100％比90％)(P＜0.05).与A组比较,S组气管插管耐受性及满意度优于A组(P＜0.05),咽喉损伤的发生率也较A组少(P＜0.05). 结论 颈椎手术清醒诱导插管中,与Airtraq喉镜比较,Shikani喉镜可减少气管插管时心血管应激反应,提高插管成功率及患者的舒适度,缩短插管时间,降低咽喉损伤的发生率.     

鼾症患者使用三种不同可视喉镜行经口气管插管的比较

目的探讨Clarus可视喉镜、HPHJ-A视频喉镜和Airtraq可视喉镜在鼾症患者经口气管插管中的应用价值。方法选择拟行择期手术的鼾症患者90例,男39例,女51例,年龄22~55岁,BMI 25~29 kg/m2,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,随机分为三组:Clarus可视喉镜组(C组)、HPHJ-A视频喉镜组(H组)和Airtraq可视喉镜组(A组),每组30例。记录插管时间、首次插管成功率。记录麻醉诱导前(T0)、插管前(T1)、插管后即刻(T2)、插管后1 min(T3)、3 min(T4)时的HR、MAP、心率-收缩压乘积(RPP),记录咽喉损伤和出血情况。结果 C组均成功插管,H组插管失败有2例,A组插管失败有1例,后经Clarus可视喉镜均插管成功。C组插管完成时间明显长于H组和A组(P0.05),三组插管尝试次数差异无统计学意义。与T0时比较,T1时三组HR明显减慢,MAP、RPP明显降低(P0.05)。与T1时比较,T2时三组HR明显增快、MAP、RPP明显升高(P0.05),T3时H组和A组HR明显增快,三组MAP和RPP明显升高(P0.05)。T2时C组HR明显慢于H组和A组,RPP明显低于H组和A组(P0.05)。三组咽喉损伤和出血情况等不良反应差异无统计学意义。结论对于鼾症患者行经口气管插管时,与HPHJ-A视频喉镜和Airtraq可视喉镜比较,Clarus可视喉镜所需张口度要求低,血流动力学影响小,但插管所需时间较长,在预防咽喉损伤上并无明显优势。     

光棒联合直接喉镜气管插管对心率变异性的影响

目的观察光棒联合直接喉镜气管插管对心率变异性（heart rate variability,HRV）的影响,评价光棒联合喉镜进行气管插管的临床应用安全性和可行性。方法拟行气管插管全身麻醉患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为直接喉镜组（A组）和光棒联合直接喉镜组（B组）,每组40例。应用功谱分析法记录诱导前（TO）、诱导后（T1）、插管即刻（T2）及插管后1min（T3）、5min（T4）的HRV的总频（total frequency,TF）、高频（high frequency,HF）、低频（low frequency,LF）和LF／HF比率（LF／HF ratio,LF／HF）,同时记录各时间点的心率（heart rate,HR）、收缩压（systolic blood pressure,SBP）、舒张压（diastolic blood pressure,DBP）、各组插管时间、插管成功率及出现相关并发症例数。结果与T1时TF、LF[（795±167）、（265±87）ms^2／HZ]比较,A组患者T2、T3时的TF[（1825±207）、（1692±198）ms^2／HZ]、LF[（815±129）、（796±127）ms^2／HZ]和LF／HF（4．6±0．9;412±0．6）明显增加,A组增加程度大于B组（P〈0．05）;A组相应时间点HR、SBP及DBP增加程度也明显大于B组（P〈0．05）;B组插管成功率明显高于A组,而插管时间及并发症显著低于A组（P〈0．05）。结论光棒联合直接喉镜气管插管对HRV影响小、插管时间短、插管成功率高、并发症少,是一种安全有效的插管方法。     

Airtraq可视喉镜与Macintosh喉镜用于双腔支气管插管的临床研究

目的 比较Airtraq可视喉镜和Macintosh喉镜用于双腔支气管插管的临床效果.方法 选择需行单肺通气的胸外科手术患者60例,随机均分为两组.A组使用Airtraq可视喉镜而M组使用Macintosh直接喉镜行双腔支气管插管.比较两组插管时间、Cormack/Lehane分级、插管难易度评分(IDS评分)、进入目标支气管的成功率、口腔损伤出血情况(唇、齿、舌及口腔黏膜).结果 A组MallampatiⅢ级患者的插管时间明显短于M组(P＜0.05);Cormack/Lehane分级及IDS评分明显优于M组(P＜0.05);IDS评分≥1分患者A组明显少于M组(P＜0.05).结论 与Macintosh喉镜相比,MallampatiⅢ级患者使用Airtraq可视喉镜插管速度更快,Airtraq可视喉镜下声门显露更佳,且插管难度更低.     

Truview喉镜气管插管在婴儿应用的安全性和可行性

目的观察Truview喉镜气管插管在婴儿应用的安全性和可行性。方法选择62例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级患儿,年龄3～12月,拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期整形外科手术,随机分为Truview喉镜组(T组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组),每组31例。记录插管时声门暴露分级、麻醉诱导前、诱导后、气管插管后即刻及气管插管后1、2、3、4和5min的HR和SpO2;记录暴露声门时间、气管插管时间及气管插管的并发症。结果与M组比较,T组喉镜暴露声门程度差异无统计学意义,但暴露声门时间及气管插管时间相对延长(P0.05);两组患儿气管插管时HR均有增快(P0.05),但两组间HR和SpO2差异无统计学意义;插管时及拔管后两组均未见明显并发症。结论 Truview喉镜可以安全地应用于婴儿气管插管,但暴露声门和气管插管耗时相对延长。     

A comparative study of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with fiberoptic bronchoscope and laryngoscope in children

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to further identify the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation in children, using a fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) and a direct laryngoscope (DLS), and to validate whether the FOB can attenuate the hemodynamic response to orotracheal intubation compared with the DLS. METHODS: Forty-three children, ASA PS I-II scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the DLS group (n = 20) or the FOB group (n = 23). Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (postinduction values), at intubation and every minute for the first 5 min after intubation. The maximal values of SBP and HR during the observation were also recorded. The product of HR and SBP [rate pressure product (RPP)] at each time point was calculated. RESULTS: In the DLS group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation and 1 min after intubation were significantly higher than postinduction values, but did not exceed baseline values. In the FOB group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared with baseline and postinduction values. In the two groups, the maximal values of SBP, HR, and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than baseline values. Except for the HR at intubation, there were no significant differences in other hemodynamic parameters during the observation and the time required to reach maximal values of SBP, HR, and RPP between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Orotracheal intubation using FOB and DLS in children may cause similar increases in SBP and HR. Compared with the DLS, the FOB had no advantage in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation.     

视可尼喉镜经口不同径路气管插管对血流动力学影响的临床研究

目的 研究视可尼（Shikani Optical Stylet,SOS）左侧磨牙入路、正中入路和右侧磨牙入路经口气管插管对血流动力学的影响.方法 选择92例美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、年龄20岁～65岁,拟在经口气管插管全身麻醉下实施择期手术的患者,采用随机数字表法分为3组：左侧磨牙入路组（SL组,30例）、正中入路组（SM组,32例）和右侧磨牙入路组（SR组,30例）.麻醉诱导后分别采用不同径路实施SOS经口气管插管操作,观察3组患者麻醉诱导前后、气管插管时和气管插管后5 min内的血压（blood pressure,BP）、心率（heart rate,HR）和二重指数（rate pressure product,RPP）的变化,并记录气管插管时间.结果 右侧磨牙入路经口气管插管的操作时间[（31±10）s]较左侧磨牙入路[（22±11）s]明显延长（P＜0.05）.麻醉诱导后,3组患者的BP[SL组：（94±15） mmHg/（59±10） mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）;SM组：（95±17） mmHg/（56±9） mmHg;SR组：（102±14） mmHg/（58±9） mmHg]和RPP[SL组：7 125±1 826;SM组：7 127±1 826;SR组：7 326±1 621]均较麻醉诱导前[SL组：（132±11） mmHg/（72±9） mmHg;SM组：（135±11） mmHg/（72±6） mmHg;SR组：（136±14） mmHg/（71±1） mmHg;RPP：SL组：10 718±3 256;SM组：10 717±2 256;SR组：10 728±1 738]明显降低（P＜0.05）.与麻醉诱导后[SL组：（194±15）mmHg/（159±10）mmHg,HR：（77±16）次/min;SM组：（95±17） mmHg/（56±9）mmHg,HR：（77±16）次/min;SR组：（102±14）mmHg/（58±9） mmHg,HR：（74±13）次/min; RPP：SL组：7 125±1 826;SM组：7 127±1 826;SR组：7 326±1 621]比较,气管插管后3组患者的BP[SL组：（110±19） mmHg/（68±16） mmHg;SM组：（107±18） mmHg/（69±13） mmHg;SR组：（125±16） mmHg/（75±10） mmHg]、HR[SL组：（93±13）次/min;SM组：（93±17）次/min;SR组：（87±13）次/min]和RPP（SL组：9 234±2 787;SM组：9 234±2 689;SR组：9772±1 885）明显升高（     

Airtraq喉镜联合弹性插管探条在预计困难气道支气管插管中的应用

目的 比较Airtraq喉镜联合弹性插管探条(gum elastic bougie,GEB)和纤维支气管镜(fiberoptic bronchoscope,FOB)在预计困难气道患者支气管插管中的效果.方法 择期行右侧单肺通气的胸外科手术患者48例,张口度大于3 cm,Mallampati分级Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,随机数字表法分为两组(每组24例):Airtraq喉镜联合GEB组(A组)和FOB组(F组).记录插管首次成功率、置管时间、支气管对位用时和气道损伤情况,记录麻醉诱导前和支气管对位成功后2 min时点的SBP、DBP、HR和血浆去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)浓度.结果 插管首次成功率A组与F组差异无统计学意义(91.7％比95.8％,P＞0.05);A组置管时间[(91±17)s]短于F组[(105±19) s](P＜0.05);A组支气管对位用时[(132±34)s]长于F组[(55±12)s](P＜0.05);气道损伤并发症两组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组SBP、DBP、HR和血浆NE浓度在插管完成后2 min均较麻醉诱导前明显升高(P＜0.05),且A组高于F组(P＜0.05).结论 Aiaraq喉镜联合GEB用于预计困难气道支气管插管与FOB一样安全有效,但支气管对位较慢,心血管应激反应较大.     

Validation of the glidescope video laryngoscope in pediatric patients

Background:  GlideScope laryngoscopy provides a glottic view equal or superior compared to Macintosh laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation in adult patients. Data evaluating GlideScope laryngoscopy in pediatric patients are lacking. This study compared intubation times of GlideScope laryngoscopy vs Macintosh laryngoscopy in pediatric patients.
Methods:  Sixty ASA I–III patients, aged 10 years or less, were included in this study. Prior to intubation, airway characteristics were measured, and all patients were given an airway class by a separate anesthesiologist using a Macintosh laryngoscope. Patients were then randomly assigned for endotracheal intubation using a Macintosh laryngoscope or the GlideScope, and intubation time was measured. All blades were investigated for blood traces as a surrogate of laryngeal injury.
Results:  Demographic data and airway characteristics were not statistically significant different between groups. GlideScope intubation time (14 ± 5 s) was not different from Macintosh intubation time (13 ± 5 s). Blood traces were not observed on Macintosh or GlideScope blades.
Conclusion:  The GlideScope video laryngoscope is equally suitable to facilitate orotracheal intubation in pediatric patients compared to the Macintosh laryngoscope with respect to intubation time and laryngeal trauma.     

Comparison of hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh direct laryngoscope

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To identify the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation using a GlideScope videolaryngoscope (GSVL) in healthy adults, and to determine whether the GSVL could attenuate the hemodynamic response to orotracheal intubation compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS). DESIGN: Randomized study. SETTING: Operating room, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China. PATIENTS: 57 adult, ASA physical status I patients, scheduled for elective plastic surgery during general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly allocated to either the GSVL group (n = 30) or the MDLS group (n = 27). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of fentanyl 2 microg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg. Orotracheal intubation was started two minutes after vecuronium injection. All intubation procedures were performed by a single anesthesiologist experienced in using an MDLS and a GSVL. After intubation, anesthesia was maintained with 1% isoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and immediately after induction (postinduction values), at intubation, and for 5 minutes at one-minute intervals. Maximal BP and HR values during the observation and intubation times were also noted. The product of HR and systolic BP (ie, the rate-pressure product [RPP]) was calculated. Intubation time was significantly longer in the GSVL group than in the MDLS group (P < 0.01). Except for maximal value of diastolic BP in the GSVL group, increases in BPs during the observation in the two groups did not significantly exceed baseline values (P > 0.05). In the GSVL group, HR and RPP at intubation were significantly higher than their baseline values, and HR increases lasted for 4 minutes. In the MDLS group, HR at intubation was also significantly higher than its baseline value, but the tachycardic response lasted only for 1 minute. During the observation, there were no significant differences between the two groups in BPs, HRs, or RPPs at any time points or in their maximal values. CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation using a GSVL and an MDLS were similar. The GSVL had no any special advantage over the MDLS in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation.     

可视喉镜在新生儿手术气管插管中的应用

目的探讨可视喉镜在新生儿手术气管插管中的应用。方法选择2013-07—2013-12间行新生儿手术50例为研究对象,随机分为可视喉镜组(A组)25例和直接喉镜组(B组)25例,比较两组新生儿气管插管时声门暴露时间,完成气管插管的时间,插管一次成功率和新生儿插管前3 min、插管时及插管后3 min的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)的变化及插管相关不良反应。结果 A组与B组相比,A组声门暴露时间,完成气管插管的时间均明显缩短,A组插管一次成功率96%,B组插管一次成功率80%,差异有统计学意义。两组新生儿插管前和插管后3 min的MAP和HR比较,差异无统计学意义。但与B组相比,插管时A组新生儿MAP和HR明显降低,差异有统计学意义。A组新生儿插管时不良反应明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义。结论可视喉镜可提高新生儿手术气管插管时成功率,缩短声门暴露时间,气管插管的时间,降低插管不良反应,提高新生儿手术麻醉安全性。