恒康正清在肠道准备中应用的观察报告

目的 探讨口服肠道准备药物恒康正清在肠道准备应用的可行性和护理要点，为临床提供一种满意的肠道准备方法。方法 157例大肠癌病人，随机分为A、B两组，A组（恒康正清组）79例，B组（蓖麻油组）78例，分别在术前进行肠道准备，在手术中观察肠道清洁情况，术后切口感染率、肠道吻合口瘘发生率的发生情况，比较恒康正清和蓖麻油在肠道准备的治疗效果。结果 恒康正清组和蓖麻油组肠道清洁度情况有统计学差异，A组肠道准备符合要求率（Ⅰ级＋Ⅱ级）为96．2％，与B组相比其满意率（Ⅰ级）和比较满意率（Ⅰ级＋Ⅱ级）显著增高（Ⅰ级：P〈0．01；Ⅰ级＋Ⅱ级：P〈0．01）。手术后切口感染例数和肠道吻合口漏的发生例数A组明显少于B组。结论 口服恒康正清行肠道准备可达到清洁肠道的目的，是一种较好的肠道准备方法。     

利多卡因预防异丙酚静脉注射痛

目的：探讨得眵卡因预防异丙酚静注注射痛的最佳剂量。方法：１２０例ＡＳＡⅠ－Ⅱ有择期手术患者，随机分为例数相等的四组，Ｉ组：异丙酚；Ⅱ组；异丙酚＋利多卡因０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ；Ⅲ组：异丙酚＋利多卡因０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ；Ⅳ组：异丙酚＋利多卡因０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。异丙酚的用量均为２．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果：Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组异丙酚静脉注射痛的发生率明显低于Ⅰ组，而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间异丙酚静脉注射痛的发生率无显著性差异。结论：     

法乐四联症小儿静脉全麻诱导的对比观察

目的：寻求对法乐四联症小儿麻醉诱导的最佳方法。方法：将６０例四联症小儿按诱导用药不同分为四组（每组１５例），对比观察诱导前及其后１、３、１０及１５ｍｉｎ的ＳＰＯ２、ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ、ＲＰＰ及ＥＣＧ变化。Ⅰ组用硫喷妥钠（４ｍｇ／ｋｇ），Ⅱ组氯胺酮（１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ），Ⅲ组咪唑安定（０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ），Ⅳ组硫喷妥钠（４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）加羟丁酸钠（６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）。结果：Ⅳ组不仅血流动力稳定且ＳＰＯ２值增加迅速而显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：羟丁酸钠可改善心肌对缺氧的耐力，故更为可取     

便秘患者肠道准备护理干预效果观察

目的：探讨护理干预对便秘患者肠道准备效果的影响。方法：120例于我院行结肠镜检查的便秘患者，根据人组时间分为三组，进行肠道清洁准备，比较三组患者肠道清洁效果、不良反应。结果：两干预组肠道清洁效果明显好于传统组堋艮药后不良反应明显低于传统组，差异均有统计学差异（P〈0．01）；两干预组肠道清洁效果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.95）。结论：护理干预用于便秘患者肠道准备能提高肠道的清洁效果，降低不良反应。     

西沙比利治疗老年慢性功能性便秘40例临床疗效观察

目的：观察西沙比利对老年人慢性功能性便秘的疗效。方法：选择40例临床诊断为慢性功能性便秘的患者，应用西沙比利片10mg．每日三次．餐前服药，疗程28d。结果：总有效率为90％。结论：西沙比利是治疗老年慢性功能性便秘安全有效的药物。     

妇科手术前肠道准备清洁效果的临床研究

目的：观察蓖麻油＋洗肠散用于妇科手术前肠道准备清洁的效果。方法：将150例需肠道准备清洁的妇科手术患者随机分为观察组、对照A组和对照B组。观察组术前口服蓖麻油＋洗肠散,对照A组口服20%甘露醇注射液,对照B组口服番泻叶。观察并比较三组患者的排便次数、术后排气时间和肠道清洁度及其不良反应等情况。结果：观察组总有效率与对照A、B组总有效率比较无显著性差异,但观察组优秀率明显高于对照A、B组（P〈0.05）。观察组排便次数和术后排气时间与对照A、B组比较,差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。观察组未发现明显不良反应。结论：蓖麻油＋洗肠散用于妇科手术前肠道准备,能提高肠道清洁度,不良反应少,患者耐受性好,提高了护理工作效率。     

硬膜外腔吗啡和电针对术后病人T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的：观察吗啡和电针对术后病人免疫功能的影响。方法：研究共分４组：正常对照组１０例（Ａ组）；将１８例Ａ．Ｓ．ＡⅠ￣Ⅱ级择期行单纯胆囊切除秫后病人随机分为手术组（Ｂ组），吗啡组（Ｃ组）和吗啡伍用电针组（Ｄ组）。分别于术后第１、３、７ｄ观察吗啡和电针对Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群表达能力的变化。结果：Ｂ组在手术后第１ｄ，ＣＤ３＾＋和ＣＤ４＾＋的表达能力有显著抑制（Ｐ〈０．０５）；Ｃ组在硬膜外腔注射吗啡１ｍｇ后，ＣＤ     

三种方法清洁肠道效果观察

将行纤维结肠镜检查的门诊及住院病人１０９例随机分为３组，纤维结肠镜检查前分别采用口服聚乙二醇４０００与电解质导泻液法（Ａ组），口服蓖麻油加清洁灌肠法（Ｂ组）及口服便塞停法（Ｃ组）清洁肠道，结果显示：３种不同的清洁肠道方法效果相似，但口服蓖麻油加清洁灌地耗时长，副反应多，病人难以接受，口服便塞停法易引起腹痛，其服用剂量上需进一步探讨，口服聚乙二醇４０００与电解质导泻法，肠道清洁效果好，且准备时间短，     

恒康正清在肠道准备中应用的观察报告

目的探讨口服肠道准备药物恒康正清在肠道准备应用的可行性和护理要点,为临床提供一种满意的肠道准备方法.方法 157例大肠癌病人,随机分为A、B两组,A组(恒康正清组)79例,B组(蓖麻油组)78例,分别在术前进行肠道准备,在手术中观察肠道清洁情况,术后切口感染率、肠道吻合口瘘发生率的发生情况,比较恒康正清和蓖麻油在肠道准备的治疗效果. 结果恒康正清组和蓖麻油组肠道清洁度情况有统计学差异,A组肠道准备符合要求率(Ⅰ级+Ⅱ级)为96.2%,与B组相比其满意率(Ⅰ级)和比较满意率(Ⅰ级+Ⅱ级)显著增高(Ⅰ级:P<0.01;Ⅰ级+Ⅱ级:P<0.01).手术后切口感染例数和肠道吻合口漏的发生例数A组明显少于B组. 结论口服恒康正清行肠道准备可达到清洁肠道的目的,是一种较好的肠道准备方法.     

不同肠道准备方法在结肠镜检查中的应用及护理

目的：探讨不同肠道准备方法在结肠镜检查中的应用及护理体会。方法：将568例接受结肠镜检查的患者随机分为A组、B组和C组，A组应用20％甘露醇，B组应用蓖麻油联合番泻叶，C组应用蓖麻油联合复方聚乙二醇电解质散。观察服药过程中肠腔清洁效果和副反应发生情况。结果：C组肠道清洁显效率（1级）68．5％，有效率（1级和2级）92．7％，且不良反应发生率低，与A组及B组相比有显著性差异。结论：复方聚乙二醇电解质散联合蓖麻油进行肠道准备的方法效果佳，耐受性好。     

ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL REGULATION OF THE GROWTH OF TISSUES : THE EFFECTS OF THE DILUTION OF THE MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH OF THE SPLEEN.

It may be concluded that the degree of dilution of the culture medium has a marked influence on the rate of growth of splenic tissue. The maximum acceleration was obtained in a medium composed of three volumes of normal plasma and two volumes of distilled water. The growth in this hypotonic plasma was very much larger than in normal plasma. On the contrary, the growth of the spleen in hypertonic plasma was always less than in normal plasma. In other experiments, we found that in diluted plasma there was also an acceleration of the growth of the skin, the heart, and the liver of chickens. The skin of adult frogs also grew more actively in this plasma. The optimum degree of dilution varied according to the nature of the tissues and to the species of the animals. While the plasma containing two fifths distilled water produced the largest growth of splenic tissue, a slightly less diluted medium was more favorable for the liver and the heart, and generally for the skin also. The action of hypertonic plasma varied also in a large measure. While the spleen did not grow at all in the medium containing 0.0124 and 0.0144 sodium chlorid, the skin, on the other hand, could stand a high concentration of the sodium chlorid. Even its growth was activated in media containing 0.0094 and 0.0124 sodium chlorid and was greater than with normal plasma. The spleen of kittens was very easily affected by the changes of the dilution of the plasma, while the skin of the frog presented its best growth in plasma containing one half distilled water. Marked variations in the sensitiveness of tissues to hypertonic and hypotonic media will probably be observed in animals of different species. From these experiments, three conclusions can be drawn: namely, that certain laws of growth, discovered by Loeb, in lower organisms are true also for higher organisms; that normal plasma is not the optimum medium for the growth of tissue; and that each tissue has probably its optimum medium. The growth of the spleen is, without doubt, considerably modified by the variations of the dilution and perhaps of the osmotic tension of the plasma. It is possible then that the influence of osmotic tension, discovered by Loeb, in the growth of certain organisms, is a general law applicable as well to higher forms of life— frogs, cats, and chickens—as to lower organisms—tubularia and sea-urchins. In placing tubularia in different dilutions of sea-water and distilled water, Loeb found that the greatest rate of regeneration was observed when two volumes of distilled water were added to three volumes of sea-water. But fertilized eggs of sea-urchins were more sensitive to the action of hypertonic plasma, and they all died in a dilution of sea-water with two fifths distilled water. If only one fifth distilled water was added to the sea-water they developed normally. We found that the cells of certain tissues of the chicken follow a similar rule, since the maximal growth of the spleen is obtained in plasma containing two fifths distilled water, while other tissues grow better in a less hypotonic medium. Normal plasma is certainly not the ideal medium for the growth of tissues, since slight modifications of the tension, the alkalinity, or the addition of certain inorganic salts to normal plasma, increase the rate of the growth of tissues.     

THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES OF THE NEW-BORN

Those conditions of the new-born characterized by a hemorrhagic tendency, icterus, and fatty changes, are probably all syndromes which may occur as the result of a number of toxic agents. All of them, however, have been produced, in these experiments, by the action of a single experimental agent. Thus, a picture indistinguishable from that called Buhl''s disease has been obtained by the use of chloroform, as have also the pictures known as Winckel''s disease, melæna neonatorum, etc. Chloroform is not held to be the only substance that has this power. It stands rather as one member of a group of agents, the effects of which in general and in individual organs are similar to those caused by lack of oxygen. The essential features of these conditions have also been produced by direct asphyxiation of the fetus. The suggestion is therefore made that underlying all these symptoms and pathological complexes, there is a deficiency of oxidation, general, local, or selective, thus bringing this group of diseases into the general category of acute yellow atrophy of the liver, eclampsia, pernicious vomiting, cyclic vomiting, phosphorus poisoning, etc. In human beings, chloroform and asphyxia must, in many instances, be the determining causes. There remain, however, other cases in which different factors are to be sought.     

THE EXTENT OF THE CAPILLARY BED OF THE HEART

By means of injections made into the coronary arteries of beating hearts it has been possible to determine the number of capillaries in the normal heart muscle. This study has shown a very rich blood supply with an average of approximately one capillary for each muscle fibre in the ventricular walls and papillary muscles, and a less abundant supply in the auricular muscle and Purkinje system. The number of capillaries per sq. mm. of ventricular wall or papillary muscle is about twice that found by Krogh in skeletal muscle. Capillaries were not found constantly in the valves of hearts in which there was apparently a complete injection of the capillary bed. The method described for injecting the capillaries of the heart also provides a means of studying the blood supply to the muscle, valves and aortic wall in pathological hearts.     

THE INDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE GUINEA-PIG TO THE TOXIC ACTION OF THE BLOOD SERUM OF THE HORSE

Following the divisions before used, the results presented in the preceding pages may be briefly stated. I. The particular method of sensitization and the place where the test injection is made have an important bearing on the results obtained by various workers. Comparing the results obtained by the various methods, we may conclude that the incubation period of the hypersensitive reaction is not sharply limited, but that there is a progressive increase in sensitiveness from the sixth day, and presumably before that, extending over a period of several weeks. It seems very probable that the degree of hypersensitiveness attained where the sensitizing dose consists of a mixture of diphtheria toxin and serum is greater than when a single dose of the same small quantity of serum is given alone. II. Our early experiments, the first in this field, are in thorough agreement with those first reported by Otto, and shortly after him by Rosenau and Anderson. III. This hypersensitive reaction is transmissible from mother to offspring. The transmission is probably not equally effective in all cases, and individual young guinea-pigs probably vary greatly in the rate with which they lose their ability to react. As a result not all of the young of a hypersensitive mother react to a subcutaneous dose of five cubic centimeters of serum given when they are four or five weeks old. The reaction in the young animals differs quite markedly from that in those actively sensitized. These differences are such as to indicate that in the mother there is a considerable localization of the reaction in tissues and organs whose destruction does not cause sudden death. This local reaction is a protective factor and is not transmitted to the same degree as the factors involved in the fatal acute reaction. IV. The hypersensitive reaction to horse serum depends on the development of a special anti-body during the incubation period, which anti-body may be passively transferred to a fresh animal. If the dose of hypersensitive serum be sufficient, and the intoxicating injection be given directly into the circulation, this passive hypersensitiveness may be enough so that the animal will die when tested. There is also in the serum of hypersensitive guinea-pigs an uneliminated horse serum element or "rest," which is distinct from this antibody, and probably without influence on the course of the acute reaction. V. The anti-body on which the hypersensitive reaction depends may be entirely neutralized by horse serum without causing symptoms. The gradual introduction of increasing doses over a total period of twenty-four hours suffices for this. The animal is then, properly speaking, neither immune nor refractory, but is essentially in the condition of a normal animal which has recently had a large dose of horse serum. This rapid neutralization is made possible by the great binding power which the subcutaneous and other relatively unimportant tissues have for the toxic element of the serum. The so-called "Phenomenon of Arthus" is probably the same reaction for the rabbit that we have here dealt with in the guinea-pig. The fact that the manifestation is more prominently a local one depends on racial differences. I have encountered cases in the guinea-pig in which the conditions in the rabbit are closely simulated.     

THE INFLUENCE UPON THE SPLEEN AND THE THYROID OF THE COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THE EXTERNAL FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS

The complete removal of the function of the pancreas concerned in digestion is followed by marked changes in the spleen and in the thyroid apparatus. Second, the spleen shows an extreme simple atrophy. Third, the thyroid apparatus exhibits a constant change shown by the macroscopic transparency of the gland, by the microscopic increase in the amount of colloid, by the chemical increase of the iodine content of the gland, and by the functional test of the delayed appearance of tetany after the complete removal of the thyroid apparatus.     

学生健康体检结果分析

在校学生进行健康体检,对常见病患病率进行统计分析,提议在体检 中应加入血液流变学指标。