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1.
Francis Vergunst Crispin Jenkinson Tom Burns Paul Anand Alastair Gray Jorun Rugkåsa Judit Simon 《Health and quality of life outcomes》2017,15(1):250
Background
Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are widely used in mental healthcare research for quality of life assessment but most fail to capture the breadth of health and non-health domains that can be impacted. We report the psychometric validation of a novel, multi-dimensional instrument based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach intended for use as an outcome measure in mental health research.Methods
The Oxford Capabilities Questionnaire for Mental Health (OxCAP-MH) is a 16-item self-complete capability measure that covers multiple domains of functioning and welfare. Data for validation of the instrument were collected through a national randomised controlled trial of community treatment orders for patients with psychosis. Complete OxCAP-MH data were available for 172 participants. Internal consistency was established with Cronbach’s alpha; an interclass correlation coefficient was used to assess test-retest reliability in a sub-sample (N?=?50) tested one week apart. Construct validity was established by comparing OxCAP-MH total scores with established instruments of illness severity and functioning: EuroQol (EQ-5D), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Objective Social Outcomes Index (SIX). Sensitivity was established by calculating standard error of measurement using distributional methods.Results
The OxCAP-MH showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.79) and test-retest reliability (ICC?=?0.86). Convergent validity was evidenced by strong correlations with the EQ-5D (VAS 0.52, p?<?.001) (Utility 0.45, p?<?.001), and divergent validity through more modest associations with the BPRS (?0.41, p?<?.001), GAF (0.24, p?<?.001) and SIX (0.12, p?=?ns). A change of 9.2 points on a 0–100 scale was found to be meaningful on statistical grounds.Conclusions
The OxCAP-MH has demonstrable reliability and construct validity and represents a promising multi-dimensional alternative to existing patient-reported outcome measures for quality of life used in mental health research.2.
S. Benjamin Doty Emily E. Haroz Namrita S. Singh Sergiy Bogdanov Judith K. Bass Laura K. Murray Karis L. Callaway Paul A. Bolton 《Conflict and health》2018,12(1):34
Background
In Ukraine, a large number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and veterans experience social and psychological problems as a result of the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Our purpose was to develop reliable and valid instruments to screen for common mental health and alcohol use problems in these populations.Methods
We used a three-step process of instrument adaptation and testing. The instrument—the Mental Health Assessment Inventory (MHAI)—combines adapted standard screeners with items derived locally in Ukraine. A validity study was conducted using a sample of 153 adults (54% male) ages 18 years and older. All participants in the sample were IDPs or veterans living in or near the major urban areas of Kyiv and Zaporizhia. Reliability testing (internal consistency, test-retest) and validity testing (construct, criterion) of the MHAI were conducted using classical test theory. After initial testing, we used Item Response Theory (IRT) to shorten and further refine the instrument.Results
The MHAI showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability for the main outcomes: depression (α?=?0.94; r?=?.84), post-traumatic stress (PTS; α?=?0.97; r?=?0.87), anxiety (α?=?0.90; r?=?0.80), and alcohol use (α?=?0.86; r?=?0.91). There was good evidence of convergent construct validity among the scales for depression, PTS, and anxiety, but not for alcohol use. Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis supported use of shortened versions of the scales for depression, PTS, and anxiety, as they retained comparable psychometric properties to the full scales of the MHAI.Conclusion
The findings support the reliability and validity of the assessment—the MHAI—for screening of common mental health problems among Ukrainian IDPs and veterans. Use of IRT shortened the instrument to improve practicality and potential sustainability.3.
Carlos K. H. Wong Edmond P. H. Choi James H. L. Tsu Brian S. H. Ho Ada T. L. Ng W. Y. Chin M. K. Yiu 《Quality of life research》2015,24(10):2397-2402
Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess the validity, reliability and sensitivity of the FACT-P (version 4) in Chinese males with prostate cancer.Methods
Construct validity was assessed using Spearman’s correlation test against the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient, respectively. Sensitivity was determined by performing known-group comparisons by independent t test.Results
FACT-P subscale scores had a moderate correlation with the corresponding SF-12v2 domain score that conceptually measures the similar construct providing evidence for adequate construct validity. Internal consistency was acceptable (α: 0.687–0.900) for all subscales aside from the Prostate Cancer Subscale (α: 0.505) and Trial Outcome Index (α: 0.562). FACT-P subscale and total scores showed good test–retest reliability (range 0.753–0.913). All total scales and most of the subscales were sensitive in detecting differences between patients with different levels of functional impairment but not different cancer stages or levels of prostate-specific antigen.Conclusions
The measure is a valid and reliable measure to assess the health-related quality of life of Chinese males with prostate cancer. The FACT-P is sensitive to detect difference between patients with varying functional status.4.
Mary K. Horan Jean M. Donnelly Ciara A. McGowan Eileen R. Gibney Fionnuala M. McAuliffe 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2016,24(5):427-436
Aim
To examine the association between maternal nutrition and lifestyle factors and offspring adiposity, using baseline and 2-year postpartum follow-up data from a randomised control trial of low glycaemic index diet.Subject and methods
Food diaries and lifestyle questionnaires were completed during pregnancy and infant feeding and maternal lifestyle questionnaires 2 years postpartum for 281 mother and infant pairs from the ROLO study. Maternal anthropometry was measured throughout pregnancy and infant and maternal anthropometry was measured 2 years postpartum.Results
Maternal 2 year postpartum body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with offspring BMI-for-age z-score (B?=?0.105, p?=?0.015). Trimester 2 saturated fat intake was positively associated with offspring subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio (B?=?0.018, p?=?0.001). Trimester 1 glycaemic index was also positively associated with offspring sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds (B?=?0.009, p?=?0.029).Conclusions
Maternal BMI 2 years postpartum was positively associated with offspring BMI. Pregnancy saturated fat intake was positively and polyunsaturated fat negatively associated with offspring adiposity. While further research is necessary, pregnancy and the postpartum period may be early opportunities to combat childhood obesity.5.
6.
Julitta S. Boschman Karen Nieuwenhuijsen Judith K. Sluiter 《Quality of life research》2018,27(2):437-446
Purpose
To research within-person fluctuations in occupational health, work ability and wellbeing, we need new measurement strategies. We studied absolute agreement for weekly measurements of task-specific work ability and relationships between wellbeing, work demands and personal factors and task-specific work ability over time.Methods
Forty-eight Dutch academic researchers answered questions during 12 consecutive weeks. Physical and mental work demands, indicators of wellbeing and task-specific work ability in each week were measured. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement between task-specific work ability measures were calculated. For application in individual workers, an ICC?>?0.90 was regarded as suitable. Multilevel models were used to relate both time-invariant and time-varying predictors to task-specific work ability.Results
Multiple measurements increased the reliability. Absolute agreement, however, did not reach the optimal level, except for the task ‘ability to conduct data analyses’ which had an ICC value of 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.98). Individuals’ leisure time physical activity (p?=?0.03) and relational (p?=?0.02) and social (p?=?0.02) wellbeing were related to their average task-specific work ability. Weekly physical demands (p?=?0.01) and personal (p?=?0.04) and general wellbeing (p?=?0.03) were related to weekly fluctuations in work ability.Conclusions
We demonstrated intra-individual variability in repeated assessments of task-specific work ability, pointing to the need for multiple measurements when characterizing work ability. The finding that some time-invariant and time-varying predictors can be related to the estimate of aspects of task-specific work ability and its fluctuations is helpful in understanding the dynamics of this concept.7.
Byeongsang Oh Kyung Ju Lee Chris Zaslawski Albert Yeung David Rosenthal Linda Larkey Michael Back 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2017,22(1):71
Background
Numerous studies have reported that spending time in nature is associated with the improvement of various health outcomes and well-being. This review evaluated the physical and psychological benefits of a specific type of exposure to nature, forest therapy.Method
A literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, and ProQuest databases and manual searches from inception up to December 2016. Key words: “Forest” or “Shinrin -Yoku” or “Forest bath” AND “Health” or “Wellbeing”. The methodological quality of each randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool.Results
Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 79 years. Sample size ranged from 18 to 99. Populations studied varied from young healthy university students to elderly people with chronic disease. Studies reported the positive impact of forest therapy on hypertension (n?=?2), cardiac and pulmonary function (n?=?1), immune function (n?=?2), inflammation (n?=?3), oxidative stress (n?=?1), stress (n?=?1), stress hormone (n?=?1), anxiety (n?=?1), depression (n?=?2), and emotional response (n?=?3). The quality of all studies included in this review had a high ROB.Conclusion
Forest therapy may play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. However, the lack of high-quality studies limits the strength of results, rendering the evidence insufficient to establish clinical practice guidelines for its use. More robust RCTs are warranted.8.
Xuefei Zhao Hongjun Dong Jienan Zhang Yawei Sun Manhong Yao Guoliang Zhu Guozhang Xu 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2016,24(3):231-236
Aim
This study aims to assess iodine nutritional status and investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents in Ningbo city, China.Subject and methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ningbo, China, in 2011. Salt iodine, urine iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid nodules (by ultrasonography) were measured in 329 participants aged 6–17 years.Results
The median UIC of all participants was 167.23 μg/L. No significant differences in UICs were observed between boys and girls (Z?=??1.06, P?=?0.29), children and adolescents (Z?=??1.88, P?=?0.06), iodized salt users and noniodized salt users (Z?=??0.10, P?=?0.92). A total of 114 nodules with maximum diameters between 1.5 and 12 mm were found among 51 (15.50 %) participants, the prevalence of thyroid nodules between children and adolescents has no significant difference (χ 2?=?0.29, P?=?0.59), and there were no significant differences in age (t?=?1.56, P?=?0.12), gender (χ 2?=?0.13, P?=?0.72), type of salt (χ 2?=?0.14, P?=?0.71), family history of thyroid diseases (P?=?0.46, Fisher’s exact test) and UICs (Z?=??1.12, P?=?0.26) between the participants with thyroid nodules and those without.Conclusion
The iodine nutrition was adequate in children and adolescents in Ningbo city, but the prevalence of thyroid nodules among children and adolescents was high.9.
Chung Gun Lee Susan E Middlestadt Dong-Chul Seo Hsien-Chang Lin Jonathan T Macy Seiyeong Park 《Archives of Public Health》2018,76(1):66
Background
As previous studies suggest that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is open to the inclusion of further predictors, identifying a number of additional background variables within the context of the TPB may help improve the predictive power of the theory. The purpose of this study is to incorporate environmental variables as precursor background variables of the TPB to predict quitting-related intentions.Methods
This study consists of two sub-studies. Sub-study 1 and 2 analyzed different data sets and were conducted using the similar methodology for the comparison. A total of 395 Texas adult smokers (sub-study 1) and 379 university student smokers (sub-study 2) were analyzed using multiple structural equation modeling.Results
The extent of agreement with regulating smoking in public places had positive indirect effects on intention to quit through subjective norm among both Texas adult smokers (β?=?0.03, p?<?.01) and university students (β?=?0.01, p?<?.05), and through attitude among Texas adult smokers only (β?=?0.02, p?<?.01). The number of smokers among 5 closest friends had negative indirect effect on intention to take measures to quit through subjective norm among Texas adult smokers (β?=???0.02, p?<?.05).Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that environmental variables need to be considered as precursor background variables of the TPB to predict quitting-related intentions.10.
Dana Zelnik Yovel Orna Tal Dror Dicker Avishay Elis Micha Rapoport 《Israel journal of health policy research》2018,7(1):73
Background
Professional skills and academic records of the highest degree are essential requirements for the chairmanship of internal medicine departments. Whether the new generation and future successors of Israeli chairmen is endowed with these attributes is not known.Purpose
To determine whether there is a lack of future suitable successors for the current heads of internal medicine departments in Israel and to compare the demographic, academic and professional characteristics of the older and newer generations of department heads.Methods
An online anonymous questionnaire was nationally distributed during 2016 to all active heads of internal medicine departments in Israel (n?=?101). First round was followed by two runs of personal phone calls to promote participation.Results
Sixty-seven (67%) of chairmen responded. The vast majority of current chairs of internal medicine departments are males (N?=?59, 88%) over 50 years of age (N?=?58, 86%) with established academic background with lecturer degree or higher (N?=?57, 85%).Only 19 (28%) of current heads assigned a future successor. Comparison of chairmen who did and did not assigned successors demonstrated that assignment of successors was associated with higher academic status (P?<?0.02) and longer chairmanship (p?<?0.01) but not with mean age of current chairmen (p?<?0.08). Nevertheless, most assignments (55%) were done by chairmen in the 61 to 67 years age group. As compared to current chairmen, the designated successors have lesser academic status (p?<?0.01) and are characterized by a higher female prevalence (P?<?0.03).Conclusions
Significant demographic, professional and academic differences exist between the current chairs of internal medicine departments in Israeli hospitals and their future successors. This underscores the need for reassessment of the availability and requirements of this crucial position.11.
Yehia Z. Alami Beesan T. Ghanim Sa’ed H. Zyoud 《Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)》2018,13(1):21
Background
Resident doctors are continuously exposed to prolonged working hours and night shifts, making them susceptible to the many physical, psychological, and cognitive side effects of sleep deprivation, which may affect their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of sleep penury in resident doctors and to assess the association between self-apprehended sleepiness and quality of life.Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the governmental hospitals in the North of the West Bank between May 2017 and September 2017. Doctors enrolled in residency programmes completed questionnaires about general, sociodemographic, and sleep characteristics. The doctors completed the Arabic Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ArESS) to assess subjective daytime sleepiness and the RAND 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) to determine quality of life.Results
A total of 101 participants were enrolled. Daytime sleepiness was observed in 37.6% (n?=?38) of the participants with an ESS score of ≥10. There was a notable negative correlation between the ESS and quality of health index in the physical composition (r?=???0.351, p?<?0.001) demonstrated in the following four subscales: the physical functioning (p?<?0.001), role limitations due to physical health (p?=?0.045), body pain (p?=?0.036), and general health (p?<?0.001) components of the SF-36 scale. Females and residents of the centre region had poorer mental quality (p?=?0.006 and 0.020, respectively).Conclusions
More than one third of the resident doctors suffer from daytime sleepiness according to the ESS. This was proven to significantly affect several aspects of their quality of life, including physical function and health, body pain, and general health. Sleep deprivation and improvement of quality of life require health promotion actions among medical residents.12.
Rosanne op den Kelder Judith B. M. Ensink Geertjan Overbeek Marija Maric Ramón J. L. Lindauer 《Quality of life research》2017,26(7):1687-1696
Purpose
In this study, we examined whether there is a mediating role of executive function (EF) in the relationship between trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress in youth.Methods
Children and adolescents exposed to trauma were recruited at an academic center for child psychiatry in The Netherlands. The total sample consisted of 119 children from 9 to 17 years old (M?=?13.65, SD?=?2.45). Based on retrospective life event information, the sample was divided into three groups: a single trauma group (n?=?41), a complex trauma group (n?=?38), and a control group that was not exposed to traumatic events (n?=?40).Results
Our findings revealed that youth exposed to complex trauma had more deficits in EF compared to youth in the single trauma and control groups. EF was found to partly mediate posttraumatic stress symptoms for youth exposed to complex trauma, but not for youth exposed to single trauma. Youth exposed to complex trauma showed more deficits in EF, which was in turn associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms.Conclusions
Our findings provide partial support for the role of EF in mediating posttraumatic stress outcomes for youth exposed to complex trauma. This points to the important role of EF in the etiology and treatment of complexly traumatized youth.13.
Purpose
In surveys and in research, proxies such as family members may be used to assess patient health-related quality of life. The aim of this research is to help cancer researchers select a validated health-related quality of life tool if they anticipate using proxy-reported data.Methods
Systematic review and methodological appraisal of studies examining the concordance of paired adult cancer patient and proxy responses for multidimensional, validated HRQOL tools. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and perused bibliographies of reviewed papers. We reviewed concordance assessment methods, results, and associated factors for each validated tool.Results
A total of 32 papers reporting on 29 study populations were included. Most papers were cross-sectional (N?=?20) and used disease-specific tools (N?=?19), primarily the FACT and EORTC. Patient and proxy mean scores were similar on average for tools and scales, with most mean differences <10 points but large standard deviations. Average ICCs for the FACT and EORTC ranged from 0.35 to 0.62, depending on the scale. Few papers (N?=?15) evaluated factors associated with concordance, and results and measurement approaches were inconsistent. The EORTC was the most commonly evaluated disease-specific tool (N?=?5 papers). For generic tools, both concordance and associated factor information was most commonly available for the COOP/WONCA (N?=?3 papers). The MQOL was the most frequently evaluated end-of-life tool (N?=?3 papers).Conclusions
Proxy and patient scores are similar on average, but there is large, clinically important residual variability. The evidence base is strongest for the EORTC (disease-specific tools), COOP/WONCA (generic tools), and MQOL (end-of-life-specific tools).14.
Hangchuan Shi Han Yu Joaquim Bellmunt Jeffrey J. Leow Xuanyu Chen Changcheng Guo Hongmei Yang Xiaoping Zhang 《Quality of life research》2018,27(11):2759-2775
Purpose
The question of whether orthotopic neobladder (ONB) reconstruction is superior to ileal conduit diversion (ICD) with respect to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains controversial. The goal of this study is to perform a meta-analysis to compare post-ICD and post-ONB HRQoL in patients with bladder cancer.Methods
A systematic search of Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the annual congress abstracts of the European Association of Urology (EAU), the American Urological Association (AUA) and the Société Internationale d’Urologie (SIU) up to June 2017 was conducted to identify all relevant clinical trials using validated questionnaires to assess HRQoL. A systematic review and meta-analysis were then performed.Results
A total of 2507 patients from 26 eligible studies were included. Meta-analyses showed significant differences favouring ONB patients in global health status (WMD?+?9.13, p?=?0.004), physical functioning (WMD?+?11.57, p?=?0.0001), role functioning (WMD?+?9.64, p?=?0.002), and social functioning (WMD?+?6.81, p?=?0.03) based on the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire and in the total score of FACT questionnaire (WMD?+?6.80, p?=?0.001). However, ONB patients were more likely to have postoperative urinary symptoms than ICD patients (WMD ??22.19, p?=?0.0001).Conclusions
ONB patients are more likely to have a better global health status than ICD patients. Regardless of the type of urinary diversion (UD) surgery, a gradual improvement in HRQoL over preoperative status tended to stabilise after 12 months postoperatively.15.
Background
The evolving concept of peace-building and the interplay between peace and health is examined in many venues, including at the World Health Assembly. However, without a metric to determine effectiveness of intervention programs all efforts are prone to subjective assessment. This paper develops a psychometric index that lays the foundation for measuring community peace stemming from intervention programs.Methods
After developing a working definition of ‘peace’ and delineating a Peace Evaluation Across Cultures and Environments (PEACE) scale with seven constructs comprised of 71 items, a beta version of the index was pilot-tested. Two hundred and fifty subjects in three sites in the U.S. were studied using a five-point Likert scale to evaluate the psychometric functioning of the PEACE scale. Known groups validation was performed using the SOS-10. In addition, test-retest reliability was performed on 20 subjects.Results
The preliminary data demonstrated that the scale has acceptable psychometric properties for measuring an individual’s level of peacefulness. The study also provides reliability and validity data for the scale. The data demonstrated internal consistency, correlation between data and psychological well-being, and test-retest reliability.Conclusions
The PEACE scale may serve as a novel assessment tool in the health sector and be valuable in monitoring and evaluating the peace-building impact of health initiatives in conflict-affected regions.16.
Rasmon Kalayasiri Waranya Supcharoen Pichanan Ouiyanukoon 《Quality of life research》2018,27(4):905-912
Purpose
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is prevalent and could damage the health of non-smokers, especially that of pregnant women (PW) and postpartum women (PPW). Nevertheless, there is no study on the impact of SHS during pregnancy on the quality of life (QOL) of PW and PPW. The study’s purpose is to study the effects of exposure to SHS on the QOL of pregnant and postpartum women and health of the newborns.Methods
Self-reports and urine tests for cotinine were used to obtain data on SSH exposure in 296 women in the second trimester of pregnancy and 106 women in the postpartum period at the Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinic located in a university hospital. The WHOQOL-BREF-THAI and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to assess QOL and postpartum depression, respectively.Results
Of the participants, 88.2% of PW and 62.3% of PPW reported exposure to SHS during pregnancy. Of the PPW, 5.7% had postpartum depression. PW with good QOL were less likely to have family member who smoked (p?=?0.007) or to be exposed to SHS in public parks (p?=?0.037) or in the household or workplace (p?=?0.011). Likewise, PPW with good QOL in the psychological domain were less likely to be exposed to SHS during pregnancy, as shown in both verbal report (p?=?0.010) and objective measure of urine cotinine test (p?=?0.034). In addition, maternal exposure to SHS during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and other health problems in the newborns (p?<?0.05).Conclusions
Exposure to SHS during pregnancy is associated with a lower QOL and a poorer health condition in the newborns.17.
Waleed M. Sweileh 《Conflict and health》2018,12(1):43
Background
The Syrian conflict has created the worst humanitarian crisis of our time with approximately half of Syria’s pre-war population killed or forced to flee their homes. The current study aimed to analyze peer-reviewed literature published on Syrian refugees and displaced people.Methods
A bibliometric methodology was implemented using Scopus database after retrieving documents relevant to Syrian refugees and displaced people.Findings
In total, 323 documents were retrieved. Research articles constituted 71.2% (n?=?230) of the retrieved documents. The bulk (61.6%; n?=?199) of the retrieved documents were in health-related fields. Research domains of the retrieved health-related documents were mainly in the field of mental and psychosocial (17.3%; n?=?56), infectious diseases (15.2%; n?=?49), health policy and systems (16.4%; n?=?53), maternal and reproductive health (15.2%; n?=?49), and non-communicable diseases (NCD) (7.4%; n?=?24). Authors from research institutions in the United States produced the highest number of publications (24.5%; n?=?79), followed by Turkey (21.4%; n?=?69) and Lebanon (10.2%; n?=?33). The American University of Beirut was the most active (5.6%; n?=?18) research institution. Aside from Lebanon and Jordan, there was very little contribution from other Arab states. Conflict and Health was the most active journal (5.3%; n?=?17) in publishing on Syrian refugees and displaced people.Conclusion
The study highlighted some particular research gaps – most notably the limited research on NCDs. There was also modest international research collaboration and engagement from Arab countries aside from Lebanon and Jordan.18.
Léa Poggi Nelly Goutaudier Natalène Séjourné Henri Chabrol 《Maternal and child health journal》2018,22(5):772-778
Objectives
Given that prepartum psychiatric symptoms have been reported to be associated with postpartum disorders, focusing on the prepartum period appears of prime importance. The aim of the current study was threefold: (a) to identify the prevalence rates of women suffering from fear of childbirth (FOC) and tokophobia (b) to explore the association between FOC, obstetrical and psychopathological variables and (c) to identify the independent predictors of the intensity of FOC symptoms, FOC and tokophobia.Methods
at 36 weeks’ gestation, 98 women completed questionnaires assessing FOC, pretraumatic stress, fear of pain, depressive and anxiety symptomatology as well as perceived social support. Socio-demographic and gynecological data were also gathered.Results
22.45% of women reported a probable FOC and 20.41% suffered from a potential tokophobia. Epidural anesthesia (ß = 5.62, p?<?0.05), and the intensity of pretraumatic stress symptoms (ß= 0.69, p?<?0.05), were independently associated with the intensity of FOC symptoms. Planning a c-section was significantly related to FOC (β?=?0.09, p?=?0.03). Planning an epidural anesthesia was also an independent predictor of both FOC and tokophobia (β?=?1.33, p?=?0.03; β?=?1.26, p?=?0.04, respectively).Conclusions
Given the high rates of FOC and tokophobia highlighted, developing an appropriate preparation to childbirth is of great relevance. Longitudinal studies should be developed in order to provide an in-depth examination of the course of prepartum psychiatric disorders, maintenance of symptoms and their impact on subsequent infant development.19.
Background
Several meta-analyses have demonstrated that the rs662 polymorphism in Paraoxonase 1 gene (PON1) gene is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is still uncertain whether this polymorphism is associated with the plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and lipids. This meta-analysis is aimed to clarify the relationships between the rs662 polymorphism and plasma levels of Ox-LDL and lipids.Methods
By searching in PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI databases, 5 studies (1369 subjects) and 85 studies (46,740 subjects) were respectively identified for Ox-LDL association analysis and lipid association analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to estimate the effects of the rs662 polymorphism on plasma Ox-LDL and lipid levels.Results
The carriers of the variant R allele had higher levels of Ox-LDL (SMD?=?0.23, 95% CI?=?0.10–0.36, P?<? 0.01), triglyceride (TG) (SMD?=?0.06, 95% CI?=?0.01–0.11, P?=?0.02), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD?=?0.04, 95% CI?=?0.00–0.07, P?=?0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD?=?0.04, 95% CI?=?0.00–0.08, P?=?0.04) than the non-carriers.Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that the association between the PON1 rs662 polymorphism and CHD may partly be mediated by abnormal Ox-LDL and lipid levels caused by the R allele.20.
Waleed M. Sweileh 《Globalization and health》2018,14(1):105