大鼠全胰十二指肠肾脏整块联合移植

为适应胰肾联合移植（ＳＰＫ）发展的需要，在纯系Ｌｅｗｉｓ大鼠上建立ＳＰＫ模型，结果表明该术式切实可行，手术成功率在８２．６％，术后能长期存活，移植物血管通畅，从胰肾功能正常，胸腺外分泌引流入肠腔，尿路及代谢并发症发生率低，此模型可进一步用于ＳＰＫ有关的理论研究。     

大鼠胰十二指肠移植缺血-再灌注损伤模型的建立

目的 探索胰腺移植缺血．再灌注损伤(I-RI)的发生机制及防治措施。方法 采用双套管 移植物腹主动脉三通管外接法完成大鼠全胰十二指肠同种异体移植动物模型。实验分为A、B组。每组15只，分别于术后6、24h处死。处死时检测非空腹血糖，并行移植物组织学观察。结果 30次实验中，总手术时间仅为2h左右，移植手术成功率100％。排除因套管内血栓形成引起移植物失功的3例外，其余受试大鼠血糖水平均在术后6或24h降至正常，移植胰功能存活率为90％(27／30)。A、B两组组织学改变符合I-RI病生特点。结论 本模型操作简便、稳定，不需阻断体循环，具有术后移植物功能恢复早的优点，适用于临床胰腺移植有关的理论研究。     

供体抗原经门静脉处理及移植物从门静脉回流对大鼠胰腺移植…

以３５只雄性ＳＤ大鼠为受体，制成糖尿病模型，以同龄Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠为供体，行全县腺移植。供体抗原分别经门静灌周围静脉处理，处理时间分别为移植前预处理或移植时处理，移植物静脉分别从门静脉或下腔静脉回流，结果表明供体抗原经门静脉预处理及移植物从门静脉加流对胰腺移植物功能存活的延长具有协同效应，移植时处理延长胰腺移植物效果不如移植前预处理，但可能具有一定的实用意义。     

大鼠胰十二指肠肾脏联合移植模型的实验研究

目的：为了进行胰肾联合移植基础研究，建立一种简易可靠的大鼠胰十二指肠肾脏联合移植（SPKT）模型，方法：雄性SD大鼠作同品系异体移植的供受体，受体尾静脉注射链脲霉素（STZ）50mg/kg，建立大鼠糖尿病模型，在保存液中，移植物门静脉与肾下下腔静脉作袖套式吻合；移植物肾上腹主动脉，肾上下腔静脉分别与受体肾下腹主动脉，肾下下腔静脉显微缝合吻合，移植物十二指肠与受体十二指肠端侧吻合，移植物带输尿管的膀胱片与受体膀胱吻合。结果：血管吻合时间及受体手术时间短，手术成功率为88％，移植胰腺及肾脏功能良好。结论：此模型是一种简易可靠的大鼠胰十二指肠肾脏联合移植模型。     

大鼠全胰十二指肠移植术实验研究观察

目的: 建立大鼠全胰十二指肠移植(PTA)模型 。方法: 根据SunLee等的方法建立大鼠PTA模型,并进行部分改进。行大鼠PTA70例,术后观察大鼠血、尿糖变化,移植物组织病理学改变,血运情况等 。结果: 术后一周存活65例,手术成功率达92.9%。术后第一日大鼠血、尿糖即恢复正常。术后能长期存活者,移植物血管通畅,功能正常 。结论: 大鼠PTA治疗实验性糖尿病切实可行。手术方法简便、易行,手术成功率高,胰腺外分泌液引流入肠腔符合生理特点。     

大鼠原位移植肝脏中细胞凋亡与转化生长因子-β1 mRNA表达的实验研究

本实验旨在探讨大鼠原位肝移植免疫特惠的机制 ,研究肝脏移植移植物中肝实质细胞和浸润细胞凋亡及肝脏移植移植物中转化生长因子 β1 (ＴＧＦ β1 )ｍＲＮＡ的表达变化。一、材料与方法1 .实验动物分组 :肝移植模型用改良Ｋａｍａｄａ[1 ] 方法进行。Ａ组ＳＤ大鼠原位肝移植假手术对照组 ,(ｎ =30 ) ;Ｂ组Ｗｉｓｔａｒ→ＳＤ原位肝移植组 ,(ｎ =30 )。肝脏移植大鼠分别于术后 1、3、5、7、1 4ｄ各引颈处死 6只 ,获取移植物 ,迅速用液氮降温 ,- 80℃低温冰箱保存备用。2 .细胞凋亡的动态检测 :用ＴＵＮＥＬ法标记过氧化物酶显色检测细胞凋亡…     

免疫毒素及可溶性抗原诱导胰岛移植耐受

目的　通过静脉注入抗ＣＤ４ 、ＣＤ８ 免疫毒素及供体可溶性抗原诱导胰岛移植物免疫耐受。方法　供、受体分别为Ｗｉｓｔａｒ 大鼠和ＳＤ大鼠， 移植前１４ 天、７ 天分别将免疫毒素各２００ μｇ， 供体可溶性抗原５００ μｇ 经静脉注入受体， 然后将供体５００ 个胰岛移植于受体（ 糖尿病大鼠）左侧肾包膜下。结果　用免疫毒素及供体可溶性抗原联合处理组胰岛移植物存活时间显著延长（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ， 而单独应用抗ＣＤ４ 、ＣＤ８ 免疫毒素或供体可溶性抗原组仅能获得胰岛移植物存活时间轻度延长。结论　抗ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８ 免疫毒素及供体可溶性抗原联合应用可以诱导供体特异性免疫耐受     

大鼠肝小肠联合移植的研究

采用封闭群大鼠建立一种肝小肠联合移植模型，研究肝移植后的自然耐受状态对小肠移植物的保护作用。结果发现：在封闭群单独小肠移植组大鼠，术后１４天内排斥率为１００％。     

辅酶Q10对移植胰缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

缺血后损伤是影响移植物功能存活的重要因素。我们以大鼠胰腺移植为模型,观察供胰在不同热缺血时间（ＷＩ）给予辅酶Ｑ１０（ＣｏＱ１０）对移植胰腺功能存活的影响,现将结果报道如下。     

猪肝小肠联合移植模型的建立

目的 建立猪同种异体带胰头和十二指肠的肝小肠联合移植动物模型(LSBT)。方法 动物为杂交长白猪，供器官包括少部分胰头、十二指肠、肝脏以及近端空肠2～3m，整块移植物移植到去除肝脏和全部小肠的受者猪。结果 在没有应用免疫抑制剂的情况下，猪移植术后中位生存时间为92h，最长时间为196h，其中有75％的动物术后生存时间超过24h。结论 猪的带部分胰头和十二指肠的肝小肠联合移植模型的成功建立，为临床肝小肠联合移植的开展和研究打下了基础。     

大鼠原位辅助性肝移植治疗急性肝功能衰竭

为了评价大鼠原位辅助性部分肝移植（ＡＰＯＬＴ）对急性肝功能衰竭的支持作用。切除７５％的肝脏并阻残余肝脏的血供５０分钟导大鼠急性肝功能衰竭。治疗组受体计切除７５％并将３０％的供肝植于原位，然后阻断残余的右上叶的右下叶之血供５０分钟。结果显示，大鼠急性肝功能衰竭的５天生存率仅３３％，而接受ＡＰＯＬＴ者５天生存率和移植肝存活率分别为８０％和７３％，术后第５天肝功能基本恢复正常。可见，大肝切除和余肝缺血诱     

大鼠原位肝移植胆道外引流模型的建立

目的 建立一个稳定的大鼠原位肝移植胆道外引流模型,为研究移植术后胆汁中的成分,细胞学及免疫学指标提供可能。方法 在Ｋａｍａｄａ方法的基础上,加以技术改进,肝上下腔静脉采用端端吻合法,门静脉及肝下下腔静脉采取袖套法吻合,胆总管内置引流管引至大鼠颈背部,外接引流袋。结果 共施行大鼠原位肝移植７５次,２４ｈ动物存活率这９３．３％,１周动物存活为８６．６％,结论 该模型是研究肝移植术后胆汁成分,胆汁细胞学     

Pancreas transplantation in the rat using Lee's technique: a reliable model in experimental microsurgery

Numerous unresolved problems, both technical and immunological, in pancreas transplantation stimulate experimental studies. Dogs have been routinely used in experimental studies but today rats are more commonly used. However, pancreas transplantation in the rat presents complex technical problems and requires a good knowledge of microsurgical techniques. In 1983 Squifflet undertook an experimental study aimed at evaluating the technical aspects of pancreas transplantation in the rat and calculating the success rates using different methods. The comparison of four methods revealed to our surprise that 100% of the rats operated on using Lee's technique had complications, with a 0% survival rate. In our study we report our experience using Lee's technique which we had the opportunity of mastering directly under the supervision of Professor Lee. We performed 100 pancreas transplantations using Lee's technique and divided our study in two phases. In the first phase we performed 70 pancreas transplantations and overall survival, after 1 week, was 42 rats (60%). In the second phase on 30 rats diabetes was induced by administering 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin. These 30 diabetic rats underwent pancreas transplantation and overall survival, after 1 week, was 25 (83.3%). We believe that our successful survival rates could probably be explained by the close collaboration between Lee and our department. Moreover, we noted the importance of constant training in obtaining better results, and in our opinion Lee's technique of pancreas transplantation is a reliable experimental model which can be used to resolve problems linked to pancreas transplantation.     

改进技术的大鼠全小肠移植术

目的建立并发症少、成活率高的大鼠异位全小肠移植模型。方法应用显微外科技术对１９６只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠施行异位全小肠移植。术前缩短禁食时间,补充能量,术中静脉输液;减少对供肠的机械和缺血性损伤;重建供肠血管采用腹主动脉－腹主动脉吻合以及门静脉－左肾静脉套管法吻合。结果热缺血时间≤４０±５分钟,吻合口无血栓形成及狭窄,９８只接受小肠移植大鼠的存活率为８８．７８％（８７／９８）。结论改进技术后的大鼠全小肠移植术具有并发症少,存活率高的特点,并且稳定、实用     

大鼠肝移植肝动脉重建方法改进的实验研究

目的 构建重建肝动脉血供的大鼠肝移植模型.方法 在经典"二袖套"法的基础上,利用24G静脉留置针外鞘管制作动脉支架管吻合供体腹腔动脉及受体肝总动脉.结果 共进行肝移植26次.所有手术均单人操作完成.手术成功率(存活24 h以上)为92.3%(24/26).动脉吻合时间仅需(1.70±0.46)min.经解剖发现术后第1天及第30天所有动物肝动脉均通畅,搏动良好,各肝叶入口处动脉亦充盈良好.未发现胆道坏死,胰腺坏死或由于周围组织包绕形成的胆道内漏等.结论 利用支架法吻合供体腹腔动脉及受体肝总动脉的方法 是一种操作简便、耗时短、对正常生理干扰小、通畅率高的理想的大鼠肝移植肝动脉重建方法 .     

Pancreas Transplantation in the Rat Using Lee's Technique: A Reliable Model in Experimental Microsurgery

Numerous unresolved problems, both technical and immunological, in pancreas transplantation stimulate experimental studies. Dogs have been routinely used in experimental studies but today rats are more commonly used. However, pancreas transplantation in the rat presents complex technical problems and requires a good knowledge of microsurgical techniques. In 1983 Squifflet undertook an experimental study aimed at evaluating the technical aspects of pancreas transplantation in the rat and calculating the success rates using different methods. The comparison of four methods revealed to our surprise that 100% of the rats operated on using Lee's technique had complications, with a 0% survival rate. In our study we report our experience using Lee's technique which we had the opportunity of mastering directly under the supervision of Professor Lee. We performed 100 pancreas transplantations using Lee's technique and divided our study in two phases. In the first phase we performed 70 pancreas transplantations and overall survival, after I week, was 42 rats (60%). In the second phase on 30 rats diabetes was induced by administering 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin. These 30 diabetic rats underwent pancreas transplantation and overall survival, after I week, was 25 (83.3%). We believe that our successful survival rates could probably be explained by the close collaboration between Lee and our department. Moreover, we noted the importance of constant training in obtaining better results, and in our opinion Lee's technique of pancreas transplantation is a reliable experimental model which can be used to resolve problems linked to pancreas transplantation.     

大鼠肝小肠联合移植模型的建立

本文报告一种封闭群大鼠进行的肝小肠联合移植模型。术中供体肝与小肠整块游离和灌注，分开切取。供肝原位、供肠异位移植于受体大鼠。主要血管用Ｋａｍａｄａ袖套法吻合，正式实验２１次，３天以上存活率为４３％。结果表明：减少手术时间和简化操作技术是提高成功率的关键因素和基本原则。     

猫胰十二指肠移植的组织病理学研究

为研究全胰、十二指肠移植早期自然的排斥反应和应用抗排斥药物后胰、十二指肠移植物的组织病理学变化，对２７只猫施行了全胰、十二指肠移植术。实验分为对照组（Ａ组）、地塞米松组（Ｂ组）、环孢素Ａ１（ＣｓＡ）组（Ｃ组）及ＣｓＡ２组（Ｄ组），在动物死亡时立即切取移植胰做病理检查。结果对照组平均存活６．１天，移植胰腺全部发生坏死，十二指肠粘膜及肠壁亦明显坏死。地塞米松组动物平均存活１８．４天，死亡时移植胰腺和十二指肠呈现程度不等的坏死和急、慢性炎症，小叶间质出现纤维组织增生。Ｃ组每天经口给予ＣｓＡ２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，动物平均存活时间为１０天，移植胰腺可见程度不等的部分坏死，轻者接近正常，十二指肠基本正常。Ｄ组每天经口给予ＣｓＡ１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，动物平均存活时间为３１天，移植胰腺组织结构良好，仅部分腺泡萎缩，轻度纤维组织增生，间质有散在淋巴细胞浸润，十二指肠粘膜有慢性炎症反应。研究提示移植胰腺在急性排斥时全部发生坏死，十二指肠粘膜及肠壁也同时发生坏死；免疫抑制剂的抗排斥作用可减轻移植胰腺的损伤，延长移植动物的存活时间，但对肝和肾的毒性损害应注意。     

Development of an orthotopic hepatic transplantation technique in rats: what should the researcher's objectives be?

The development of liver transplantation in man emphasises the need for more work in the field of experimental liver transplantation. For this purpose the model of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat is very useful but difficult to establish as a safe and reproducible technique. The aim of this study concerning acquisition of the orthotopic liver transplantation model in the rat was to define precise objectives for future investigators. Two investigators without experience in microsurgery each performed 75 orthotopic liver transplantations, which were divided into five consecutive series. In each series survival times of the recipients after transplantation were analysed according to the mean duration of the operative procedure and the mean portal vein clamping time. For each investigator, mean duration of the operative procedure progressively decreased to reach a minimum at the 45th graft. From that time on, the portal vein clamping time became less than 17 minutes and a significant increase in the post operative survival time of the recipient was observed. However it was only from the sixtieth transplantation on, with stable portal vein clamping time but technical mistakes fewer that a high success rate was observed.