miRNA与消化系统肿瘤的关系

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于多种生物体内的长度约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,能够在后转录水平负调控基因表达.miRNA在细胞产生、增殖及凋亡过程中发挥特有的负性调控作用,与人类许多疾病(包括肿瘤)的发生发展密切相关.近来的研究证实miRNA在人类肿瘤中可能是潜在的癌基因或抑癌基因,本文就miRNA与消化系统肿瘤的关系的研究进展作一综述.     

非编码RNA与肝再生关系的研究进展

在肝大部分切除或肝损伤后,处于增殖静止状态的肝细胞被激活并扩增以修复受损的肝脏,近年研究发现以微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）为代表的非编码RNA可以通过调控肝细胞的增殖、凋亡、自噬以及肝脏祖细胞的增殖和迁移等来参与肝再生。现就miRNA和lncRNA与肝再生的关系进行综述,以期为肝脏疾病及肝...     

非编码RNA对肿瘤的调控机制

非编码RNA(ncRNA)是不参与蛋白质编码的RNA的总称,包括微小RNA(miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)、转运RNA(tRNA)、核糖体RNA (rRNA)等.研究发现,ncRNA在调节组织细胞的发生、分化、增殖、凋亡等方面具有重要的作用.尤其在肿瘤细胞中,ncRNA的表达水平与正常细胞有明显差异,在功能上表现为致癌基因或抑癌基因,提示其在肿瘤的发生发展中可能起重要作用.此文对当前研究较为深入的几种ncRNA调控肿瘤的机制作一综述.     

非编码RNA与心房颤动结构重构的关系

心房结构重构是心房颤动(房颤)发生和赖以维持的关键环节.微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA等非编码RNA在促进房颤心房结构重构中发挥重要作用.深入分析非编码RNA促进心房结构重构、导致房颤发生的病理生理机制具有重要临床意义,并可为寻找房颤防治新靶点提供理论依据.     

非编码RNA调控心脏纤维化的研究进展

心脏纤维化与多种心血管疾病密切相关,显著影响患者的临床预后.非编码RNA(ncRNA)参与调控心脏纤维化发生发展,在心脏纤维化的诊断和治疗方面具有巨大潜力,有望成为新兴生物标志物和治疗靶标.该文介绍ncRNA在心脏纤维化中的作用.     

长链非编码RNA在胃肠道疾病中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸,具有调控基因表达但不表现任何蛋白质编码潜能的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA),在总ncRNA中占有相当大的比例,目前已成为继microRNA之后又一研究的新热点。lncRNA广泛参与机体几乎所有的生理和病理过程,尤其通过表观遗传调控等方式参与并影响肿瘤细胞的生长、凋亡、浸润与转移等过程,它在肿瘤诊断和治疗方面已显示出良好的临床应用前景,有望成为新型肿瘤标志物和肿瘤治疗的新靶点。本文就lncRNA在胃肠道常见疾病中的研究进展作一概述。     

长链非编码RNA与心力衰竭的关系

过去认为长链非编码RNA是转录"噪音"而无实际功能,现在逐渐发现其在调控基因表达、染色质修饰、调节m RNA转录等方面起重要作用。近年来对其在心力衰竭的病理进程、预后判断及基因调控网络中的作用已进行了初步研究。本研究就长链非编码RNA与心力衰竭的关系作一简要综述。     

非编码RNA在血管钙化中的调控作用

血管钙化的特征是羟基磷灰石晶体的沉积,已被认为是心血管疾病的独立危险因素。研究表明,非编码RNA与血管钙化关系密切。这些RNA类型包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA。现总结几种非编码RNA在血管钙化中的调控作用。     

非编码RNA在血管钙化中的研究进展

血管钙化(VC)导致慢性肾脏病、高血压和糖尿病患者心血管事件发生率增加。然而目前为止,导致VC的分子机制仍未完全阐明,缺乏有效的治疗方法,因此需要寻找新的治疗靶标。随着分子生物学分析技术的发展,非编码RNA成为一个重要的研究热点。据报道,它能在促VC因素的刺激下,调节成骨基因或者成骨抑制基因表达,或者调节自噬、衰老等过程来调控VC。这篇综述主要总结非编码RNA(微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA)在VC中的研究进展。     

长链非编码RNA与肝病关系的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lnc RNA)是指一类转录长度超过200个核苷酸的非蛋白质编码RNA,以RNA形式在表观遗传学,转录及转录后等多种水平调控基因表达,在疾病的病理生理过程中起着重要的调节作用,具有极复杂的生物学功能.越来越多的研究显示原发性肝癌,肝炎等肝脏疾病中有多种lnc RNA表达水平发生了变化.本文主要就几个常见的与肝病相关的lnc RNA的特征及其在肝病中的功能进行阐述.     

Epigenetic aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: contribution of non-coding RNAs

Since microRNA was discovered in the late 1990s the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of cellular processes has been confirmed. Intensive researches have revealed a number of subtypes of non-coding RNA. It has been proved that these molecules can influence each step of the development of cells and tissues. Moreover, researchers have found their expression change during disease development.In this article, we gathered the current results on the contribution of microRNA and long non-coding RNA in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and their potential use in rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Although the present stage of studies on this matter is still very early, many studies have confirmed non-coding RNAs’ involvement in rheumatoid arthritis development. We showed ncRNAs changes in various tissues or cell lines of RA in humans or in animal models of RA. We tried to present possible mechanisms causing respective modifications of ncRNAs expression. There are some propositions to use some of them as markers of rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, very advanced techniques of drug preparation are proposed to influence the microRNA or lncRNA pathways to inhibit inflammation in RA patients. None of them are now at the trial stage, but some are very promising.     

MicroRNA与肝脏疾病关系的研究

微小RNA（miRNA）参与调节生物体的生长、发育等多个环节,与多种疾病的发生、发展有关。多种miRNA的表型改变和表达异常可正向或负向调控其靶基因的表达,参与各种肝脏疾病的发生、发展过程。本文对miRNA与肝脏疾病关系的研究进行概述。     

Circulating RNAs as new biomarkers for detecting pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains difficult to treat and has a high mortality rate. It is difficult to diagnose early, mainly due to the lack of screening imaging modalities and specific biomarkers. Consequently, it is important to develop biomarkers that enable the detection of early stage tumors. Emerging evidence is accumulating that tumor cells release substantial amounts of RNA into the bloodstream that strongly resist RNases in the blood and are present at sufficient levels for quantitative analyses. These circulating RNAs are upregulated in the serum and plasma of cancer patients, including those with pancreatic cancer, compared with healthy controls. The majority of RNA biomarker studies have assessed circulating microRNAs (miRs), which are often tissue-specific. There are few reports of the tumor-specific upregulation of other types of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as small nucleolar RNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as HOTAIR and MALAT1, in the serum/plasma of pancreatic cancer patients have also been reported as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Among tissue-derived RNAs, some miRs show increased expression even in pre-cancerous tissues, and their expression profiles may allow for the discrimination between a chronic inflammatory state and carcinoma. Additionally, some miRs and lncRNAs have been reported with significant alterations in expression according to disease progression, and they may thus represent potential candidate diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers that may be used to evaluate patients once detection methods in peripheral blood are well established. Furthermore, recent innovations in high-throughput sequencing techniques have enabled the discovery of unannotated tumor-associated ncRNAs and tumor-specific alternative splicing as novel and specific biomarkers of cancers. Although much work is required to clarify the release mechanism, origin of tumor-specific circulating RNAs, and selectivity of carrier complexes, and technical advances must also be achieved, such as creating a consensus normalization protocol for quantitative data analysis, circulating RNAs are largely unexplored and might represent novel clinical biomarkers.     

胶囊内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的应用

目的了解胶囊内镜在消化道疾病，特别是对小肠疾病中的临床诊断应用价值。方法2004年2月至2006年2月间，应用GIVEN公司产M2A胶囊内镜检查74例，其中53例患者（分为不明原因消化道出血30例，反复发作腹痛、腹泻患者23例）经过胃镜和结肠镜检查，41例未发现可解释疾病的阳性结果，12例有胃黏膜的慢性炎症、息肉或结肠息肉；21例为健康体检者。结果0例不明原因出血的患者中，小肠病变诊断的阳性率为76．7％（23／30），其中小肠克罗恩病5例，小肠血管畸型6例，小肠黏膜糜烂11例和小肠息肉样隆起5例，其中3例经过手术证实为小肠肿瘤，1例为罕见的Cronkhite-Canada综合征，另有小肠憩室1例；持续腹痛、腹泻组的23例患者中，小肠病变诊断的阳性率为65．2％（15／23），其中小肠黏膜糜烂8例、回肠末端多发小溃疡7例，小肠多发息肉5例；21例健康查体者中有1例可见小肠多发细小的息肉样隆起，2例为小肠黏膜的炎症，8例为胃黏膜炎症，其余10例未见任何异常。疑诊小肠疾病的53例患者小肠病变的诊断阳性率为71．7％（38／53），胶囊内镜对出血组患者小肠黏膜病变诊断阳性率高于腹痛组，但差异无统计学意义；出血组患者胶囊在胃排空时间、小肠通过时间和排出体外时间均明显少于查体组。结论胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断阳性率高，而且安全无痛苦，具有较好的临床应用价值，尤其适用于不明原因的消化道出血患者。     

Therapeutic potential of small interfering RNAs/micro interfering RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective, especially for the advanced forms of the disease. In the last year, short double stranded RNA molecules termed small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro interfering RNAs (miRNA), emerged as interesting molecules with potential therapeutic value for HCC. The practical use of these molecules is however limited by the identification of optimal molecular targets and especially by the lack of effective and targeted HCC delivery systems. Here we focus our discussion on the most recent advances in the identification of siRNAs/miRNAs molecular targets and on the development of suitable siRNA/miRNAs delivery systems.     

RNA干扰在疾病治疗中的研究及应用进展

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指由双链RNA(dsRNA)所诱发的转录后水平上的基因沉默.RNAi通过小干扰RNA(siRNA)、重复相关siRNA(rasiRNA)和微小RNA(miRNA)而产生.由于RNAi对靶基因沉默作用的高度特异性和高效性,因此近年来RNAi用于肿瘤性疾病、感染性疾病、神经系统疾病等疾病的治疗研究是一个热点.虽然目前已有部分RNAi药物进入临床试验阶段,但是绝大部分的研究尚处于实验阶段,RNAi在临床上的实际应用尚需时日.     

共聚焦内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的应用

共聚焦内镜是一种新的内镜成像技术,在做内镜检查的同时,即可通过点扫描激光分析获得消化道上皮高度放大的图像,不需活检和组织病理检查,就可获得组织学诊断。此文主要通过介绍该内镜技术及其所能诊断的疾病谱,来说明其在消化道疾病尤其是消化道早期肿瘤及癌前期病变的诊断和监测中的独特价值。     

非编码RNA在先天性心脏病中的研究进展

先天性心脏病是心血管结构及心电传导系统先天性畸形疾病的总称,是常见并且严重的出生畸形。随着最新分子生物学及遗传生物学的深入研究,越来越多的证据表明 非编码RNA 与先天性心脏病的发生、发展相关。本文将就目前国内、外非编码RNA 与先天性心脏病的关系的研究进展进行综述。