Plaque and gingivitis among Norwegian children participating ina dental health program

ABSTRACT – The prevalence of dental plaque, gingivitis, and of supra- as well as subgingival retentions was assessed in 154 Children 11–13 years old. Only the first molars the incisors were examined. In each child 48 scorings were carried out by the Plaque Index. the Gingival Index, and the Retention Index. Plaque Index scores of 0 and 2 amounted to 16± 13% and 19±14, respectively. The Gingival Index score 0 was only 0.6±2%, and score 2 amounted to 22±12%, i.c., 99% of the observations indicated gingivitis, Moderate gingivitis, i.c. score 2, was most frequent in the interproximal areas, and lingually at the mandibular molars, Sex differences in amount of plaque as well as in prevalence of gingivitis were negligible.     

Prevalence of gingivitis among children with and without school dental service

abstract — In order to evaluate the effect of school dental care on the prevalence of gingivitis in children, two groups of children in the 7th grade (approx. age 13—14 years) were compared, only one of the groups having had school dental service. A total of 758 children from eight different provincial towns in Denmark were studied. Gingivitis was recorded by the method of L öe & S ilness . The results are given as the average sum of sound, inflamed, and severely inflamed gingival zones and in frequency tables. There were only small differences between those children who had had school dental service and those who had never received it.     

孕妇牙科焦虑症相关因素分析

目的：调查孕妇牙科焦虑症的发生情况。方法：采用改良的牙科焦虑量表（modified dental anxiety scale,MDAS）对合肥地区301例孕妇进行牙科焦虑症调查,分析焦虑程度与人口统计学指标及牙科就诊行为的关系。结果：301例孕妇MDAS平均分值为13.60±4.14,得分≥15分者占32.6%。高龄、文化程度低、经济收入低、内向性格、3年内从未看过牙医及治疗牙病为就诊目的者具有更高的MDAS分值（P〈0.01）。结论：孕妇牙科焦虑症比较常见,其焦虑程度与多种因素有关,临床医生应给予高度重视。     

Effect of a single dental health care instruction and prophylaxis on gingivitis

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a single dental health instruction on gingivitis in an adult population. Ninety-eight army recruits from two military camps were randomly allocated to four groups: a control group, a group that received a professional prophylaxis, a group that received dental health care instruction and a group that had both a prophylaxis and dental health care instruction. Treatment effects were measured 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the initial examinations. The single prophylaxis resulted in a small temporary improvement. The effect of the single dental health care instruction was also small, but lasted until the end of the trial. A single instruction plus prophylaxis resulted in the clearest improvement, which was still present after 3 months. It can be concluded that any single treatment should at least consist of dental health care instruction plus a prophylaxis.     

牙科焦虑症对孕妇口腔健康状况的影响

目的：探讨牙科焦虑症对孕妇口腔健康状况的影响。方法：采用改良的牙科焦虑量表（MDAS）对安徽医科大学第一附属医院产科住院生产的542名孕妇进行调查,分析牙科焦虑症对其口腔健康状况的影响。结果：542名孕妇中,牙科焦虑程度较高者（MDAS≥15分）168例,牙科焦虑程度较低者（MDAS＜15分）374例,两组间患龋率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;但牙科焦虑程度较高组的龋失补牙数（DMFT）和社区牙周指数（CPI）均高于牙科焦虑程度较低组,组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论：牙科焦虑症可能对孕妇的口腔健康产生有害影响。     

Effect of Listerine® on dental plaque and gingivitis

abstract — The present study was performed in 10 adults in order to evaluate the effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine®) on the rate of dental plaque formation and gingivitis development during a 2-week period when all efforts towards active mechanical oral hygiene were withdrawn. The study was performed as a crossover study and was carried out during four consecutive 2-week periods. During the first and third periods (preparatory periods) the participants were subjected to repeated professional tooth cleanings in order to establish plaque- and gingivitis-free dentitions. During the second and fourth periods (test and control periods) the participants were not allowed to brush their teeth but rinsed their mouths three times a day with Listerine or a placebo mouthwash. Plaque Index, Gingival Index, gingival fluid flow, and crevicular leukocytes were assessed on d 0, 2, 4, 7, and 14. On d 7 and 14, dental plaque was removed from the right and left jaws respectively and the wet weights determined. The chemotactic activity elaborated by the plaques was studied in Boyden chambers. During the Listerine test period, significantly lower Plaque and Gingival Index values were scored and lower amounts of plaque could be sampled in comparison to the control period.     

Factors affecting oral health-related quality of life among pregnant women

Abstract: Objectives: To assess oral health status and to describe the possible factors that could affect the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among a group of pregnant rural women in South India. Materials and methods: A total of 259 pregnant women (mean age 26 ± 5.5 years) who participated in the cross‐sectional study were administered the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) questionnaire and were clinically examined for caries and periodontal status. Results: The highest oral impact on quality of life was reported for ‘painful mouth’ (mean: 1.7) and ‘difficulty in eating’ (mean: 1.1). On comparing the mean OHIP‐14 scores against the various self‐reported oral problems, it was seen that the mean OHIP‐14 scores were significantly higher among those who reported various oral problems than those who did not. Those with previous history of pregnancies had more severe levels of gingivitis than those who were pregnant for the first time. Also gingival index scores, community periodontal index of treatment needs scores and previous pregnancies was associated with poorer OHRQoL scores. Conclusion: Increased health promotion interventions and simple educational preventive programmes on oral self‐care and disease prevention during pregnancy can go a long way in improving oral health and lessening its impact on the quality of life in this important population.     

盐城市妊娠妇女口腔保健意识及健康状况调查分析

目的 了解盐城市妊娠妇女对孕产期口腔保健知识的掌握程度。方法 对盐城市1 206名妊娠期妇女展开问卷调查,问卷内容涉及口腔保健知识等共16个内容,同时对参加问卷调查的妊娠妇女一并进行常规的口腔健康检查。针对调查结果结合妊娠妇女的年龄、孕周等情况进行统计学分析。结果 本地妊娠妇女口腔保健知识较贫乏,91.34%的孕妇未接受过口腔健康教育;口腔健康状况较差, 妊娠期龋齿及牙龈炎的发病率分别为56.30%和75.04%;软垢及牙石的发生率分别为73.63%和51.33%。而妊娠期龋齿和龈炎的就诊率分别为1.37%和5.66%。结论 应针对妊娠期妇女进行口腔健康教育及行为改进。     

The effect of professional toothcleansing on gingivitis and dental caries in children after 1 year

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of professional mechanical toothcleansing on plaque, gingivitis, and dental caries in young children with a high caries experience. Seventy-eight children, 7 years of age, were stratified according to presence or absence of smooth surface lesions on the permanent teeth and subsequently randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given a thorough mechanical toothcleansing every 2 weeks. After 12 months a statistically significant difference in plaque accumulation and a minor difference in level of gingival inflammation could be demonstrated between the two groups. The incidence of dental caries in permanent teeth present at both examinations was 70% lower in the experimental group. The effect on permanent teeth erupting during the study and on primary teeth present at both examinations was not statistically significant.     

Systemic conditions and oral health-related quality of life of pregnant women of normal weight and who are overweight

Objective: This study evaluated systemic and periodontal conditions and their association with quality of life in women in the third trimester of pregnancy, assisted by the Brazilian public health-care system, with excessive and normal weight. Methods: Fifty pregnant women were allocated into two groups according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): excessive (GE; n = 25; BMI ≥ 25.00 kg/m²); and normal (GN; n = 25; 18.00 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.99 kg/m²). Thereafter, variables such as socio-economic level, anthropometric parameters (body mass index and gestational weight gain), systemic conditions, periodontal status, and oral health-related quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in schooling level, monthly household income and gestational weight gain (P > 0.05). The GE group showed a higher frequency of arterial hypertension (P = 0.018), sought dental services less frequently (P = 0.035), had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (P = 0.011), and had a higher OHIP-14 overall score (P = 0.004) characterised by physical and psychological impact. In the final binary logistic regression models, high maternal BMI was associated with arterial hypertension and periodontitis during pregnancy, while periodontitis was strongly associated with moderate and high impact on quality of life. Conclusion: Pregnant women in the third trimester with excessive weight, assisted by the Brazilian public health-care system, presented with a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, worse periodontal conditions and consequent high impact on quality of life.Key words: Periodontal disease, pregnant women, obesity, overweight, dental public health     

Effect of professional toothcleansing every third week on gingivitis and dental caries in children

A previous paper reported on the 1-year effect on dental caries and gingivitis of biweekly professional toothcleansing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a change from 2 to 3 weeks in the interval between the professional toothcleansings during the 2nd year. The DMFS increment during the 2nd year did not differe significantly between the experimental and control groups. The plaque and gingival indices, although increased during the 2nd year, were still significantly lower in children subjected to the 3-weekly cleansing than in children in the control group.     

Oral health care for pregnant and postpartum women

Pregnancy may pose a number of concerns to the mother and the foetus. This can include systemic and oral issues that effect health. Transmission of caries-causing bacteria is one problem that can be minimized by utilizing simple, cost-effective measures. Chlorhexidine rinses and xylitol containing chewing gum will be discussed as possible solutions to this tremendous public health problem.     

The effect of delmopinol rinsing on dental plaque formation and gingivitis healing

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible dose-response effect of delmopinol hydrochloride, on the development of plaque and on the healing of gingivitis. 64 healthy male volunteers, aged 18-40 years with healthy gingivae and clean teeth, participated. During a 2-week period, the participants refrained from all oral hygiene and rinsed 2x daily with a placebo solution. On day 14 of the study, they received professional toothcleaning, and were randomly assigned to 4 groups. For the following 2 weeks, they rinsed 2x daily for 1 min with 10 ml of 0.05% (15 subjects), 0.1% (17) or 0.2% (16) delmopinol, respectively. 16 subjects rinsed with 0.2% chlorhexidine. No oral hygiene procedures were performed during the test period. On days 0, 14 and 28, gingival bleeding index and the presence of stainable plaque were determined. Periodic identical photographs were used for planimetric determination of buccal plaque extension. No significant difference for the reduction in gingival bleeding index was found between 0.2% delmopinol and chlorhexidine rinsing. The mean plaque index showed its most significant reduction on lingual surfaces of both upper and lower jaws when rinsing with 0.2% delmopinol. Mean plaque extension was reduced by 23% for 0.05%, 39% for 0.1% and 55% for 0.2% delmopinol. A significant dose-response effect for 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% delmopinol was found for gingival bleeding index, plaque index and plaque extension. The results show that delmopinol favors the healing of gingivitis and reduces plaque formation.     

Effect of fluoride on gingivitis and dental caries in a preventive program based on plaque control

ABSTRACT The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the relative effect of fluoride on caries in a preventive program based on meticulous plaque control. The material consisted of 82 children; 41 in the test and 41 in the control group. At the start of the study the children were 13–14 years of age. In August 1973 an examination was performed to obtain baseline data for the trial. Prophylactic treatment was given to the children once every second week. A total of 18 treatments were given during a 10-month period. In the control group an abrasive paste was used containing 5 % sodium monofluorophosphate (Jodka Fluor Polerpasta®). In the test group an abrasive paste was used which was identical with the control paste except that it did not contain any fluoride components. Twelve months after the baseline examination the test and control groups were reexamined. The trial demonstrated that, in children, fortnightly professional cleaning of the teeth combined with meticulous toothbrushing instructions result in (1) a high standard of oral hygiene and (2) only very few new carious surfaces. Though the control group children received fortnightly topical application of F^? during the prophylactic sessions and used a fluoridated dentifrice, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding number of new carious tooth surfaces per child per year.     

Incidence of dental caries among a group of university students in Turku

The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of dental caries in a group of university students during a 4-year interval between registrations. Eventual differences in the periodontal and oral hygiene conditions were also examined. In addition, the reasons for high prevalence of caries in freshmen were investigated. The material consisted of 116 students, initially examined clinically and radio-graphically in 1967, and later in 1971. The amount of untreated caries diminished from originally 15.0 to 9.9 decayed surfaces per student. Untreated caries was constantly less frequent among females than males. The caries incidence was 1.9 surfaces per year which corresponds to previous estimations of the caries increment in Finland. An improvement in the gingival conditions, eventually due to the decrease of untreated carious lesions, was registered. The difference between mean PH-values in 1967 and 1971 was not significant. Classification in subgroups according to gingival and oral hygiene conditions showed, however, that the group possessing poor oral hygiene conditions diminished in size. The indices of GI and PII were higher among males than females.

The poor dental conditions among the freshmen could be attributed to a mean of 6.4 years since the termination of previous regular dental treatment.     

568名妊娠妇女牙周保健意识和经济因素的调查

目的：初步探讨经济因素对妊娠妇女牙周保健意识的影响。方法：对深圳市568名妊娠妇女进行问卷调查。结果：在不同经济收入水平的妊娠妇女之间，牙周保健知识知晓率及孕期牙周疾病就诊率无显著性差异；参加医疗保险者的孕前牙周检查知晓率及孕期牙周疾病就诊率明显高于无医保者；在影响孕期到口腔科就诊的因素中，价格因素排在第4位。结论：经济因素可能不是影响深圳妊娠妇女牙周保健意识的主要因素。