Amoxicillin or tetracycline in bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection

ABSTRACT

Aim

To compare the efficacy and safety between modified quadruple- and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy as first-line eradication regimen for Helicobacter pylori infection.     

Reinfection rate following effective therapy against Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: In developed countries, reinfection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) after eradication of the bacterium is unusual, while the reinfection rate in developing countries is variable. In this study, we determined the reinfection rate after successful H. pylori eradication in Japan, a country with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. METHODS: After successful eradication, 377 patients were followed up by endoscopy and urea breath test annually. In reinfected patients, H. pylori strains isolated initially and after reinfection were compared by using random amplification of polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. RESULTS: H. pylori became positive in four of 337 patients (1.2) 1 year after eradication and in two of 133 patients (1.5) 2 years after eradication. One patient experienced an ulcer relapse 2 years after eradication therapy. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA fingerprinting of the isolated strains from four of the six patients showed two had identical strains (at 1 year) while the other two had different strains (one at 1 year and one at 2 years). When infection in the two patients reinfected with identical strains is considered a recrudescence, the true reinfection rate is < 0.8 per patient year. CONCLUSIONS: The reinfection rate after eradication of H. pylori is low in Japan despite the country's high prevalence of H. pylori infection.     

A short-term eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori acute gastritis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Acute gastritis, caused by an initial infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), may resolve spontaneously, but the infection sometimes becomes chronic. We examined the efficacy of a short-term H. pylori eradication therapy on acute gastritis. METHODS: Among the 15 patients with hemorrhagic acute gastritis who were randomly allocated to group A (eradication therapy) or group B (Lansoprazole, LPZ), 10 of them started to receive treatment within 1 day after the disease onset. The other five patients began the eradication therapy 4-6 days after disease onset (group C). Eradication therapy consisted of a daily oral administration of each of 30 mg lansoprazole (LPZ), once a day; 400 mg clarithromycin, twice a day; 1000 mg amoxicillin, twice a day; and 300 mg rebamipide, three times a day, for one week. If the endoscopy was normal, medication was stopped for the following 4 weeks before gastric endoscopy was performed again in order to assess H. pylori eradication. RESULTS: All group A patients were cured after the 1-week treatment and therefore, they became H. pylori negative. Group B and C patients had erosions or ulcers after the 1-week treatment and so received an additional 3-week administration of LPZ. Four weeks later, their gastritis was cured and except for one group B patient, they became H. pylori-negative. CONCLUSION: In patients with acute gastritis, caused by an initial H. pylori infection, eradication therapy was efficacious in achieving early healing. This therapy should be started as soon as possible after disease onset.     

Nitrofuran-based regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

Several aspects of Helicobacter pylori eradication have been meta-analyzed; however, nitrofuran-based therapies constitute an exception. The aim of this study was the systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of furazolidone- and nitrofurantoin-based regimens in the eradication of infection. Studies evaluating the effects of nitrofurans on H. pylori were identified from Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and congress abstracts. The studies were classified into groups based on first-, second- and third-line regimens. The pooled eradication rates and combined odd ratios of the individual studies were calculated and compared with the published meta-analysis. The factors influencing the efficiency of the regimens were also analyzed. Side-effects of nitrofuran-based regimens were also analyzed. The pooled eradication rate of primary proton pump inhibitor-based regimens containing furazolidone was 76.3% (CI 67.8-84.2). The odds ratio for furazolidone-based regimens versus standard triple therapies was 2.34 (CI 0.76-3.92). Ranitidine bismuth citrate + furazolidone-based triple regimens were equally efficient (83.5%, CI 74.0-93.0, P = 0.06 versus triple therapies). Schedules including a H(2) antagonist + furazolidone + one other antibiotic achieved pooled eradication rates of 79.9% (CI 67.8-89.9, P = 0.04). Bismuth-based triple therapies achieved 84.5% (CI 72.6-93.0, P = 0.002). Primary quadruple regimens containing furazolidone were superior to triple therapies (83.4%, CI 69.7-92.3, P = 0.01). Second-line schedules containing furazolidone obtained eradication rates of 76.1% (CI 66.4-85.0, P = 0.28 versus primary regimens). Third-line 'rescue' therapies were efficient in 65.5% of the cases (CI 56.3-75.5, P = 0.0001). Side-effects of the regimens containing furazolidone were more frequent than in standard therapies (P = 0.02). The combined odds ratio of side-effects for furazolidone-based versus standard therapies was 0.74 (CI 0.32-1.98). The duration of treatment, but not the furazolidone dose, influenced the treatment outcome. Primary triple regimens containing furazolidone are slightly less efficient than the standard primary combinations; primary quadruple regimens were more efficient than triple therapies. Furazolidone is also efficient as a component of second-line or rescue therapies.     

Effects of multistrain probiotic-containing yogurt on second-line triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

Background and Aims: The adjuvant effects of probiotic‐containing yogurt on second‐line triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have not been evaluated. Methods: A total of 337 patients with persistent H. pylori infection, after first‐line triple therapy, were randomly assigned to receive either triple therapy with (yogurt group, n = 151) or without (control group, n = 186) Will yogurt. Triple therapy consisted of 400 mg moxifloxacin q.d., 1000 mg amoxicillin b.i.d., and 20 mg esomeprazole b.i.d. for 14 days. Will yogurt contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium longum, and Streptococcus thermophilus. H. pylori eradication was evaluated by the ¹³C‐urea breath test, histology, or the rapid urease test. Results: The eradication rates by intention‐to‐treat analysis were 66.7% and 68.9% in the control and yogurt groups, respectively (P = 0.667). The eradication rates by per‐protocol analysis were 78.5% and 86% in the control and the yogurt groups, respectively (P = 0.110). The adverse event rates were 25.3% and 28.5% in the control group and yogurt group, respectively (P = 0.508). Conclusions: The addition of yogurt containing probiotics to moxifloxacin‐containing second‐line treatment neither improved H. pylori eradication rates nor reduced the adverse events of treatment.     

Use of a dry latex agglutination test to measure eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: A total antibody latex serology test was compared with enzyme immunoassay serology after treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in 22 patients. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were cured of infection, but only nine (47%) were negative by the latex test after 6 months. However a significant decline in immunoglobulin (Ig)G was seen in 90% of the cured patients. CONCLUSIONS: Although the latex test is suitable for initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, it is not suitable for monitoring treatment success. A decline in IgG of more than 40% correlates well with successful eradication of H. pylori.     

Low-dose rabeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole triple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Chinese patients

BACKGROUND: Rabeprazole in combination with amoxicillin and metronidazole (RAM) has been shown to be an effective second-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The effects were compared of 7-day low-dose and high dose rabeprazole in RAM for the primary treatment of H. pylori infection in Chinese patients. METHODS: Helicobacter pylori-positive dyspeptic patients were randomized to receive either (i) rabeprazole 10 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and metronidazole 400 mg (RAM-10) or (ii) high-dose rabeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and metronidazole 400 mg (RAM-20), each given twice daily for 7 days. Helicobacter pylori eradication was confirmed by (13)c-urea breath test 5 weeks after stopping medications. side-effects of treatments were documented. RESULTS: A total of 120 patients were eligible for analysis. By intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, the eradication rates were 83% and 86% in the RAM-10 group and 75% and 76% in the RAM-20 group, respectively (P = 0.26 and P = 0.17). Both regimens were well-tolerated and compliance was >98% in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose rabeprazole in combination with amoxicillin and metronidazole is an effective, economical and well-tolerated therapy for the treatment of H. pylori infection in Chinese population.     

老年患者幽门螺杆菌感染根除失败的原因

目的探讨老年患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染根除失败的原因。方法收集2017年1月至2018年6月期间在北京老年医院接受Hp根除治疗的年龄≥60岁患者200例。根除治疗完全停止后1个月以上复查碳13呼气试验,以根除失败者为研究组,共计36例患者Hp阳性。选取同期根除成功的40例患者为对照组。应用自制调查问卷调查所有患者一般社会状况、消化系统疾病、既往病史、是否多重用药、吸烟、饮酒、不良反应发生、根除方案、依从性、根除前是否服用抗生素、根除前是否服用质子泵抑制剂(PPI)以及Hp根除意愿。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行数据处理。依据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验或χ~2检验。logistic回归分析Hp根除失败的危险因素。结果多重用药(OR=0.102,95%CI 0.025～0.419;P=0.002)、依从性(OR=0.112,95%CI 0.016～0.779;P=0.027)、根除前是否服用PPI(OR=5.903,95%CI 1.193～29.215;P=0.030)和是否采用阿莫西林四联方案(OR=0.095,95%CI 0.012～0.744;P=0.025)与Hp根除成功与否独立相关。结论老年患者Hp感染应个体化、规范化治疗。     

功能性消化不良与幽门螺杆菌关系的研究进展

功能性消化不良(FD)患者感染幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)十分常见,H.pylori对于FD的发病过程有重要意义。本文旨在总结H.pylori在FD发病过程中的作用和根除H.pylori治疗对FD疾病进程影响的相关研究进展。     

Cap polyposis cured by Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

Helicobacter pylori eradication. A 63-year-old man was diagnosed as having cap polyposis with mucoid stool, diarrhea, and bleeding on defecation. Following 5 weeks of total parenteral nutrition, his symptoms and hypoproteinemia improved and he was discharged, although follow-up colonoscopic findings revealed no improvement. Subsequent gastroscopy revealed diffusely erosive polyps with cap-like “fur” from the angle to the antrum of the stomach, similar to the lesions observed in the colon. Because H. pylori infection was demonstrated in the stomach, eradication therapy was administered. After this treatment, his symptoms immediately disappeared, and the polypoid lesions in the colon and stomach had completely disappeared 8 months later. Because there have been no previous reports of a relationship between H. pylori and cap polyposis, this case is of great interest. Received: June 18, 2001 / Accepted: November 30, 2001     

幽门螺杆菌感染与冠心病的相关性

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp)感染与冠心病之间的关系。方法:研究对象分为:正常对照组(88例)和冠心病组(175例),正常对照组为冠状动脉造影(CAG)正常者;冠心病组经CAG证实冠状动脉狭窄程度超过50%,且排除Hp感染根治史或者恶性肿瘤的病史。我们通过胃十二指肠镜活检制作胃窦部组织切片,War-thin-starry银染色确定Hp感染。结果:两组间观测指标性别、年龄、吸烟和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)差异具有统计学意义。正常对照组中28例(32%)和冠心病组73例(42%)伴有Hp感染,但差异不具有统计学意义。随访行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的冠心病患者82例,半年复查CAG,59例Hp阴性的患者有21例(36%)出现新的冠状动脉病变或支架内再狭窄,23例Hp阳性的患者有12例(52%)出现新的冠状动脉病变或支架内再狭窄,两组间差异不具有统计学意义。结论:本研究没有明确Hp感染与冠心病的关系,有待进一步研究。     

三联5日疗法根除幽门螺杆菌感染的临床疗效观察

目的 观察以雷贝拉唑（Rabeprazole，R）、奥美拉唑（Omeprazole，O）、泮托拉唑（Panloprazole，P）为基础的三联5日疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染的疗效。方法 270例伴幽门螺杆菌感染的消化性溃疡及糜烂性胃炎患者，随机分为6组，进行三联5日疗法。选用雷贝拉唑10mg／奥美拉唑20mg／泮托拉唑40mg，分别配伍克拉霉素（Clarithromycin，C）500mg、呋喃唑酮（Furazolidone，F）100mg（5dRCF组、5dOCF组、5dPCF组）及阿莫西林（Amoxicillin，A）1g、呋喃唑酮100mg（5dRAF组、5dOAF组、5dPAF组），均为每天2次口服。用药结束后28天复查胃镜、^18C呼气试验及病理检查，了解6组H．pylori根除率、药物副作用及溃疡、糜烂愈合情况。结果 H．pylori根除率：（1）ITT分析：5dRCF组73．33％，5dRAF组75．56％。均优于5dOCF组（53．33％）、5dPCF组（48．89％）、5dOAF组（55．56％）及5dPAF组（53．33％），P〈0．05；（2）PP分析：5dRCF组91．67％，5dRAF组91．89％，均优于5dOCF组（64．86％）、5dPCF组（57．89％）、5dOAF组（71．43％）及5dPAF组（63．16％），P〈0．05；ITT分析及PP分析5dRCF组、5dRAF组之间差异均无显著性。6组副作用均少见。6组溃疡及糜烂愈合情况均较好，P〉0．25。结论 以雷贝拉唑为基础的短程5日疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染疗效确定，根除率高、副作用小，是有前途的根除H．pylori的方法。     

Novel combination therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in a mouse model

Abstract

Objective. Recently, several publications in adults have shown an increased incidence of non-Helicobacter pylori (HP), non-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) peptic disease (PD). There are only a few case reports linking celiac disease (CD) to PD. We therefore aimed to review our experience of CD presenting with PD. Material and methods. We retrospectively reviewed all the endoscopies performed for children and young adults diagnosed with CD between 1 January, 2004 and 31 October, 2008. The diagnosis of CD was based on accepted guidelines. Patients with a doubtful diagnosis of CD were excluded. Results. We had 240 patients with the diagnosis of CD. We had 29 (12.0%) patients [15 males (52%), 14 females (48%)] for whom the diagnosis of PD was ascertained. The age range was 1–50 years (mean 16.9 ± 12.1 years). Twenty-three of the 29 patients (79%) were HP-negative. Duodenal PD was noted in 22 patients (76%) and 16 (73%) were HP-negative. Gastric PD was noted in eight patients (28%) and 7 (87%) were HP-negative. The PD group was significantly older at diagnosis (p < 0.001) compared to the whole CD group. Conclusions. PD is not uncommon in the presentation of CD. It is more likely to be found in the second decade of life. CD should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with non-HP PD and we suggest routine CD serology and small bowel biopsy in patients with unexplained PD.     

Influence of Helicobacter pylori genotype on triple eradication therapy

BACKGROUND: The efficiency of Helicobacter pylori eradication varies geographically, as do many parameters that might affect therapeutic efficiency. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between different genotypes of H. pylori and bacterium-related histopathological lesions in patients with duodenal ulcer and to determine the effect of genotype on triple eradication therapy. METHODS: Helicobacter pylori infections were analyzed in 78 duodenal ulcer patients. The cytotoxin-associated gene (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) subtype status of cultured strains were studied by PCR. Histopathological findings were graded using a described grading system. The patients were treated with triple-therapy regimens consisting of a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics twice daily for 7 days. Endoscopy was repeated at 4 weeks post-therapy to monitor ulcer healing and H. pylori eradication. RESULTS: The bacteria were genotyped from 66 patients, 57 of whom had H. pylori eradicated. The absence of cagA was associated with unsuccessful treatment. No difference was found with regard to vacA subtype between the successful and unsuccessful eradication groups. On histopathological examination, high H. pylori colonization density and intestinal metaplasia were associated with low eradication rate, while a high grade of neutrophil infiltration was associated with a significantly higher eradication rate. CONCLUSIONS: The data confirm the importance of cagA positivity as a predictor of successful eradication. When high H. pylori colonization density and intestinal metaplasia are present, therapy appears to be less effective. Therefore, these histopathological features may be involved in an unsuccessful therapeutic outcome.