Google开展免费论文搜索业务

自今年1月起，Google公司将Google学术搜索（Google Scholar）扩展至中文学术文献领域。Google学术搜索是一项免费服务，可以帮助快速寻找学术资料，如专家评审文献、论文、书籍、预印本、摘要以及技术报告。作为此次扩展的一部分，Goog1e学术搜索在索引中涵盖了来自多方面的信息，     

互联网药学信息的Google搜索

目的：提高药师在互联网上的搜索信息的能力。方法：分析当前互联网药学信息资源和获取方法的分类。结果：通过找药实例，推荐以Google为代表的搜索引擎，并介绍使用技巧。实践证明,搜索引擎是快速、有效获取网上药学信息的重要工具。结论：要重视数据库资源，要吃透搜索引擎的技巧,要注意专业资源的积累。     

百度和Google疾病预测有不同

<正>目前可供个人使用的大数据工具主要有两类,一类是来自医学监测机构的大数据,类似中国的疾控中心,美国的Carolinas Health Care,日本京都大学荒牧研究所等,以来自就诊患者统计为主,辅以大数据分析手段,以显示某地区目前流行病的发病情况为主,预测疾病流行走向为辅;另一类则来自搜索引擎和数据分析机构,包括Google Trends的疾病预测,百度预测的疾病预测,以及基于社交搜索的sickwether、patientslikeme和融合性的Healthmap等,以预测疾病流行走向为主,展示区域发病情况为辅。     

Google眼镜在沪首次试水脊柱外科手术

<正>9月16日上午,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院骨科梁裕教授应用Google眼镜完成颈椎前路手术的术中摄录和转播,获得成功。这也是Google眼镜这穿戴式数码装置在国内首次应用于脊柱外科手术。据介绍,在40分钟的手术过程中,从切口显露、椎间盘切除减压,以及椎间隙准备到内固定融合,手术的全过程都通过Google眼镜以主刀医生的第一视角清晰地传输到各     

ering and ApplicationsComputer Engineering and ApplicationsCo

椎-基动脉供血不足(vertebrobasifarinsufficiency,V BI)是指椎-基动脉由于各种原因引起的形态、机能的异常,产生相应灌流区供血不足,引起眩晕、头晕、复视、共济失调、偏瘫、视力及视野改变等临床症状,而眩晕、头晕为其主要症状。我们采用盐酸倍司汀联用参麦注射液治疗椎-基动     

Golimumab and immunogenicity? 2010 and beyond

Immunogenicity is a frequent adverse event observed with biological agents' therapy. Challenges of management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with golimumab, an anti-TNF-alpha blocker, include limited generation of antibodies like anti-nuclear, anti-golimumab, and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies. We conducted here a meta-analysis study in order to evaluate and compare the newly generated antibody levels after golimumab therapy. The examination of original clinical trials revealed that their levels were neither higher nor significant. Moreover, no evident associations between the induced-antibodies and lupus-like syndromes and/or infusion site reaction were reported. The reduced patients cohort and the absence of systematic newly generated antibodies follow-up might be implicated in the difficulty to evaluate their risk in delaying diseases therapy, and/or predicting for their worse prognosis. Hence, further studies are required to ascertain the real impact of the induced antibodies after golimumab's therapy.     

Biomolecular structure and dynamics—experiment and theory

Biological macromolecules are complex systems and in order to understand their inner workings we need information from many sources. In this review we present some of the underlying principles for current methods of choice for structural and dynamical studies of biological macromolecules. Interplay between these disciplines—X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and theoretical calculations—has been extremely fruitful and our knowledge in this area of bioscience is rapidly increasing due to this cross-fertilization. While structural aspects of proteins are increasingly well studied and understood we do however still need to put more emphasis on their dynamical properties.     

Toxicology and Genetic Susceptibility of Drugs and Pollutant

S21Possibleinvolvementofhereditaryfactors intheriskmodulationofarseniasisintwoethnic clansexposedtoindoorcombustionofhigharse niccoal LINGuo Fang1,DUHui2,CHENJi Gang3,LU Hong Chao2,GUOWei Chao1,ZHANGXin Jiang4,SHENJian Hua1(1.ShanghaiInstituteforBiologicalSciences,Institute ofPlantPhysiologyandEcology,ChineseAcademyof Sciences,Shanghai200032,China;2.Prefecture CenterforDiseasePreventionandControl,Guiyang562400,China;3.MunicipalCenterforDiseasePre ventionandControl,Shang…     

Immunotoxicity and Neurotoxicity of Pharmaceuticals and Environmental Toxic Substances

W31ICHS8Guideline:immunotoxicitystud iesforhumanpharmaceuticals JSAWADA(NationalInstituteofHealthSciences,Tokyo,Japan)Toxicitytotheimmunesystemencompassessup pressionorenhancementoftheimmuneresponse.Sup pressionoftheimmuneresponsecanleadtodecreased hostresistancetoinfectiousagentsortumorcells.En hancingtheimmuneresponsecanexaggerateautoim munediseasesorhypersensitivity.Therfore,evaluationofpotentialadverseeffectsofhumanpharmaceuticals ontheimmunesystemshouldbeincorporatedinto standardd…     

The ethics and practice of authorship and peer review

Ｏｎｃｅａｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｔｒｉａｌｉｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄ，ｉｔｍｕｓｔｂｅｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｆｏｒｏｔｈｅｒｓｔｏｋｎｏｗｏｆｉｔｓｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ．Ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｓｏｕｒｃｅ，ｐｅｒｒｅｖｉｅｗｅｄｍｅｄｉｃａｌｊｏｕｒｎａｌｓａｒ...     

Toxicogenomics and Proteomics

W1:ToxicogenomicsandProteomics W11Differentialgeneexpressionprofilesofacuteandchronicinjuryandrecoveryinratliv ersteatosis fibrosis/cirrhosismodel HeekyoungCHUNG(KST)W12SNPsinCYP450s:apreliminaryphar macogenomicstudyinaChinesepopulation WENSi Yuan1,CHENKun2,XULi1,LIJian2,WANGRui2,WANGSheng Qi1(1.BeijingInstituteofRadiationMedicine,2.Beijing301GeneralHospital,Beijing100039,China)Pharmacogenomicswasestablishedonthefactthat certaingeneticpolymorphismsmaycausesignificantly di…     

Acid–base equilibria and solubility of loratadine and desloratadine in water and micellar media

Acid–base equilibria in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems of two antihistaminics, loratadine and desloratadine were studied spectrophotometrically in Britton–Robinson’s buffer at 25 °C. Acidity constant of loratadine was found to be pK_a 5.25 and those of desloratadine pK_a1 4.41 and pK_a2 9.97. The values of intrinsic solubilities of loratadine and desloratadine were 8.65 × 10⁻⁶ M and 3.82 × 10⁻⁴ M, respectively. Based on the pK_a values and intrinsic solubilities, solubility curves of these two drugs as a function of pH were calculated. The effects of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants applied in the concentration exceeding critical micelle concentration (cmc) on acid–base properties of loratadine and desloratadine, as well as on intrinsic solubility of loratadine were also examined. The results revealed a shift of pK_a values in micellar media comparing to the values obtained in water. These shifts (ΔpK_a) ranged from −2.24 to +1.24.     

Medical Toxicology and Public Health—Update on Research and Activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Evidence suggests that in-utero exposure to environmental chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, and radionuclides, that might bioaccumulate in the mother may increase a newborn's risk of adverse developmental, neurological, and immunologic effects. Chemical contamination of bodies of water and strong ocean currents worldwide can drive these chemicals from lower latitudes to Arctic waters where they accumulate in common traditional subsistence foods. In response to concerns of the people from Alaska of the effects of bio-accumulated chemicals on their children, the Maternal Organics Monitoring Study(MOMS) was developed. The objective of the study was to assess the risks and benefits associated with the population's subsistence diet. Data analysis of biological samples at the CDC's NCEH laboratory and maternal questionnaires is ongoing. Results will be provided to Alaska Native communities to help support public health actions and inform future interventions and research.     

Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity – Current and Future Perspectives

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology - With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus...     

Epidemiology and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans,animals and the environment in West and Central Africa

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are widespread. Here we used the ‘One Health’ approach to determine knowledge gaps on ESBL-E and CPE in West and Central Africa. We searched all articles on ESBL-E and CPE in these African regions published in PubMed, African Journals Online and Google Scholar from 2000 onwards. Among the 1201 articles retrieved, we selected 165 studies (West Africa, 118; Central Africa, 47) with data from 22 of the 26 West and Central Africa countries. Regarding the settings, 136 articles focused only on humans (carriage and/or infection), 6 articles on humans and animals, 13 on animals, 1 on humans and the environment, 8 on the environment and 1 on humans, animals and environments. ESBL-E prevalence ranged from 11–72% in humans and 7–79% in aquatic environments (wastewater). In animals, ESBL-E prevalence hugely varied: 0% in cattle, 11–36% in chickens, 20% in rats, 21–71% in pigs and 32–75% in dogs. The bla_CTX-M-15 gene was the predominant ESBL-encoding gene and was associated with plasmids of incompatibility groups F, H, K, Y, N, I1 and R. CPE were studied only in humans. Class B metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) and class D oxacillinases (OXA-48 and OXA-181) were the most common carbapenemases. Our results show major knowledge gaps, particularly on ESBL and CPE in animals and the environment, that might limit antimicrobial resistance management in these regions. The results also emphasise the urgent need to improve active surveillance programmes in each country and to support antimicrobial stewardship.     

Huperzine-A and ginkgolides inhibit nitric oxide production from rat and human astrocytoma and block its neurotoxicity

While the complex reasons causing Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear, pre-inflammatory cytokines, complement proteins, activated glia, and nitric oxide (NO) are proposed playing important roles in AD.Using cultured rat C6 and human BT325 astrocytoma cell lines as model of astrocytes, and human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cell line as target cell in the potential neurotoxicity,the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and proinflammatory cytokines on NO production from cultured astrocytes, the effects of NO on the proliferation and apoptosis of     

“Anxiolytic” and “anxiogenic” benzodiazepines and β-carbolines: effects on aggressive and social behavior in rats and squirrel monkeys

Ethopharmacological studies on the behavior of socially housed rats and squirrel monkeys were conducted to explore the role of the benzodiazepine GABA_A-coupled ionophore receptor complex in aggressive and social interactions. Benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) antagonists, ZK 93426 (1–10 mg/kg) and flumazenil (3–10 mg/kg), the partial agonist, ZK 91296 (1–10 mg/kg) and the partial inverse agonists RO 15-4513 (0.3–10 mg/kg), were administered to (1) squirrel monkeys prior to 1 h focal observations within established social groups or to (2) resident male rats before confrontations with a naive male intruder in their home cage for 5 min. Aggression was modified in a similar manner in both species, although squirrel monkeys were more sensitive to BZR challenges. Specifically, resident male rats showed dose dependent reductions in attack bites directed at intruder males that were significant at the highest dose of ZK 93426 (10 mg/kg). In squirrel monkeys, ZK 93426 (3 and 10 mg/kg) reduced aggressive grasps, threats and displays, as well as reducing the duration of being the target of aggression from untreated group members (1–10 mg/kg). The BZR partial agonist, ZK 91296 and the antagonist, flumazenil produced few effects on social behavior, low and high intensity aggression and motor activity in both species. Flumazenil (10–30 mg/kg) and ZK 91296 (10 mg/kg), but not ZK 93426, produced significant increases in foraging and feeding behaviors in squirrel monkeys. The hyperphagic effects of ZK 91296 and flumazenil, that are typical of BZR agonists compounds, were not observed in rats. Similarly, the inverse agonist-like reductions in social interactions produced by ZK 93426 (3–10 mg/kg) were observed only in squirrel monkeys. The partial inverse agonist Ro 15-4513 reduced aggression in rats, but low doses (1 mg/kg) produced tremors or seizures in 80% of the monkeys tested. Decreases in aggressive and social behaviors are often interpreted to reflect anxiogenic drug properties, whereas increased feeding has been associated with anxiolytic actions. The concurrent emergence of these apparent opposites suggests independent actions on social and alimentary functions.