恩必普软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的评价恩必普软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法入选106例病人,随机分为治疗组60例和对照组46例,2组病人治疗前的一般情况、神经功能缺损积分具有可比性。对照组给予脉络宁注射液20ml静滴,1次/d,疗程2周;治疗组在对照组基础上给予恩必普软胶囊0.2g,3次/d,口服,疗程2周。治疗结束时统计神经功能缺损积分。结果治疗组用药后神经功能缺损积分较用药前显著减少(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论恩必普软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死疗效满意,有应用价值。     

乐坦注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的评价乐坦注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法122例病人随机分为治疗组72例和对照组50例,2组病人治疗前的一般情况、神经功能缺损积分具有可比性。对照组给予低分子右旋糖酐500ml加胞二磷胆碱750mg静滴,疗程2周;治疗组在对照组基础上应用乐坦注射液100mg静滴,疗程2周,治疗结束时评定神经功能缺损积分。结果治疗组用药后神经功能缺损积分与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乐坦注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效满意,有应用价值。     

恩必普治疗大面积脑梗死临床观察

目的 观察恩必普治疗大面积脑梗死的临床疗效.方法 55例大面积脑梗死患者随机分为观察组33例和对照组22例,对照组应用常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用恩必普,14d一疗程,对2组患者在入院时及第14、28d各进行神经功能缺损程度评分及复查头颅CT,并同时进行疗效评定.结果 2组病人14、28d神经功能缺损程度评分均较治疗前明显好转(P<0.05),观察组总有效率90.91%优于对照组的72.73%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组脑梗死面积在治疗后缩小较对照组明显(P<0.01).结论 恩必普治疗大面积脑梗死能有效改善神经功能缺损且疗效显著,并能缩小脑梗死面积.     

灯银脑通胶囊治疗脑梗死后遗症疗效观察

目的评价灯银脑通胶囊治疗脑梗死后遗症的疗效。方法入选85例病人,随机分为治疗组44例,对照组41例,2组治疗前的一般情况、神经功能缺损积分具有可比性。对照组给予胞二磷胆碱注射液0.75g静滴,1次/d,疗程2周;治疗组在对照组基础上给予灯银脑通胶囊0.52g,3次/d,口服,疗程2周。治疗结束时评定神经功能缺损积分。结果治疗组用药后神经功能缺损积分较用药前减少显著(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论灯银脑通胶囊治疗脑梗死后遗症疗效满意,有应用价值。     

依达拉奉对急性脑梗死患者生活质量影响的观察

目的观察依达拉奉注射液对急性脑梗死患者生活质量的影响。方法入选92例,随机分为治疗组48例,对照组44例,2组病人治疗前的一般情况、神经功能缺损积分、SF-36评分具有可比性。对照组给予脉络宁注射液20ml,1次/d静滴,给予阿司匹林100mg,1次/d口服,疗程2周;治疗组在对照组基础上给予依达拉奉注射液30mg,2次/d,疗程2周。治疗结束时统计神经功能缺损积分,并进行SF-36测评。结果治疗组用药后神经功能缺损积分较用药前减少显著(P<0.05),SF-36评分与治疗前相比,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论依达拉奉注射液能明显改善患者的生活质量,有应用价值。     

丁苯酞治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床疗效及对血清NSE、S-100B蛋白的影响

目的观察丁苯酞软胶囊(NBP)治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效和对血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S-100B蛋白的影响。方法将收治的80例急性脑梗死病人随机分为对照组和治疗组,各40例。对照组给予银杏叶提取物注射液20mL静滴,1次/d;阿司匹林100mg口服,1次/d,疗程2周。治疗组在对照组的基础上给予NBP 200mg/次口服,3次/d,疗程2周。分别于治疗前、治疗后3d、7d、14d进行神经功能缺损评分及血清NSE、S-100B蛋白含量的测定。结果与对照组比较,治疗组在治疗后7d、14d神经功能缺损评分较对照组降低(P<0.01),治疗后3d、7d、14d血清NSE、S-100B蛋白含量明显下降(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞软胶囊可以保护神经细胞,改善急性脑梗死病人的神经功能。     

丁苯酞治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 评价国家Ⅰ类新药丁苯酞治疗急性脑梗死的疗效.方法 将100例急性脑梗死患者随机分丁苯酞治疗组50例和对照组50例.对照组给予银杏叶提取物注射液20ml静滴,1次/d;阿司匹林100mg口服,1次/d,疗程2周;治疗组在对照组基础上给予丁苯酞软胶囊口服0.2g/次,3次/d,疗程2周.治疗结束时进行临床疗效观察并评定治疗前后神经功能缺损评分的变化.结果 丁苯酞治疗组的治愈率、显效率及总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05),差异具有统计学意义.结论 丁苯酞治疗急性脑梗死有显著疗效,且用药安全.     

恩必普软胶囊治疗对急性脑梗死患者氧化应激水平炎性介质的影响及疗效观察

目的评价恩必普(NBP)对急性脑梗死(ACI)患者氧化应激水平、炎性介质及其临床疗效的影响。方法共82例ACI患者治疗14d,随机分为NBP组及对照组,对照组予常规治疗,NBP组在常规治疗基础上加用恩必普软胶囊,分别于治疗前后检测丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的水平及美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)。结果与对照组相比,NBP组的MDA、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均显著降低,而CAT活性显著升高,NIHSS评分明显改善(P0.01)。结论恩必普软胶囊可通过降低氧化应激、抗炎等机制治疗急性脑梗死。     

dl-3-正丁基苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死

目的:观察dl-3-正丁基苯酞(恩必普)软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择87例首次发作的急性脑梗死患者,治疗组40例、对照组47例。治疗组试验药dl-3-正丁基苯酞软胶囊,每次口服200mg,tid。对照组用药为复方丹参注射液,治疗组加用对照组用药。结果:治疗组与对照组治疗后第11和2l天的神经功能评分和生活能力评定差异有显著性。治疗组治疗前、后实验室数据无显著性差异。结论:dl-3-正丁基苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效明显,对肝和肾功能、血脂、血糖、EKG无明显影响,不良反应少,临床用药安全。     

益心酮软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死临床研究

目的探讨益心酮软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的效果。方法选择86例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予益心酮软胶囊治疗,疗程为4周。比较2组治疗前后的神经功能缺损评分和凝血指标。结果与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后神经功能缺损评分明显降低,抗凝血酶Ⅲ水平明显升高,纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平及血小板聚集率明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论益心酮软胶囊能够有效减轻急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损,改善患者体内凝血状态可能是其机制之一。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。