经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻中的护理

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗术后早期炎性肠梗阻的有效护理措施。方法对26例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者应用经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗并配合有效的护理措施,对治疗效果进行观察和分析。结果本组26例均经以经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗为主的综合治疗配合有效的心理护理、腹痛腹胀的观察、经鼻肠梗阻导管护理及并发症的预防及护理措施,全组病例于6~21 d(平均16d)治愈出院。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗为主的综合治疗配合有效的护理措施是提高术后早期炎性肠梗阻治愈率的关键。     

应用介入技术放置经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻的疗效

目的探讨数字减影血管造影(DSA)引导下应用介入技术放置经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻的疗效。方法选取52例小肠梗阻患者,均在DSA引导下应用介入技术放置肠梗阻导管。结果应用介入技术放置肠梗阻导管技术成功率为100%,肠梗阻导管头端均成功置放在Treiz韧带远端空肠内,平均操作时间6 min。49例减压后梗阻完全解除,有效率为94.2%;日引流量1 500~3 600 ml。患者仅有轻度鼻部不适或轻度疼痛,7例出现恶心,1例出现恶心、呕吐。无腹部疼痛、胃肠道穿孔、出血等严重并发症发生。结论 DSA引导下应用介入技术放置经鼻肠梗阻导管快速、安全、有效。     

肠梗阻导管在老年肠梗阻治疗中的应用

目的评价肠梗阻导管在老年肠梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2014年12月吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的86例老年肠梗阻患者的临床资料。对比分析肠梗阻导管组(41例)和鼻胃管组(45例)前2 d的胃肠减压量、腹胀改善情况(24 h腹围减少值)、整体有效率和手术率等临床指标。结果与鼻胃管组相比,肠梗阻导管组在24 h胃肠减压量、腹围减少值、整体有效率均有明显提高(P0.05),两组手术率无明显差异(P0.05)。在老年粘连性肠梗阻的治疗过程中,肠梗阻导管组较鼻胃管组的手术率明显降低(P0.05)。结论肠梗阻导管减压在老年肠梗阻尤其是老年粘连性肠梗阻的治疗中比常规鼻胃管减压疗效更确切有效。     

胃镜引导下经鼻肠梗阻减压管置入在小肠梗阻中的应用

目的探讨胃镜辅助下鼻肠减压管置人技术在小肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法回顾分析我院2007年4月～2009年1月收治的13例小肠梗阻患者,在使用常规鼻胃减压管治疗无效后在胃镜辅助下放入鼻肠减压管,并进行胃肠减压治疗,观察置管效果并对疗效进行分析。结果胃镜辅助下鼻肠减压管置入平均时间19．4min,成功率100％,导管头端到达梗阻上方的平均时间4．3d,经造影观察均能明确病变部位并对病变性质作出初步判断;置管后病人腹痛、腹胀均有显著缓解,引流量增加,腹围减少;7例患者经减压治疗后小肠梗阻完全缓解,6例需手术治疗患者在手术治疗时均能依据导管头端位置准确定位。结论鼻肠减压管治疗小肠梗阻安全有效,应作为治疗小肠梗阻的首选方法;胃镜辅助置人鼻肠减压管操作简单,成功率高。     

经鼻型肠梗阻导管在腹部术后早期粘连性肠梗阻胃肠减压治疗中的应用

目的探讨经鼻型肠梗阻导管减压在腹部术后粘连性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法将136例腹部术后早期粘连性肠梗阻患者随机分为对照组和观察组各68例。对照组行传统鼻胃管置入胃肠减压治疗,48h后腹痛、腹胀无明显缓解者改行经鼻型肠梗阻导管胃肠减压治疗;观察组采用经鼻型肠梗阻导管行胃肠减压治疗。观察两组成功率及腹围减少量、胃肠减压量、平均住院时间。结果观察组成功率、腹围减少及胃肠减压量均明显高于对照组,P均〈0.05;但平均住院时间长于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论经鼻型肠梗阻导管置入胃肠减压效果确切,优于传统的鼻胃管。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻中的应用

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻治疗中的作用。方法将36例术后早期炎性肠梗阻患者随机行经鼻肠梗阻导管（n=18）、普通鼻胃管（n=18）减压治疗,分别观察腹围缩小、胃肠减压量、呕吐停止时间、排气、排便恢复时间、气液平面消失时间,对结果进行分析比较。结果经鼻肠梗阻导管的腹围缩小（16.4±5.2）cm较普通鼻胃管（5.9±3.2）cm更明显,胃肠减压量（1035.6±274.5）ml/d较普通鼻胃管（626.8±304.6）ml/d显著增多,呕吐停止时间（2.2±1.8）d、排气恢复时间（1.8±0.9）d、排便恢复时间（5.2±3.4）d和气液平面消失时间（9.3±7.5）d均较普通鼻胃管显著缩短（P〈0.05）。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管在术后早期炎性肠梗阻中较普通鼻胃管更有意义。     

经鼻型肠梗阻导管在肠梗阻治疗中的临床价值

目的观察经鼻型肠梗阻导管治疗肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法 28例不全性肠梗阻患者经常规治疗无效后安置肠梗阻导管,观察肠梗阻缓解的各项临床指标,即腹胀、腹痛、腹围变化、腹部立卧位平片气液平消失的时间和非手术率的变化。结果 28例患者,肠梗阻完全缓解者21例,时间24~240 h,其中外科手术后所致黏连性肠梗阻16例,克罗恩病1例,肠结核1例,粪石性肠梗阻1例,小肠柿石2例。非手术率75.0%。肠梗阻未能缓解转外科行手术治疗7例,包括结肠肿瘤3例,小肠癌1例,小肠内疝1例,肠道淋巴瘤1例,小肠巨大粪石1例。结论经鼻型肠梗阻导管治疗不全性肠梗阻可明显改善患者临床症状,提高非手术率,为外科手术病变部位定位。     

超细胃镜引导下放置经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗肠梗阻26例

肠梗阻患者留置肠梗阻导管,比普通胃管更能有效地吸引肠内容物,降低肠管内压力,减轻水肿,恢复肠道血运及肠管动力,从而达到非手术解决肠梗阻的目的。临床上放置肠梗阻导管的方法很多,我院自2009年起采用超细胃镜引导下放置经鼻肠梗阻导管减压治疗肠梗阻,疗效满意,报道如下。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年患者术后粘连性肠梗阻效果观察

目的观察经鼻肠梗阻导管置人术治疗老年患者术后粘连性肠梗阻的效果。方法将60例术后粘连性肠梗阻老年患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,均行禁食水、抗感染、抑酸、静脉营养及纠正水、电解质、酸碱平衡紊乱等对症支持治疗。对照组采用常规鼻胃管行胃肠减压,治疗组在DSA监视下行经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术,外接负压吸引器。结果治疗6d后,治疗组胃肠减压量平均为960ml,腹部症状缓解时间平均1．6d,恢复排气排便时间平均3．7d,气液平面消失时间平均6．4d,治愈28例（93％）;对照组分别为420ml、3．4d、5．6d、8．5d、19例（63％）。两组比较,P均〈0．05。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年患者术后粘连性肠梗阻安全有效,避免了老年患者行开腹手术。     

血清降钙素原水平预测肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻转归的价值

目的 评价血清降钙素原水平预测肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻转归的价值。方法 回顾性收集2020年1月至2022年9月徐州市中心医院收治的行肠梗阻导管置入治疗的小肠梗阻患者67例,根据肠梗阻导管置入前的血清降钙素原水平将患者分为高降钙素原组(H组)与正常降钙素原组(N组)。统计两组患者小肠梗阻的治疗效果并采用二元Logistic回归分析血清降钙素原水平与肠梗阻导管治疗效果的相关性。结果 67例患者中高降钙素原组15例,正常降钙素原组52例。肠梗阻导管置入后肠梗阻解除患者46例(H组6例,N组40例),治疗欠佳并中转外科手术患者21例(H组9例,N组12例)。肠梗阻解除患者中,N组患者置管后出现排气排便的中位时间(4 d)较H组(8 d)显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,高血清降钙素原水平是肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻患者效果欠佳的独立危险因素(OR=5.000,95%CI为1.479～16.900,P=0.010)。结论 血清降钙素原水平能够预测肠梗阻导管治疗小肠梗阻的转归,PCT水平正常的小肠梗阻患者采用经鼻型肠梗阻导管治疗获益可能更大。     

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the small bowel presenting as an intussusception causing small bowel obstruction]

Adult intussusception secondary to primary sarcoma is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. Only a few cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of small bowel presenting as an intussusception have been reported in the literatures. We report a case of small bowel obstruction associated with jejuno-ileal intussusception caused by MFH. A 75-year-old man was admitted with an one-month history of vomiting and epigastric pain aggravated with meals. He was diagnosed as an jejuno-ileal intussusception based on CT scanning and underwent small bowel resection and anastomosis. Resected specimens revealed a polypoid tumor in the ileum and the histology of the tumor was consistent with MFH.     

Value of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction after unsuccessful conservative treatment： A prospective evaluation

AIM: Gastrografin is a hyperosmolar water-soluble contrast medium. Besides its predictive value for the need for operative treatment, a potential therapeutic role of this agent in adhesive small bowel obstruction has been suggested. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction when conservative treatment failed. METHODS: Patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction were given trial conservative treatment unless there was fear of bowel strangulation. Those responded in the initial 48 h had conservative treatment continued. Patients who showed no improvement in the initial 48 h were given 100 mL of gastrografin through nasogastric tube followed by serial abdominal radiographs. Patients with the contrast appeared in large bowel within 24 h were regarded as having partial obstruction and conservative treatment was continued. Patients in which the contrast failed to reach large bowel within 24 h were considered to have complete obstruction and laparotomy was performed. RESULTS: Two hundred and twelve patients with 245 episodes of adhesive obstruction were included. Fifteen patients were operated on soon after admission due to fear of strangulation. One hundred and eighty-six episodes of obstruction showed improvement in the initial 48 h and conservative treatment was continued. Two patients had subsequent operations because of persistent obstruction. Forty-four episodes of obstruction showed no improvement within 48 h and gastrografin was administered. Seven patients underwent complete obstruction surgery. Partial obstruction was demonstrated in 37 other cases, obstruction resolved subsequently in all of them except one patient who required laparotomy because of persistent obstruction. The overall operative rate in this study was 10%. There was no complication that could be attributed to the use of gastrografin. CONCLUSION: The use of gastrografin in adhesive small bowel obstruction after unsuccessful conservative treatment is safe and reduces the need for suraical intervention     

Knot formation in a long tube used in the treatment of a post-operative adhesive small bowel obstruction

The complications specific to the management of the nasointestinal long tubes for small bowel obstruction are not generally appreciated. We report here of a case of knot formation of the long tube which was inserted for a 60 year-old male. Because it was difficult to place the tube in the distal stomach despite frequent changes in patient position, two coiled loops were noted at the fornix as the tip of the tube reached the antrum. The tube was gently removed without injury to the esophagus or stomach under fluoroscopic control. This case illustrates that when a long tube is used, the formation of multiple coils in the stomach should be avoided during placement to prevent knotting. Furthermore, a knotted tube can be gently removed non-operatively without esophageal injury. A short tube may be superior to a long tube because most of the complications can be avoided.     

A prospective randomized trial of transnasal ileus tube vs nasogastric tube for adhesive small bowel obstruction

AIM:To study the therapeutic efficacy of a new transnasal ileus tube advanced endoscopically for adhesive small bowel obstruction.METHODS:A total of 186 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction treated from September 2007 to February 2011 were enrolled into this prospective randomized controlled study.The endoscopically advanced new ileus tube was used for gastrointestinal decompression in 96 patients and ordinary nasogastric tube(NGT) was used in 90 patients.The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Compared with the NGT group,the ileus tube group experienced significantly shorter time for relief of clinical symptoms and improvement in the findings of abdominal radiograph(4.1 ± 2.3 d vs 8.5 ± 5.0 d) and laboratory tests(P 0.01).The overall effectiveness rate was up to 89.6% in the ileus tube group and 46.7% in the NGT group(P 0.01).And 10.4% of the patients in the ileus tube group and 53.3% of the NGT group underwent surgery.For recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction,ileus tube was also significantly more effective than NGT(95.8% vs 31.6%).In the ileus tube group,the drainage output on the first day and the length of hospital stay were significantly different depending on the treatment success or failure(P 0.05).The abdominal radiographic improvement was correlated with whether or not the patient underwent surgery.CONCLUSION:Ileus tube can be used for adhesive small bowel obstruction.Endoscopic placement of the ileus tube is convenient and worthy to be promoted despite the potential risks.     

Multiple giant diverticula of the foregut causing upper gastrointestinal obstruction

Small bowel diverticulosis represents an uncommon disorder （except for Meckel diverticulum） often misdiagnosed since it causes non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Most of times the diagnosis is carried out in case of related complications, such as diverticulitis, hemorrhage, perforation or obstruction. intestinal obstruction can be caused by inflammatory stenosis due to repeated episodes of diverticulitis, volvulus, intussusception or jejunal stones. Herein we report a case of multiple jejunal diverticula causing chronic gastrointestinal obstruction.     

Retroperitoneal fibrosis： A rare cause of both ureteral and small bowel obstruction

INTRODUCTION Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare condition of unclear etiology. It is believed to be immune-related About two-thirds of the cases are thought to be idiopathic We present a case of idiopathic RPF in a 54 years old female who developed bilateral hydronephrosis and thensmall bowel obstruction due to extrinsic compression from retroperitoneal fibrosis. To our knowledge no case of idiopathic RPF presenting with features of both bilateral ureteral and small bowel obstru…     

Spectral analysis of bowel sounds in intestinal obstruction using an electronic stethoscope

AIM: To determine the value of bowel sounds analysis using an electronic stethoscope to support a clinical diagnosis of intestinal obstruction.METHODS: Subjects were patients who presented with a diagnosis of possible intestinal obstruction based on symptoms, signs, and radiological findings. A 3M™ Littmann^® Model 4100 electronic stethoscope was used in this study. With the patients lying supine, six 8-second recordings of bowel sounds were taken from each patient from the lower abdomen. The recordings were analysed for sound duration, sound-to-sound interval, dominant frequency, and peak frequency. Clinical and radiological data were reviewed and the patients were classified as having either acute, subacute, or no bowel obstruction. Comparison of bowel sound characteristics was made between these subgroups of patients. In the presence of an obstruction, the site of obstruction was identified and bowel calibre was also measured to correlate with bowel sounds.RESULTS: A total of 71 patients were studied during the period July 2009 to January 2011. Forty patients had acute bowel obstruction (27 small bowel obstruction and 13 large bowel obstruction), 11 had subacute bowel obstruction (eight in the small bowel and three in large bowel) and 20 had no bowel obstruction (diagnoses of other conditions were made). Twenty-five patients received surgical intervention (35.2%) during the same admission for acute abdominal conditions. A total of 426 recordings were made and 420 recordings were used for analysis. There was no significant difference in sound-to-sound interval, dominant frequency, and peak frequency among patients with acute bowel obstruction, subacute bowel obstruction, and no bowel obstruction. In acute large bowel obstruction, the sound duration was significantly longer (median 0.81 s vs 0.55 s, P = 0.021) and the dominant frequency was significantly higher (median 440 Hz vs 288 Hz, P = 0.003) when compared to acute small bowel obstruction. No significant difference was seen between acute large bowel obstruction and large bowel pseudo-obstruction. For patients with small bowel obstruction, the sound-to-sound interval was significantly longer in those who subsequently underwent surgery compared with those treated non-operatively (median 1.29 s vs 0.63 s, P < 0.001). There was no correlation between bowel calibre and bowel sound characteristics in both acute small bowel obstruction and acute large bowel obstruction.CONCLUSION: Auscultation of bowel sounds is non-specific for diagnosing bowel obstruction. Differences in sound characteristics between large bowel and small bowel obstruction may help determine the likely site of obstruction.     

Persistent omphalomesenteric duct causing small bowel obstruction in an adult

An extremely rare case of persistent omphalomesenteric duct causing small bowel obstruction is presented. A 20-year-old female patient without medical history presented with colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, absence of passage of gas and feces, and abdominal distension of 24 h duration. Physical examination and blood tests were normal. Abdominal X-ray showed small bowel obstruction. Computed tomography of the abdomen demonstrated dilated small bowel and a band originating from the umbilicus and continuing between the small bowel loops; an omphalomesenteric duct remnant was suspected. In exploratory laparotomy, persistent omphalomesenteric duct causing small bowel obstruction was identified and resected. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the 5^th postoperative day. Although persistent omphalomesenteric duct is an extremely infrequent cause of small bowel obstruction in adult patients, it should be taken into consideration in patients without any previous surgical history.     

Eosinophilic enteritis presenting as a rare cause for ileo-ileal intussusception

Eosinophilic enteritis,a relatively rare entity,usually involves gastric antrum or proximal small bowel. Our case is rarer in its involvement of the distal small bowel and presents unusually as intussusception. The disease if diagnosed in the initial stages responds well to medical treatment but if associated with complications or misdiagnosed,surgical modality is the treatment of choice. In our case,the patient presented with acute intestinal obstruction due to intussusception and emergency laparotomy with ileoileal anastomosis was done. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis as eosinophilic enteritis. This case with such a presentation is discussed here.