The Avalon Gardens Men's Association: A Community Health Psychology Case Study

This article follows the development and progress of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development's 'Healthy and Safe Communities' initiative as it was implemented by a community empowerment organization during a four-year community revitalization project in the aftermath of the Los Angeles riots. The author explores practical aspects of Community Health Psychology through assessing the ways in which its organizing principles were manifest in community-wide processes of individual and community change in one low-income housing project in South Central Los Angeles called Avalon Gardens. Specifically highlighted is how a group of African American and Latino men in the community created a group forum that helped foster, support and sustain an empowerment process that supported health promotion, health consciousness and significant health improvement in the community.     

Men's Perceived Health Needs

Cross-sectional survey data describing health priorities and needs perceived by men and women living in Newcastle, Australia are compared and contrasted with national health policies. The highest prevalence of felt needs for men were stress (13 percent), cost of medical care (10 percent) and money problems (9 percent); while stress (16 percent), overweight (16 percent) and money problems (15 percent) were highest for women. These contrast with the 2000 National Health Priorities of cancer, mental health, injury, cardiovascular health, diabetes and asthma. We conclude that men's perceived unmet health needs are similar to those of women; while sharing some commonalities, they also differ from health professional priorities. Incorporating felt needs into health service planning and delivery is a critical unmet challenge for government planners.     

Testosterone and Men's Health

Medical and behavioral research depicts the influence of testosterone on health in opposite ways, the former finding beneficial effects and the latter potentially detrimental ones. We investigate the relationship between testosterone and health risk behavior, indicators of disease, and overall health in a sample of 4393 men who were interviewed and medically examined. Analysis revealed that having a high level of testosterone, compared to a low level, increased the odds of health risk behavior. With respect to disease, high testosterone increased the odds of some health problems but decreased the chances of others. At very high levels testosterone loses many of its beneficial effects. Overall, men with high testosterone would be healthier if they did not engage in health risk behavior.     

Preventive Care in the Context of Men's Health

This study assessed the effectiveness of a health intervention, in diabetes education and risk assessment, to motivate men to take positive action, within the framework of the Health Belief Model. The worksite-based intervention targeted 525 men aged between 40 and 65 years from 27 organizations in the south-west of Western Australia in 1999/2000. Men identified as high risk were referred to their general practitioner. The adopted strategy had a number of strengths, namely that the health risk assessment was topic-specific, personalized, conducted on the worksite and combined with an educational component and a medical follow-up. The focus groups component of the study gave further understanding as to why the adopted strategy had been appropriate for men's needs.     

Effective Decision-making: A Negotiation Perspective for Health Psychology and Health Communication

This article examines the critical role of communication and interpersonal negotiation in provider/consumer relations. Only through the use of strategic and competent communication can providers and consumers work cooperatively to make effective health-care decisions. A conflict resolution/shared negotiation model is presented to illustrate how communication can facilitate cooperative decision- making in health care. The model emphasizes cooperation, trust and mutual adaptation between providers and consumers. A case study is then presented to illustrate further the model and cooperative health-care decision-making processes.     

广州市区男同性恋者性别角色与精神健康状况

目的:了解男同性恋人群性别角色与精神健康的关系。方法:采用同伴推动抽样法收集男同性恋样本,调查采用自填问卷一对一的方式进行。按年龄、性别和受教育程度1:1配对对照组,最终收回有效样本420对。结果:χ~2检验结果显示,男同性恋组与对照组在生活满意度、耻辱感、自尊感、社会支持、男性化、女性化、现在是否有固定伴侣、过去6个月内是否有过临时伴侣、过去12个月是否有性病史、抑郁、焦虑、应激、亲密关系暴力、自杀意念等各项指标差异均有统计学意义;420名男同性恋者当中,抑郁、焦虑、应激水平较高,29.3%在过去1年内有过自杀的想法,36.5%遭遇过亲密关系暴力。控制了其他变量后,性别角色是男同性恋者抑郁、焦虑、应激、自杀及遭遇亲密关系暴力的危险因素。结论:性别角色是男同性恋人群精神健康的一个重要影响因素,在进行心理危机干预过程中有必要考虑其性别角色。     

Health Psychology 2000:The Development of Professional Health Psychology: European Federation of Professional Psychologists' Associations (EFPPA) Task Force on Health Psychology Final Report

This Final Report of the European Federation of Professional Psychologists' Associations (EFPPA) Task Force on Health Psychology defines the nature and scope of health psychology and its possible future development to the year 2000 and beyond. Training needs and objectives are specified for professional health psychologists working in Europe. Practical and policy implications of medical progress and societal changes are discussed. The future development of health psychology as a profession depends on putting theory and policy into practice through the implementation of high quality training. Currently there are relatively few European countries where this has yet happened. Training programmes need to be introduced in all European countries within the framework of each member- country's national laws, regulations and practices.     

健康心理学研究与数据挖掘

本文首先介绍了数据挖掘 ( Data Mining,DM)的基本概念和处理过程 ,然后对数据挖掘这一新兴数据分析技术进行了综述 ,最后对怎样利用 DM进行健康心理学研究作了初步设想。     

Seroepidemiology of new AIDS-associated adenoviruses among the San Francisco Men's Health Study

A seroprevalence survey to recently proposed adenovirus (AV) serotypes AV 48 and AV 49, isolated primarily from AIDS patients, was conducted among the San Francisco Men's Health Study cohort. This cohort of homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual HIV-seronegative and -seropositive men from selected San Francisco census tracts has been studied since 1984. The presence or absence of type-specific antibody in 628 serum specimens from 1989 was determined by micro-neutralization. Thirty of these subjects (26 positive and four negative) were studied longitudinally. Serum specimens taken at 6-month intervals from 1984 to 1993 were tested to characterize antibody response and to document the advent of these new serotypes. Eight subjects were tested against five other AV serotypes for comparison. AV 48 and AV 49 seroprevalence rates were significantly higher in HIV-seropositives, but infection was not limited to the immunocompromised. Sexual preference was not a significant determinant for AV seroprevalence in HIV-seronegatives. However, the extent and duration of the neutralizing antibody response was strikingly different between homosexuals and heterosexuals: an endemic pattern of continuous reexposure over the 9-year period was seen in 90% of 19 homosexuals, while five of six heterosexuals (83%) had an episodic pattern of exposure with antibody decline to undetectable levels. These data suggest that these viruses may be endemic in some part of the homosexual population and that sexual transmission may be the primary source of continuous reexposure. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

老子健康心理思想研究

本文探索老子的健康心理思想对中国人保持心理健康及心理健康的本土化的意义,概括了老子健康心理思想主要包括4个方面,既老子健康心理的哲学基础、健康心理的基本观点、如何保持心理健康以及心理问题的预防和调适等。     

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Web-Based Positive Psychology Program for Youth Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background

Youth mental health is a significant public health concern due to the high prevalence of mental health problems in this population and the low rate of those affected seeking help. While it is increasingly recognized that prevention is better than cure, most youth prevention programs have utilized interventions based on clinical treatments (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy) with inconsistent results.

Objective

This study explores the feasibility of the online delivery of a youth positive psychology program, Bite Back, to improve the well-being and mental health outcomes of Australian youth. Further aims were to examine rates of adherence and attrition, and to investigate the program’s acceptability.

Methods

Participants (N=235) aged 12-18 years were randomly assigned to either of two conditions: Bite Back (n=120) or control websites (n=115). The Bite Back website comprised interactive exercises and information across a variety of positive psychology domains; the control condition was assigned to neutral entertainment-based websites that contained no psychology information. Participants in both groups were instructed to use their allocated website for 6 consecutive weeks. Participants were assessed pre- and postintervention on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-Short form (DASS-21) and the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS).

Results

Of the 235 randomized participants, 154 (65.5%) completed baseline and post measures after 6 weeks. Completers and dropouts were equivalent in demographics, the SWEMWBS, and the depression and anxiety subscales of the DASS-21, but dropouts reported significantly higher levels of stress than completers. There were no differences between the Bite Back and control conditions at baseline on demographic variables, DASS-21, or SWEMWBS scores. Qualitative data indicated that 49 of 61 Bite Back users (79%) reported positive experiences using the website and 55 (89%) agreed they would continue to use it after study completion. Compared to the control condition, participants in the Bite Back condition with high levels of adherence (usage of the website for 30 minutes or more per week) reported significant decreases in depression and stress and improvements in well-being. Bite Back users who visited the site more frequently (≥3 times per week) reported significant decreases in depression and anxiety and improvements in well-being. No significant improvements were found among Bite Back users who demonstrated low levels of adherence or who used the website less frequently.

Conclusions

Results suggest that using an online positive psychology program can decrease symptoms of psychopathology and increase well-being in young people, especially for those who use the website for 30 minutes or longer per week or more frequently (≥3 times per week). Acceptability of the Bite Back website was high. These findings are encouraging and suggest that the online delivery of positive psychology programs may be an alternate way to address mental health issues and improve youth well-being nationally.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN1261200057831; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=362489 (Archived by Webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/6NXmjwfAy).     

健康心理学研究的多元解析方法

本文从对以往文献的研究方法分析出发,提出了健康心理学较新的研究方法,如过程分析,探索性因素分析,验证性因素分析,协方差结构模式和路径分析等多元统计解析方法,这些方法可以充分有效地利用量表所筹集上来的信息,逐步实现对理论模型的构建,使 多散乱的项目数据浓缩成简明概括的模型,从而使研究能向深度发展,增进研究的学术水平.     

'The Problem with Men': Working-class Men Making Sense of Men's Health on Television

Men have higher rates of premature death than women, and may arguably have higher rates of serious illness. One explanation often suggested to account for this is that men are considered to be stoical about illness and reluctant to seek help for it. This article explores the role of media representations in the construction of men's views about health. We investigate how a small group of lower socio-economic status men make sense of the reluctance to seek help notion through an analysis of texts from three sources: a television health documentary, individual interviews with the men and a focus group discussion in which the men discuss the documentary. The television documentary frames its presentation to promote early detection and help-seeking. We conclude that televised coverage of men's health is an important site of social discourse through which men's health is rendered meaningful. However, it is not accepted passively, but negotiated, resisted and interpreted into men's lives.