访谈：启东肿瘤防治研究现场坚守者陈建国研究员

自20世纪70年代江苏启东被确认为肝癌高发区后,随着启东肝癌防治研究所的发展和防治研究工作的深入,启东已逐渐成为国内最主要的肿瘤防治现场之一。在启东肝癌防治研究50年的历程中,不仅得到了各级党组织和政府的全力支持,也得到了全国各地肿瘤防治机构的大力扶持,使启东肝癌研究取得了令人瞩目的成绩。启东已成为中国肿瘤高发现场开展防治研究的成功典范。本刊采访了启东肝癌防治研究所陈建国研究员,倾听他的心路历程。     

贺启东肝癌防治研究所建所40周年!

启东肝癌防治研究纪念特辑编者按： 本期刊登一组纪念启东肝癌防治研究工作40周年的文章。文章的作者都是曾经在启东现场或现在仍在启东现场从事肝癌防治研究工作的学者,他们中有已在现场从事肝癌防治工作40年的学者,有早期赴启东现场参加肿瘤防治的江苏省医疗队、上海医疗队队员。     

那时我们还年轻——在启东参加肝癌研究的往事

作者曾经作为上海市赴启东医疗队的一员,参加了启东早期肝癌防治研究工作.从自己和启东一批年轻好学的防治人员共同抗击肝癌的经历,见证了启东肝癌防治现场病因、诊断和治疗的开创性工作和发展.     

启东肝癌防治研究所建所30周年专题报道——领导专家为启东肝癌防治现场题词选登

启东肝癌防治研究所建所30周年专题报道——领导专家为启东肝癌防治现场题词选登@陈建国     

启东肝癌防控策略的研究及现场干预的效果

启东肝癌防治现场在实践中确立了肝癌防控策略,并针对主要病因采取了综合性的干预措施,使肝癌标化发病率下降44.35%,标化死亡率下降44.20%,特别是青年人肝癌发病率(死亡率)的下降,在流行病学、生态学和生物标志物方面均获得了可信的证据。启东肝癌防控的长期实践表明,针对危险因素开展综合防治和干预,完全有可能取得一级预防和二级预防效果。     

启东肝癌防治研究所承担的科研项目

1972年以来,启东肝癌防治研究所承担科研项目129项,其中国际协作6项,国家“863”、国家重点医学科技攻关及国家基金项目23项,省级项目43项。目前正在实施的科研项目如下：附表启东肝癌防治研究所目前正在实施的科研项目一览表启东肝癌防治研究所承担的科研项目@陆培新     

启东肝癌防治研究所获奖科研成果

1978年以来,启东肝癌防治研究所获科技成果奖62项,其中美国癌症免疫奖1项,国家级奖6项,部省级奖门项,省科委、省卫生厅奖10项,市级奖28项。附表启东肝癌防治研究所获省以上科技成果奖一览表启东肝癌防治研究所获奖科研成果@陆培新     

我与启东肝癌所合作研究的岁月

作者自1973年以江苏省赴启东医疗队队员的身份开始参加启东肝癌研究,围绕黄曲霉毒素这一肝癌的主要病因,与启东肝癌防治研究所以及国内外同仁一起共同奋斗,开展了长期的合作研究.     

启东肝癌的现场研究：40年回顾

启东肝癌防治现场是在社会各界、国内外同行和当地科研医务人员的共同努力下发展起来的.全文简要回顾启东肝癌防治现场40年来在肝癌流行病学、病因、一级预防、二级预防、化学预防及诊疗方面的研究背景和进展.     

启东肝癌高发现场专题报道

启东肝癌防治研究所自70年代以来走科技协作之路,注重人才培养,取得了世人注目的成就,不仅有了完善的肿瘤登报制度和网络体系,其恶性肿瘤发病率登记进入了《五大洲癌症发病率》;对肝癌的病因学及其综合预防研究使肝癌的发病率出现稳中有降的趋势;肝癌的早诊早治研究曾获得“美国癌症免疫奖”,为充分展示启东肝癌高发现场的防治研究成果及其成功经验,本刊记者今年年初专程赴启东进行了综合采访。1979年10月9日,中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所孙宗棠（左）,上海第一医学院中山医院汤钊猷（中）和江苏启东肝癌防治研究所来源等（右）E美…     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.