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1.
Background
Symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia in infancy and childhood (SHIC), may be an early manifestation of a primary immunodeficiency or a maturational delay in the normal production of immunoglobulins (Ig). We aimed to evaluate the natural course of SHIC and correlate in vitro lymphoproliferative and secretory responses with recovery of immunoglobulin values and clinical resolution. 相似文献2.
Duthie SJ Gardner PT Morrice PC Wood SG Pirie L Bestwick CC Milne L Duthie GG 《European journal of nutrition》2005,44(4):195-203
Summary
Background
Fruit and
vegetable consumption protects
against cancer. This is attributed in
part to antioxidants such as vitamin
E combating oxidative DNA
damage. Anthocyanins are found in
significant concentrations in the
human diet. However, it remains to
be established whether they are
bioactive in vivo.
Aim
To investigate
the consequence both of vitamin
E deficiency on oxidative damage
to DNA and lipids and the
cytoprotective effect of nutritionally
relevant levels of cyanidin–3–glycoside both in vivo in rats and
in vitro in human colonocytes.
Methods
Male Rowett Hooded Lister
rats were fed a diet containing
less than 0.5 mg/kg vitamin E or a
vitamin E supplemented control
diet containing 100 mg d–tocopherol
acetate/kg. Half of the controls
and vitamin E–deficient rats
received cyanidin–3–glycoside
(100 mg/kg). After 12 weeks endogenous
DNA stability in rat lymphocytes
(strand breaks and oxidised
bases) and response to
oxidative stress ex vivo (H2O2;
200 µM) was measured by single
cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).
Tissue levels of 8–oxo–7,8–dihydro–2–deoxyguanosine (8–Oxo–dG)
were measured by HPLC with EC
detection. D–tocopherol and lipid
peroxidation products (thiobarbituric
acid reactive substances;
TBARS) were measured by HPLC.
Rat plasma pyruvate kinase and
the production of reactive oxygen
by phagocytes were detected spectrophotometrically
and by flow cytometry
respectively. Immortalised
human colon epithelial cells
(HCEC) were preincubated in vitro
with the anthocyanins cyanidin
and cyanidin–3–glycoside and the
flavonol quercetin (all 50 µM) before
exposure to H2O2 (200 µM).
DNA damage was measured by
SCGE as above.
Results
Plasma and
liver d–tocopherol declined progressively
over 12 weeks in rats
made vitamin E deficient. Lipid
peroxidation was increased significantly
in plasma, liver and red cells.
Reactive oxygen levels in phagocytes
and plasma pyruvate kinase
were increased. Vitamin E deficiency
did not affect DNA stability
in rat lymphocytes, liver or colon.
Cyanidin–3–glycoside did not alter
lipid peroxidation or DNA damage
in rats. However, it was chemoprotective
against DNA damage in human
colonocytes.DNA strand
breakage was decreased
38.8 ± 2.2 % after pretreatment with
anthocyanin.
Conclusion
while it is
accepted that vitamin E alters lipid
oxidation in vivo, its role in maintaining
DNA stability remains unclear.
Moreover, whereas cyanidin–3–glycoside protects against
oxidative DNA damage in vitro, at
nutritionally relevant concentrations
it is ineffective against oxidative
stress in vivo. 相似文献
3.
In fitness and health? A prospective study of changes in marital status and fitness in men and women
Ortega FB Brown WJ Lee DC Baruth M Sui X Blair SN 《American journal of epidemiology》2011,173(3):337-344
The authors examined the prospective associations between marital status transitions and changes in fitness in men and women. Between 1987 and 2005, a total of 8,871 adults (6,900 men) aged 45.6 (standard deviation, 9.1) years were examined at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas; the median follow-up was ~3 years. Marital transition categories (from single to married, married to divorced, divorced to remarried) were derived from self-reported marital status at baseline and follow-up. Fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) was assessed by a maximal treadmill test. Analyses were adjusted for baseline levels and changes in body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and major chronic diseases. Compared with the corresponding "control" groups (remaining single, married, or divorced), transitioning from being single to married was associated with a reduction in fitness in women (P = 0.03); divorce was associated with an increase in fitness in men (P = 0.04); and remarriage was associated with a reduction in fitness in men (P = 0.05). The authors conclude that the transitions to being married (from single to married or from divorced to remarried) are associated with a modest reduction, while divorce is associated with a modest increase in fitness levels in men. Study results suggest that these patterns may be different in women, but further research is required to confirm this. 相似文献
4.
Bertrand L Thérien F Cloutier MS 《Canadian journal of public health. Revue canadienne de santé publique》2008,99(1):6-11
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate disparities in access to healthy food in Montreal, focusing on the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables (F/V) as an indicator. METHOD: F/V selling area was measured in all food retail stores and public markets offering more than 75 square feet of fresh fruits and vegetables. An accessibility index was elaborated, taking into account motorization rates and the total surface of these fresh foods for sale within an easily accessible zone. The extent of that zone was determined differently for motorized (3 km) and non-motorized (500 m) consumers. Measures were calculated and georeferenced at the level of "Dissemination Areas" according to the 2001 Census. RESULTS: In general, access to healthy foods is quite good for consumers who shop by car. But 40% of the population have poor access to fruits and vegetables within a walkable distance from home. No relationship is observed between median income in dissemination areas and food supply. CONCLUSION: Improved access to healthy food by non-motorized consumers is needed in many areas of Montreal. Implications of differential access to fresh fruits and vegetables for health and environmental sustainability are discussed. 相似文献
5.
6.
Hunt K 《Social science & medicine (1982)》2002,54(5):663-676
There have been a number of critiques in the last few years of the prevailing paradigm of research on gender and health, which dominated in the latter part of the 20th century. One such criticism has centred on the a historic and decontextualised way in which much evidence for gender differences has been used. In this paper we aim to show that, even within a relatively confined geographical locale over a relatively short period of time, there have been substantial changes in gender relations which are likely to have affected the experience, opportunities, and attitudes of women born in the early 1930s and early 1950s. We illustrate this using data from a study of inequalities in health in Scotland, which includes unusually rich longitudinal data on gender, including occupancy and experience of gender-related roles, attitudinal data on gender equality, and measures of gender role orientation (GRO). These are related to various dimensions of health and health behaviour. The data show substantial differences in the experiences of two generations of women, who are just 20 years apart in age, and a lack of consistency between measures of GRO and health. Whilst on the one hand these data suggest the importance of taking more account of the broader (social, historical or political) context, the analysis also highlights the methodological problems posed. 相似文献
7.
8.
PeterFurst 《中华临床营养杂志》2000,8(1):49-50
From the emergence of the genus “homo” over 2 million years age,until the agricultrural revolution of roughly 10. 000 years age our ancestors were hunter-gatherers, so the adaptive pressures inherent in that environmental niche have exerted defining influence on human genetic make up. The portion of our genome that determines basic anatomy and physiology has remained relatively unchanged over the past 40. 000 years. 相似文献
9.
10.
Salazar X Cáceres C Rosasco A Kegeles S Maiorana A Gárate M Coates T 《Culture, health & sexuality》2005,7(4):375-387
Young people constitute a priority for sexual health research, policy and planning. Many studies, however, regard youth as a homogeneous group defined by developmental stages and their problems as inherent rather than factors resulting from structural vulnerability. Ethnographic data from this study provided strong evidence of the inappropriateness, in prevention interventions, of the concept of 'young people' as a group defined only by age and gender. When incorporating social resources and support into the analysis, specific segments of youth with diverse sexual practices and health seeking behaviours emerge. Thus, although most young people in urban areas show a similar level of HIV/STI knowledge, their exposure to risk varies according to their living conditions. Two population segments - "street guys" and "fast girls" - identified as vulnerable for sexual risk, are characterized. Both groups hang out on the streets, and most are involved in using alcohol and drugs, and/or practicing transactional sex. This study provided evidence for the need of various approaches according to level of poverty and social vulnerability in order to develop more effective HIV/AIDS and STI prevention programs to meet the needs of young men and women in low-income areas. 相似文献
11.
Background
Over the last decade, significant downward linear time trends in suicide mortality were observed in most Western countries. To date, it is not established whether those favourable time trends developed homogeneously for sex and age groups and how they were affected by the number of undetermined deaths. 相似文献12.
13.
14.
As the volume of health aid to developing countries increases and allocations shift toward specific disease burdens, issues of allocation efficiency become more important to the achievement of better health outcomes. This paper examines (1) whether health aid--traditional and innovative--corresponds to recipients' needs and priorities and (2) how the terms of aid affect its efficiency. We find that there is considerable scope for improvement through consolidation, improvement of terms, and increased attention to the efficient allocation of the marginal dollar of aid. 相似文献
15.
C Dye K L?nnroth E Jaramillo BG Williams M Raviglione 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2009,87(9):683-691
Objective
To determine whether differences in national trends in tuberculosis incidence are attributable to the variable success of control programmes or to biological, social and economic factors.Methods
We used trends in case notifications as a measure of trends in incidence in 134 countries, from 1997 to 2006, and used regression analysis to explore the associations between these trends and 32 measures covering various aspects of development (1), the economy (6), the population (3), behavioural and biological risk factors (9), health services (6) and tuberculosis (TB) control (7).Findings
The TB incidence rate changed annually within a range of ±10% over the study period in the 134 countries examined, and its average value declined in 93 countries. The rate was declining more quickly in countries that had a higher human development index, lower child mortality and access to improved sanitation. General development measures were also dominant explanatory variables within regions, though correlation with TB incidence trends varied geographically. The TB incidence rate was falling more quickly in countries with greater health expenditure (situated in central and eastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean), high-income countries with lower immigration, and countries with lower child mortality and HIV infection rates (located in Latin America and the Caribbean). The intensity of TB control varied widely, and a possible causal link with TB incidence was found only in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the rate of detection of smear-positive cases showed a negative correlation with national incidence trends.Conclusion
Although TB control programmes have averted millions of deaths, their effects on transmission and incidence rates are not yet widely detectable. 相似文献16.
Objective To explore the role of TGF-βand TGIF in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Methods The expression of TGF-β and TGIF was detected by immunohistochemistry method in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of 30 cases with endometriosis (ec-topic endometrium group and eutopic endometrium group) and in the normal endometrium of 40 cases without endometriosis (control group). Result The expression of TGF -β in ectopic endometrium group was significantly higher than that in eutopic endometrium group and control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of TGF- βbetween eutopic endometrium group and control group(P > 0.05). The expression of TGIF in ectopic endometrium group was significantly lower than that in eutopic endometrium group and control group( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of TGIF between eutopic endometrium group and control group(P > 0.05). There were negative correlation between the expressions of TGF - β and TGIF in ectopic endometrium group and eutopic endome-trium group(rs= - 0.769, - 0.549, P < 0.05). Conclusion The abnormal expression of TGF-β and TGIF in ectopic endometrium of pa-tients with endometriosis may be associated with the genesis and progression of endometriosis. 相似文献
17.
Rosenbaum JE 《Journal of public health policy》2012,33(1):46-58
The 2011 attempted assassination of a US representative renewed the national gun control debate. Gun advocates claim mass-casualty events are mitigated and deterred with three policies: (a) permissive gun laws, (b) widespread gun ownership, (c) and encouragement of armed civilians who can intercept shooters. They cite Switzerland and Israel as exemplars. We evaluate these claims with analysis of International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS) data and translation of laws and original source material. Swiss and Israeli laws limit firearm ownership and require permit renewal one to four times annually. ICVS analysis finds the United States has more firearms per capita and per household than either country. Switzerland and Israel curtail off-duty soldiers' firearm access to prevent firearm deaths. Suicide among soldiers decreased by 40 per cent after the Israeli army's 2006 reforms. Compared with the United States, Switzerland and Israel have lower gun ownership and stricter gun laws, and their policies discourage personal gun ownership. 相似文献
18.
J. E. Botero M. W. Meyer S. S. Hurley D. H. Rusch 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》1996,31(2):225-231
We compared the seasonal concentrations of 12 organochlorine (OC) compounds in samples of breast muscle, associated skin, and subcutaneous fat of blue-winged teal (Anas discors) collected in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (1987–1988), and of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teal collected in Wisconsin (1984–1989). Although these species have similar feeding habits and overlapping breeding distributions, their winter ranges differ markedly. Most blue-winged teal winter in the Neotropics, whereas most mallards remain in the temperate regions of North America. A seasonal comparison of OC exposure in these species may help determine the geographic origins of contamination. All examined OCs were found to be below concentrations known to affect reproduction in waterfowl. DDE was most often detected in blue-winged teal and PCBs, in mallards. DDE exposure may have predominantly occurred outside of Wisconsin. The DDE concentration in blue-winged teal samples collected in Wisconsin in the spring (GM=0.406 g/g) were greater (P<0.001) than in the fall (GM=0.033 g/g) and greater than the concentrations in mallard samples from the spring (GM=0.058 g/g; P<0.001). Ciénaga Grande, however, was not a source of DDE contamination. The DDE concentrations in blue-winged teal samples from Ciénaga Grande did not differ between the spring (GM=0.037 g/g) and the fall (GM=0.039 g/g) and were lower (P<0.001) than the concentration in blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin in the spring. In contrast, PCB contamination seemed to have occurred in Wisconsin and affected mostly mallards. PCBs were not detected in the samples from Colombia and were detected in only five (8.3%) of the blue-winged teal samples from Wisconsin (GM=0.025 g/g), however, those compounds were detected in 47% of the mallard samples collected in Wisconsin (GM=0.272 g/g). DDE and PCB concentrations were greater (P=0.0) in mallard samples collected from wetlands adjacent to Lake Michigan than in samples from inland wetlands. 相似文献
19.
Surkan PJ Ryan LM Carvalho Vieira LM Berkman LF Peterson KE 《Social science & medicine (1982)》2007,64(2):375-388
Prevalence of child undernutrition remains high in many developing countries. In settings with scarce resources, modifiable maternal social conditions may influence feeding and parenting practices, in turn affecting child growth. This study aims to quantify the association between maternal social support and depression to children's physical growth outcomes in Teresina, Piauí, northeast Brazil. Interviews were conducted with a random sample of 595 mothers of children 6-24 months old in four low-income sections of Teresina, Piauí. We collected data on sociodemographic factors, mothers' social support, mothers' depressive symptomatology, and child's weight and recumbent length. Weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ), height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) were calculated using the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Center SAS program based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control reference growth curves. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the association between maternal social support and depression to child growth, adjusting for biological and socio-demographic variables. Interviewer and neighborhood variation was accounted for through the inclusion of random effects. In adjusted models, material support, measured by number of friends or family members available to mothers when needing food or milk, was related to 0.3 higher average WHZ and 0.2 higher average WAZ in their children. Maternal positive social interaction, which reflects engagement in leisure-time activities with others, was associated with 0.3 higher average WHZ. Mothers' affectionate support was related to 0.2 higher average children's WHZ and WAZ, whereas social support for resolving a conflict was associated with 0.2 lower average HAZ. Maternal depression was not associated with child growth. It is concluded that inadequate growth in children may be sensitive to maternal social support. 相似文献
20.
AIM: The present study was aimed at investigating the role of literacy and generation in the self-reported general health status of Moroccan Berber speaking women in the Netherlands. METHOD: Fifty women in our sample (N = 75) were first generation women, from which group 25 were literates and 25 illiterates. Another group of 25 literate women belonged to the second generation. The three groups were matched for demographic characteristics. Questionnaires were administered reflecting all concepts under study. We hypothesized that, within the first generation, illiterates compared with literates would report worse health. Our second hypothesis was that literates of the first generation compared with those of the second generation would have a similar health condition. RESULTS: After controlling for age, having a job, and having an employed partner, the first generation literates compared with the illiterates of the first generation indeed reported significantly better health. Additionally, we did not find any differences in health condition between both literate groups, even after controlling for age, number of children, and marital status. Health complaints that were most frequently reported by both groups, concerned pain in shoulders, back and head. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline the importance of offering immigrants optimal access to opportunities and facilities that can improve their literacy and reading ability. 相似文献