新疆阿勒泰福海金塔斯山地草原类草地自然保护区草地资源特征及其分布

研究新疆福海金塔斯山地草原类草地自然保护区草地资源特征及其分布,以期为保护区的科学管理对策的制定及有效保护提供数据支撑.利用"3S"技术手段结合野外实地调查,对福海金塔斯山地草原类草地自然保护区进行草地资源调查.结果表明保护区内有草地面积14554.48 hm2,占保护区总面积的94.83％,主要草原类型为温性草甸草原类和温性草原类,其面积分别为1643.47 hm2和12911.01 hm2,共有2个草地亚类、5个草地组、10个草地型.97％的草地均有金丝桃叶绣线菊分布,小莎草组草地类型仅占3％.     

对新疆草原植被遥感工作的思考

目的:借鉴关于草原资源遥感技术研究的文献资料,进一步得知调查草原植被最有效的光谱波段,了解各种遥感影像在新疆草原植被调查中的实用价值。方法:在草原资源遥感的常用方法中,对植被指数和其他指数法进行对比和分析,初步懂得了各种指数在草原植被遥感中的应用价值和范围。结果:了解到对草原植被遥感的应用包括草原植被的盖度测定、生物量估测、草地退化定位等。这些决定草原生态活力的指标都可以通过遥感技术来获得。前景:在现代科技发展的迅猛势头下,自然资源,特别是草原植被遥感的发展将从单一的卫星图像分析结合实地调查渐渐转变为动态预报。     

新疆尉犁县基本草原划定研究

本文以尉犁县草原为调查研究对象,通过询问调查与野外实地调查相结合,收集尉犁县1:5万和1:10万地形图、遥感影像图、行政区划图、土地利用现状图、土地总体规划图、基本农田划定图件或档案、国家林地、灌木林地与大型公益林项目,及其他涉及绘制基本草原的资源数据资料等一系列涉及草地利用方面的资料。运用ENVI、ARCGIS和Map Info等绘图软件对各类界线进行矢量化,结合遥感影像和80年代草地类型分布图解译判定基本草原范围,然后将所得数据进行分析并计算面积。     

卫星遥感影像中草地信息自动提取方法的研究

采用遥感图像处理ERDAS IMAGINE软件和ETM资料,进行了乌恰县草地信息自动提取技术研究.结果证明,选择7-8月时相,ETM432和543波段合成,经几何校正和增强处理,通过交互的非监督分类提取草地信息,结合非遥感资料辅助以及专家知识参与可以获得比较满意的结果.     

特克斯县山地草原经营性分区及利用的对策

新疆特克斯县草地资源丰富多样,植物区系复杂,草原类型多,草地类型分布较集中.通过GEF项目的草地资源调查,利用SWOT分析方法客观的剖析畜牧业生产对草地资源的利用现状及存在的主要问题,并从生态环境、草地开发利用和畜牧业发展的角度,提出草地资源经营性划区利用的对策.     

巴音布鲁克草原退化梯度分析

本文以巴音布鲁克大、小尤尔都斯盆地的高寒草原草地为对象,测定植物群落的盖度、高度、密度、多度、产量,并结合2004年ETM遥感影像,研究了不同退化等级的草原植被特征变化情况,确定草地退化等级判定标准。结果表示,以紫花针茅优势度为主,可将巴音布鲁克草地划分为轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化三个等级。在轻度退化草地,紫花针茅优势度在0.6以上,总盖度在50%以上;中度退化草地中,紫花针茅优势度为0.3～0.6,总盖度为30%～50%;而重度退化草地中,紫花针茅优势度为0.3以下,总盖度小于30%。     

补播对退化草地植物群落特征和土壤养分影响的研究进展

天然草地因过度放牧、气候变化等人为和自然因素的协同影响导致退化严重,生态系统生产和生态功能下降,严重阻碍当地畜牧业的发展,亟需寻求良策改善和修复退化草地.补播技术具有投资少、见效快的特点而在近年来广泛实施.然而现阶段在退化草地上的补播技术仍不成熟,且补播对草地群落特征和土壤养分的影响仍存在较大的差异,因此需要对目前研究结果进一步梳理和总结.本文从补播技术角度出发,阐述退化草地补播地段、草种选择、播种量和播种时期的选择,并明确了补播对草地群落数量特征、植物多样性影响规律,明晰了土壤理化性质和微生物群落特征对补播的响应规律,进而提出今后研究方向和生产上需要注意的相关问题.     

新疆托里县天然草地资源现状及其评价

托里县是新疆塔城地区重要的牧业大县,由于畜牧业生产经营方式的不合理,使自然环境被严重破坏,天然草地载超过牧,草地资源状况恶性循环。为了合理的利用和保护现有的草地资源,2006-2007年开展了托里县草地资源调查,对调查区域的草地资源进行综合分析,并提出今后合理利用草地资源的建议,为托里县今后畜牧业可持续发展提供科学依据...     

2016年～2020年新源县不同草地类草原载畜量的变化及经济效益分析

为掌握新源县不同草地类草地的合理载畜量和经济价值,落实草畜平衡措施,2016年至2020年,连续5年对新源县的8个草地类草地进行野外地面调查,并结合室内分析,探讨8个草地类草地的地上生物量、载畜量和产生的经济效益,结果表明:新源县8类草地的鲜草产量和合理载畜量差异较大,温性草甸草原类、山地草甸类草地的鲜草产量、合理载畜量居于前列,载畜能力强,温性荒漠草原类、温性荒漠类草地的鲜草产量、合理载畜量低,承载能力弱.山地草甸类草地面积大、合理载畜量高,产生的经济效益最高.温性荒漠草原类和温性荒漠类草地产草量低、载畜能力弱、经济效益低,但生态价值不容忽视,且修复难度大,建议通过发展人工草地进行土地置换,减少利用,促进其自然恢复,提高可持续发展能力和生态功能.     

地中海贫血的影像学研究进展

地中海贫血（TM）是一种常见的珠蛋白基因缺失或突变引起的遗传性溶血性贫血。X线、CT与常规MRI有助于诊断及评估TM骨骼病变及髓外造血。基于MRI的T₂*定量分析技术、扩散加权成像及磁敏感加权成像可对比分析TM多脏器铁沉积水平。磁共振波谱成像及功能MRI可进一步研究TM神经认知方面的代谢改变及脑区功能连接。就上述各种影像方法在TM骨骼病变、髓外造血、铁沉积及继发脑认知功能改变中的研究进展予以综述。     

The influence of fitness and body weight on preferred exercise intensity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the individual and combined effects of aerobic fitness and body weight on physiological responses, perceived exertion, and speed variables during self-selected steady-state treadmill (TM) walking in 60 healthy college-age women. METHODS: The women were placed into one of four categories based on body mass index (BMI) and fitness level, assessed by a graded TM test. Subjects walked continuously on a TM at a self-selected pace for 15 min at a 2.5% grade. The dependent variables were oxygen uptake (VO(2)), HR, percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), percentage of HRmax (%HRmax), RPE for the overall body, TM belt speed, and total energy expenditure (EE). RESULTS: There were no significant interactions or body weight main effects for any of the dependent variables. However, lower-fitness subjects walked at a TM speed that resulted in a higher (P < 0.0005) VO(2max) (52.4 vs 39.56) than the higher-fitness subjects. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that fitness, and not body weight, influences preferred exercise intensity as measured by VO(2max) during TM walking in college-age women. The self-selected walking speed did not result in an intensity, as determined by VO(2max), that is consistent with the enhancement of cardiorespiratory fitness for higher-fitness women regardless of body weight.     

The incidence and significance of testicular microlithiasis in a subfertile population

The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of testicular microlithiasis (TM) in infertile men who underwent testicular ultrasound and to determine any causative or associated factors. The case notes of 159 consecutive patients who were referred for testicular ultrasound in the investigation of male factor infertility were reviewed. Microcalcification was found in 10 cases (6.2%). This was unilateral in all cases and six patients had clinical evidence of a varicocele. Five cases had minimal calcification and five had marked TM. On patient had a past history of testicular maldescent and another of testicular torsion. Sperm function (as assessed by sperm count, motility and the sperm migration test) was variable within the 10 patients and there was no correlation with hormone profiles or testicular size. There was a statistical difference between a number of investigations in those patients with minimal degrees of calcification and those with TM (sperm migration test (SMT), namely sperm migration and sperm motility (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test)). The results showed a higher than expected incidence of TM. Patients with marked TM seemed to have poorer sperm function than those with minimal calcification. There was a high incidence of co-existing pathology, for instance scrotal varicocele and cryptorchidism, although the numbers in this study were small and further studies need to be carried out to determine the exact nature and significance of this condition.     

The Influence of CA 125 and CEA Levels on the Results of 18F-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Suspected Recurrence of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The follow-up of epithelial ovarian cancer (OCA) consists of clinical investigation, sonography, and tumor markers (TMs), especially CA 125. If tumor recurrence is suspected, other imaging modalities including positron emission tomography (PET) with (18)F-deoxyglucose (FDG) are often used. While there is still no consensus about the method of choice and the timing of its application, this study aims to find a TM threshold at which a PET would be appropriate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 90 PET studies and the associated CA 125 values (normal value < 35 U/ml) were available in 71 patients during the follow-up after primary therapy for OCA. In 48 studies a CEA value (normal value < 3 ng/ml) was also available. The results of PET imaging were related to the level of TM increase. RESULTS: In 23/90 studies the PET scan was normal. These patients had a median CA 125 of 13.3 U/ml (range 4.2-168 U/ml). In 67/90 studies the PET indicated a potential recurrence of OCA and the median CA 125 was 166.7 U/ml (range 13.3-4,060 U/ml). The TM levels were significantly different (p < 0.001, U-test). With one exception, there were no normal PET scans above CA 125 levels of 30 U/ml; between 20 and 30 U/ml PET was positive in 4/7 studies. CONCLUSION: In suspected recurrence of OCA, if imaging modalities are to be used, an FDG PET may be considered. Since the costs of this investigation are high, it should be restricted to clinical situations where it is likely to be most effective. In this study a PET indication is worthwhile at CA 125 levels of approximately 30 U/ml.     

Quantification of DNA damage in patients undergoing non-contrast and contrast enhanced whole body PET/CT investigations using comet assay and micronucleus assay

Abstract

Objective: To quantify DNA damage in patients undergoing non-contrast and contrast-enhanced ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (WB PET/CT) investigations using comet assay technique and micronucleus assay, and to study the effect of other baseline parameters of patients on DNA damage.

Methodology: Eighty-four patients referred for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT investigation were included in the study of which 44 patients underwent contrast-enhanced WB PET/CT and 40 patients underwent non-contrast WB PET/CT investigations. The investigations were performed on Discovery 690 PET/CT. For contrast-enhanced investigation, Omnipaque300 was injected intravenously based on the patient body weight. Absorbed dose resulting from the intravenous administration of ¹⁸F-FDG was estimated using the ICRP 106 dose coefficients. Radiation dose from the acquisition of CT scans was estimated using CT dose index and dose-length product. Blood samples were collected from the patients for DNA damage analysis. Comet assay and MN assay was used to assess the DNA damage. The Differences in the comet TM (Tail Moment) and MNBC % in both groups were calculated.

Result: The radiation dose received by the study population during ¹⁸F-FDG WB PET/CT examination was 27.03?±?2.33 mSv. Comet TM and percentage frequency of MNBC % was 65.22?±?35.42 and 18.55?±?10.14, respectively in the patients injected with contrast and 42.49?±?28.52 and 13.76?±?7.52 for non-contrast group. Significant increase in DNA damage was observed in the contrast group as compared to non-contrast group. Significant association was observed between patient weight, contrast volume and TM and MNBC%. Baseline parameters of the patients did not show significant correlation with TM and MNBC%.

Conclusion: The patients undergoing contrast-enhanced WB PET/CT investigations have demonstrated higher DNA damage. The DNA damage was also observed to be more in heavier patients. The other baseline parameters of patients like age, sex, CBG, serum creatinine did not show any correlation with DNA damage.     

急性心肌梗死血栓调节蛋白改变与超敏肌钙蛋白T的相关性

 目的 观察急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者血栓调节蛋白(thrombomodulin, TM)的变化与超敏肌钙蛋白T(hypersensitivity troponin T, hsTnT)的相关性。方法 采用病例对照研究方法,选择符合入选标准的AMI患者(AMI组)和健康人(对照组)各30例(名),采集血液标本,采用酶联免疫检测法检测TM的浓度,利用SPSS统计软件进行数据分析。结果 AMI组TM、肌酐(简称Cr)及TM/Cr均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TM与hsTnT呈正相关(r=0.524, P<0.05),TM/Cr与hsTnT呈正相关(r=0.725,P<0.05)。结论 AMI患者TM明显增加,TM与hsTnT呈正相关,且TM/Cr可做为诊断急性心肌梗死的指标。     

高频超声对睾丸微石症与睾丸肿瘤间的关系初步探讨

目的探讨睾丸微石症与睾丸肿瘤的关系。方法回顾分析2003年1月～2011年12月我院门诊及住院12956例患者的阴囊超声检查资料。参考国外的标准对睾丸微石症(TM)进行分级,将其分为局限型TM(LTM)和典型的TM(CTM),其中又将CTM分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级。结果①所有患者中共检出睾丸微石症277例,检出率2.14%(277/12956);单侧病变34例(占12.3%),双侧病变243例(87.7%)。LTM有62例(22.4%),CTM型中Ⅰ级92例(33.2%),Ⅱ级68例(24.5%),Ⅲ级55例(19.9%);②检出睾丸肿瘤52例,检出率0.40%(52/12956)。277例睾丸微石症患者中合并睾丸肿瘤19例,发生率6.9%(19/277),而在12679例无睾丸微石症者中仅33例合并睾丸肿瘤,发生率0.3%(33/12679),睾丸微石症患者的睾丸肿瘤发生率明星高于无微石症者(P<0.01)。但不同级别睾丸微石症的睾丸肿瘤发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论睾丸微石症与睾丸肿瘤的发生具有一定的相关性,但不同级别睾丸微石症的睾丸肿瘤发生率无差异。     

Does testicular microlithiasis matter? A review

Radiologists who regularly undertake ultrasound of the testes will occasionally encounter testicular microlithiasis (TM). Currently, the management of a patient with TM is a conundrum for clinician and radiologist alike: there are reported associations between TM and primary testicular malignancy and infertility. However, there is no consensus on the appropriate follow-up (clinical, radiological or otherwise) of patients with TM. Furthermore, it is not clear whether the incidence of de novotumours is increased in patients with pre-existing TM. Similarly, there is limited evidence to support the association with infertility. Not surprisingly, algorithms for the follow-up of patients with TM on ultrasound have been difficult to formulate.     

碱性单细胞凝胶电泳技术用于淋巴细胞辐射生物剂量估算初探

目的 初步探索碱性单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）方法用于电离辐射生物剂量估算的可行性.方法 不同剂量水平（0～5 Gy）的60Co γ射线照射正常人外周血,用碱性SCGE分析淋巴细胞“彗星”尾长和尾矩,建立各自的剂量-效应曲线.收集某基地放射工作从业人员的外周血进行碱性SCGE分析,并估算受照剂量,与监测物理剂量相比较.结果 淋巴细胞“彗星”尾长和尾矩均随着照射剂量的增加而增加,其剂量-效应曲线均为线性平方模式.以“彗星”尾长为指标的剂量-效应曲线方程为Y=13.59＋20.87X-2.27X^2,以尾矩为指标的曲线方程为Y=8.50＋15.04X-1.43X^2.参照上述方程,以尾矩为指标估算放射工作从业人员的剂量更接近实际受照剂量.结论 用碱性SCGE分析淋巴细胞“彗星”尾矩有希望成为电离辐射生物剂量计.     

Metabolic responses to prolonged work during treadmill and water immersion running

The primary aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses to prolonged treadmill (TM) and water immersion to the neck (WI) running at threshold intensity. Ten endurance runners performed TM and WI running VO2max tests. Subjects completed submaximal performance tests at ventilatory threshold (Tvent) intensities under TM and WI conditions and responses at 15 and 42 minutes examined. VO2 was lower in WI (p<0.05) at maximal effort and Tvent. The Tvent VO2 intensities interpolated from the TM and WI VO2max tests were performed in both TM (i.e., TM@TM(tvent),TM@WI(tvent), corresponding to 77.6 and 71.3% respectively of TM VO2max) and WI conditions (i.e., WI@TM(tvent), WI@WI(tvent), corresponding to 85.5% and 78.2% respectively of WI VO2max). Each of the dependent variables was analyzed using a 3-way repeated measures ANOVA (2 conditions X 2 exercise intensities X 7 time points during exercise). VO2max values were significantly lower in the WI (52.4(5.1) ml.kg(-1) min(-1)) versus TM (59.7(6.5) ml.kg(-1) min(-1)) condition. VO2 during submaximal tests were similar during the TM and WI conditions. HR and [BLa] responses to exercise at and above WI(tvent) were similar during short-term exercise, but values tended to be lower during prolonged exercise in the WI condition. There were no statistical differences in VE responses in the 2 conditions, however as with HR and [BLa] an upward trend was noted with TM exercise over the 42 minute duration of the tests. RPE at WI(tvent) was similar for TM and WI exercise sessions, however, RPE at TM(tvent) was higher during WI compared to TM running. Cardiovascular drift was observed during prolonged TM but not WI running. Results suggest differences in metabolic responses to prolonged submaximal exercise in WI, however it can be used effectively for cross training.