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1.
背景 吸入麻醉药后处理(inhalational anesthetics postconditioning,APO)是指在缺血后冉灌注早期给予一定浓度吸入麻醉药处理.APO具有心肌保护作用,其作用机制目前尚未完全阐明.目的 对APO心肌保护作用机制的研究进展进行回顾和总结.内容 APO的心肌保护的信号转导机制与缺血后处...  相似文献   

2.
缺血后处理(ischemic postconditioning)是近年来提出的一种新的心肌保护方法,即心肌缺血后在长时间的再灌注之前,进行的数次短暂再灌注/缺血的循环。实验证明后处理对缺血心肌确有显著的保护作用。挥发性麻醉药后处理也可以发挥同样的保护效应,其机制比较复杂,远未阐明,现就其保护作用的机制作一综述。  相似文献   

3.
吸入麻醉药预处理有IPC样的心肌保护作用,其作用机制目前尚未完全阐明。吸入麻醉药预处理的信号转导机制可能与IPC的信号转导途径相似,吸入麻醉药可能刺激心肌产生触发因子,然后启动级联反应,激活效应因子,发挥预处理效应。目前为止,研究已证实ROS、G蛋白耦联受体、蛋白激酶、线粒体和肌膜KATP通道(Mito KATP and Sarc KATP)介导APC。现就吸入麻醉药心肌预处理信号转导机制方面的最新进展作一综述。  相似文献   

4.
缺血后处理是近年来提出的一种减轻缺血/再灌注损伤的新方法,即在全面再灌注前进行反复、短暂的预再灌/停灌干预而达到心肌保护作用,其机制可能与蛋白激酶C和再灌注损伤挽救激酶通路的激活、有害信号转导通路的抑制有关.另有研究显示缺血后处理的心肌保护作用可能与其在缺血心肌再灌注初产生的延迟性酸中毒状态有关.  相似文献   

5.
大量的动物研究显示,除了对心肌的间接保护作用,吸入麻醉药还具有直接的对抗心肌缺血损伤的作用.这可能为临床提供了一种预防围手术期缺血心肌功能紊乱的技术.吸入麻醉药预处理、后处理技术应用于临床,可能会改善缺血/再灌注心肌的功能,并最终提高患者的愈后.吸入麻醉药心肌保护临床实验研究较少,现主要讨论近几年吸入麻醉药预处理临床应用的进展.  相似文献   

6.
目前研究表明,对于心肌缺血/再灌注(isehemic/reperfusion,I/R)损伤,适当的刺激可以激活机体的内源性保护机制,即缺血预处理(ischemic preconditioning,IPC)和缺血后处理(ischemic postconditioning,I-post),最终达到心肌保护效果.同时现有的研究发现,吸人性麻醉药同样可以诱导产生内源性的心肌保护作用,其作用机制及临床应用前景成为目前广泛关注的焦点,现就以七氟醚为代表的吸入性麻醉药的心肌保护作用及糖尿病与吸人性麻醉药心肌保护作用的关系作一简要综述.  相似文献   

7.
吸入麻醉药物预处理对成熟心肌能起到与缺血预适应相同或相似的保护作用。研究显示七氟醚能扩张冠状动脉, 降低心肌耗氧量,对缺血再灌注心肌,减轻缺血再灌注损伤。但目前七氟醚对未成熟心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响有待进一步研究。细胞凋亡是心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制之一,本研究拟观察七氟醚对缺血再灌注未成熟兔心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其有关机制,为临床研究提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
背景 麻醉药物后处理是最近提出的一种心肌保护的新策略,具有很好的临床应用前景.目的 麻醉药物后处理对心肌再灌注损伤的保护是多因素参与的复杂过程,对麻醉药物后处理中心肌胞内信号转导的作用机制及研究进展作一综述.内容 麻醉药物后处理除了通过减少活性氧类物质的产生、抑制线粒体内钙超载、减轻内皮功能失调等被动作用外,还可主动激...  相似文献   

9.
背景 大量实验证据表明缺血后处理和药物后处理对心肌再灌注损伤具有确切的保护作用.七氟烷是一种新型的、理想的吸入性麻醉药,被广泛应用于全身麻醉.实验证明七氟烷后处理可以保护心肌对抗缺血/再灌注损伤(ischemia/reperfusion injury,I/RI).目的 通过对近年研究进展的总结对七氟烷后处理的心肌保护作用及机制予以阐述.内容七氟烷后处理可以减少再灌注心肌的梗死面积、线粒体损害和再灌注室性心律失常的发生,改善心脏的血流动力学.七氟烷后处理心肌保护作用复杂且涉及多个方面,如阻断线粒体通透性转运孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore,mPTP)、激活线粒体ATP敏感性K+通道(mitochondrial KATP-channel,mKATP),激活细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)以及磷酯酰肌醇-3激酶-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(phosphatidylin ositol-3-kinase-serine/threonine,PI3K-Akt)信号通道等. 趋势 未来的研究除进一步探究七氟烷后处理的心肌保护机制,同时应加强七氟烷后处理的临床应用,为实际工作提供可靠依据.  相似文献   

10.
大量的离体和在体动物实验都证实卤代吸入麻醉药对缺血心肌具有保护作用。吸入麻醉药可促进缺血后心肌功能的恢复和减少心肌梗死面积。其机制有模拟缺血预处理的作用。静脉麻醉药如异丙酚无此种心肌保护作用的特性。其机制尚未阐明,但对心肌细胞的保护效应是通过蛋白激酶C耦联的  相似文献   

11.
吸入麻醉药预处理对心肌缺血侑罐注损伤具有急性期和“第二保护窗”两个时间段的保护作用。“第二保护窗”起效缓慢而持久,临床上有充分的时间在手术前给予,能更方便有效地预防围术期心肌缺血的并发症。它可诱导一些触发因子如腺苷、一氧化氮的产生,通过信号转导通路蛋白激酶C、核因子-κB等,作用于ATP敏感性钾通道及活性氧族等终末效应离子通道或保护蛋白而发挥迟发性心肌保护。现就近年来关于吸入麻醉药预处理对心肌“第二保护窗”的作用机制作一综述。  相似文献   

12.
梁晓君  侯敏 《中国美容医学》2013,22(10):1072-1075
目的:通过大鼠实验,研究丙泊酚在大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤时对线粒体通透性转换孔活性的影响程度,及其抑制神经细胞凋亡坏死的作用机制。以探讨其在正颌外科控制性降压中的脑保护作用机理。方法:选取健康雄性大鼠30只,体重250~300g,采用"双侧颈总动脉阻断法"建立前脑缺血再灌注模型,左侧侧脑室于假手术组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R)组注射生理盐水1ml/kg,丙泊酚干预组(P组)射注丙泊酚1mg/kg,24h后断头提取海马组织线粒体,加入CaCl2于37℃下形成钙超载后孵育5min。电镜观察其微观组织形态学改变,采用紫外分光光度计法来观察线粒体通透性转换孔开放程度。结果:电镜下C组线粒体结构完整,排列密集;I/R组可见线粒体明显肿胀、嵴断裂、膜破裂;P组可见线粒体部分肿胀,嵴部分断裂,但损伤程度轻于I/R组。与C组相比较,I/R组和P组线粒体吸光度值明显下降(P<0.05);与I/R相比,P吸光度值下降幅度减小(P<0.05)。丙泊酚组细胞肿胀坏死明显减轻,凋亡细胞及坏死细胞明显减少。结论:丙泊酚能够改善大鼠前脑缺血再灌注后线粒体形态,其机制可能与其抑制线粒体通透性转换孔(MPTP)开放有关,从而改善线粒体功能,抑制神经细胞凋亡坏死,减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤。这说明丙泊酚在正颌外科控制性降压中使用时对大脑有良好的保护作用,可以大幅度提高手术安全效果,具有重要的临床指导意义。  相似文献   

13.
Hepatic steatosis is one of the most common hepatic disorders in developed countries. The epidemic of obesity in developed countries has increased with its attendant complications, including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Steatotic livers are particularly vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury, resulting in an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver surgery, including liver transplantation. There is growing understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for treating ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients with steatotic livers. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of steatotic livers to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and signal transduction alterations, and summarizes the clinical impact of steatotic livers in the setting of hepatic resection and liver transplantation. This review also describes potential therapeutic approaches, such as ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning, to prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury in patients with steatotic livers. Other approaches, including machine perfusion, are also under clinical investigation; however, many pharmacological approaches developed through basic research are not yet suitable for clinical application.  相似文献   

14.
目的探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ协同刺激因子1α(PGC-1α)在早期缺血预处理中的作用和早期缺血预处理的机制。方法取Wistar大鼠30只,建立离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型,随机分成3组,每组10只。对照组(CON组):全心灌流120min,不做任何处理;缺血-再灌注组(I/R组):心脏平衡灌流30min后,缺血30min,再灌注60min;缺血预处理组(IPC组):心脏平衡灌流10min,经2次缺血5min复灌5min后,缺血30min,再灌注60min。采用链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶(S-P法)检测PGC-1α的表达,测定平均积分光密度值(IODA);采用电子显微镜对心肌线粒体进行Flameng评分。结果IPC组PGC-1α表达(IODA10.94±5.23)明显高于I/R组(IODA3.88±1.72)和CON组(IODA3.39±2.46;P=0.009,0.007)。I/R组线粒体水肿、破裂明显,而CON组、IPC组线粒体损伤较轻。Flameng评分分析显示,IPC组(0.44±0.13)和CON组(0.88±0.22)线粒体评分低于I/R组(1.78±0.14;P=0.003,0.014)。结论IPC能明显减轻线粒体损伤,其机制与PGC-1α激活和高度表达有关,PGC-1α可能是一种重要的内源性心肌保护物质。  相似文献   

15.
Background: Although isoflurane is reported to have a protective effect against ischemic damage on the myocardium, the mechanisms of this effect are not clear. Activation of adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium (KATP) channels is indicated to protect myocardium during ischemia. Thus, it was hypothesized that if isoflurane could activate KATP channels, blockade of KATP channels would decrease its cardioprotective effect.
Methods: Mongrel dogs, anesthetized with morphine, urethane, and chloralose, were subjected to 15 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 min reperfusion. The dogs were divided into three groups: the control group (n=8), IS0 group (n=8) and ISOGC group (n=8). In the IS0 and ISOGC groups, 1 MAC of isoflurane was administrated during ischemia and reperfusion. In the ISOGC group, 0.3 mg/ kg of glibenclamide, the KATP channel blocker, was given 45 min before ischemia. Full-thickness samples of myocardium were obtained and the concentrations of adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate and lactate in the endocardial portion of the myocardium were measured.
Results: The ischemia-reperfusion caused a 25.4% and 27.6% reduction of myocardial ATP in the control and ISOGC groups, respectively. In contrast, the IS0 group showed only 11.0% reduction of AT, which was significantly lower compared to the other groups ( P < 0.01).
Conclusions: Our results shows that blockade of the KATP channel abolishes cardioprotective effects of isoflurane in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. The KATP channel may play a role in the ATP-sparing effect of isoflurane.  相似文献   

16.
The mechanisms of ischemic cell death and reperfusion injury in the myocardium and the ways to limit these have been under extensive research for decades. The discovery of the phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, i.e. endogenous protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury obtained by one or more brief preceding episodes of ischemia, really boosted this research 15 years ago. Even though extensive research in experimental animals has provided data on the cellular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning, such as adenosine receptor activation, opening of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels and production of endogenous protective stress proteins, direct clinical applications are still missing. The purpose of this study is to summarize the latest progress in solving the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the phenomenon, as well as the evidence for the existence of this phenomenon in humans and its clinical relevance.  相似文献   

17.
The mechanisms of ischemic cell death and reperfusion injury in the myocardium and the ways to limit these have been under extensive research for decades. The discovery of the phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning, i.e. endogenous protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury obtained by one or more brief preceding episodes of ischemia, really boosted this research 15 years ago. Even though extensive research in experimental animals has provided data on the cellular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning, such as adenosine receptor activation, opening of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels and production of endogenous protective stress proteins, direct clinical applications are still missing. The purpose of this study is to summarize the latest progress in solving the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the phenomenon, as well as the evidence for the existence of this phenomenon in humans and its clinical relevance.  相似文献   

18.
肾缺血预处理对未成熟心肌的保护作用   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的探讨肾缺血预处理对未成熟心肌保护的影响,为未成熟心肌的保护提供新的方法。方法建立兔Langendorff灌注模型,将18只幼兔随机分为3组,缺血/再灌注组(I/R组):灌注15min转为工作心15min,停灌45min,恢复灌注15min改为工作心30min;心脏缺血预处理组(CIP组):灌注15min转为工作心15min,反复2次缺血5min再灌注5min,重复I/R组的方法;肾缺血预处理组(RIP组):反复3次阻断左肾动脉血流5min再灌注5min,取离体心脏,灌注15min转为工作心15min,重复I/R组的方法。观察血流动力学、生化等指标。结果CIP组和RIP组的冠状动脉流量(CF)、心排血量(CO)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)恢复百分率均较I/R组升高,左心室舒张期末压(LVEDP)恢复率则较I/R组降低,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01);三组间比较,HR、AF恢复率差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);RIP组与CIP组比较各指标恢复率差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。RIP组与I/R组比较:心肌含水量(MWC)、血清肌酸激酶(cK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率、ATP含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、心肌细胞内Ca^2+含量、心肌线粒体Ca^2+-ATPase活性、心肌线粒体Ca^2+含量、心肌线粒体合成ATP能力差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01),RIP组和CIP组比较各项指标差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论肾缺血预处理对未成熟心肌具有心肌保护作用。  相似文献   

19.
目的:观察肝缺血再灌注损伤时c-fos、Bcl-2与脑细胞凋亡的关系及葛根素对其影响的可能机制。方法:建立肝缺血再灌注损伤动物模型。选健康雄性SD大鼠56只,随机分为对照组、缺血30min组(I组)、缺血30min即刻再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血30min再灌注1h组(I/R1h)、缺血30min再灌注2h组(I/R2h)、30min再灌注4h组(I/R4h)及葛根素预处理组(PUE+I/R4h组),每组8只。观缺血察各组肝、脑HE染色;应用免疫组织化学方法测定各组大鼠脑组织c-fos、Bcl-2的表达;应用原位细胞凋亡法测定脑细胞凋亡。结果:I/R2h组、I/R4h组肝组织中散在分布大量炎症细胞,肝细胞明显肿胀,有的呈空泡状变性,肝脏结构紊乱;PUE+I/R4h组上述改变明显改善。I/R2h、I/R4h组脑组织水肿明显,PUE+I/R4h组明显改善。与对照组比较,其余各组脑组织c-fos表达均增高﹙P〈0.01),I/R4h组水平最高,PUE+I/R4h组较I/R1h组、I/R2h组、I/R4h组明显降低(P〈0.01)。与对照组比较,其余各组脑组织Bcl-2表达增高(P〈0.01),I/R4h组与I/R2h组差异无统计学意义﹙P〉0.05),PUE+I/R4h组较对照组、组表达增多(P〈0.01),较I/R1h组、I/R2h组、I/R4h组明显降低(P〈0.01)。I组、I/R组细胞I凋亡指数较对照组明显增加(P〈0.01),随着再灌注时间的延长细胞凋亡指数逐渐增加。PUE+I/R4h组较I/R2h组、I/R4h组明显降低(P〈0.01)。结论:肝缺血再灌注损伤可引起脑组织的损伤及脑细胞凋亡。随着再灌注时间的延长,脑组织中c-fos表达增高,脑细胞凋亡与c-fos的表达有关。Bcl-2在缺血期发挥了抑凋亡的作用,随着再灌注时间的延长,其作用减弱,脑细胞凋亡指数增加。葛根素可能通过抑制c-fos的表达、增加Bcl-2的表达发挥减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤所致脑细胞凋亡的作用。  相似文献   

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