某部新兵新训期间的心理健康和适应与其家庭教养方式、心理弹性和应对方式的关系

目的探讨某部新兵的心理健康状况、对环境的适应性及其与心理弹性、家庭教养方式和应对方式的关系。方法采用心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、简易应对方式量表(SCQS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某部队392名新兵进行抽样调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果 1对军营环境不适应组新兵的SCL-90总均分显著高于适应组和有点不适应组(P0.01);2生活在"民主型"家庭教养环境中的新兵更能适应新的环境(P0.01);3新兵军训期间SCL-90总分与心理弹性总分和积极应对呈显著负相关(P0.01);与消极应对呈显著正相关(P0.01);4新兵SCL-90阴性组的心理弹性总分及其因子得分、积极应对方式得分显著高于阳性组(P0.01);而消极应对方式得分要显著低于阳性组(P0.01,t=4.75);5生活在"民主型"家庭教养环境中的新兵具有更高的心理健康水平(P0.01);6生活在"民主型"家庭教养环境中的新兵,新训期间SCL-90总均分要显著低于"强制型"、"放任型"、"溺爱型"家庭教养环境为主的新兵组(P0.05)。结论新兵新训期间的心理健康水平及对军营环境的适应与其家庭教养方式、应对方式及心理弹性密切相关,民主型的家庭环境、积极的应对方式和高的心理弹性有利于新兵新训期间的心理健康和对新环境的适应。     

某部驻岛军人心理应激状况调查研究

目的了解驻岛军人应激及心理健康状况。方法采取特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)、军人心理应激自评问卷(PSET)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对某部驻岛89名军人进行问卷调查。结果该部驻岛军人应激程度高于常模(F=42.97,P0.05),SCL-90中躯体(F=5.24,P0.05)及敌对因子(F=4.42,P0.05)高于军队常模,消极应对分高于常模(F=3.91,P0.05)。应激程度与积极应对分成负相关(r=-0.27,P0.05),与消极应对分(r=0.48,P0.01)及SCL-90各因子分成正相关(r=0.57,0.56,0.56,0.51,0.55,0.43,0.55,0.53,0.52;P0.01);驻岛时间与应激程度成负相关(r=-0.26,P0.05)。结论驻岛军人应激程度高,心理问题多,驻岛时间及消极应对方式是影响其心理健康的重要因素。     

精神分裂症患者一级亲属心理健康及影响因素

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者一级亲属心理健康、社会支持、应对方式及心理韧性相关性。方法:选择精神分裂症患者一级亲属150例与普通人群(某企业、医院在职员工及某中学中学生)105例,分别测验症状自评量表(SCL-90),一级亲属同时测验社会支持量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)及心理韧性量表(RSA);对一级亲属SCL-90总分进行排序,按照27%划界分组原则选取高分组、低分组各40例。对以上评分做对比及相关性分析。结果:一级亲属SCL-90总分及各因子分高于普通人群(P0.05);高分组与低分组SSRS、SCSQ及RSA评分,除RAS自我知觉及将来计划无显著性差异外(P0.05),其余各因子分及总分均有显著性差异(P0.05);SCL-90与SSRS呈负相关(r=-0.117~-0.301,P0.05);与积极应对除敌对、恐怖两个因子无相关性外,其余呈负相关(r=-0.115~-0.174,P0.05),与消极应对呈正相关(r=0.151~0.257,P0.01);与RSA除躯体化与自我知觉、社会资源,人际敏感与将来计划无相关性外,其余呈负相关(r=-0.102~-0.284,P0.05)。结论:精神分裂症一级亲属心理健康水平差;心理健康高分组心理韧性低,社会支持少,应对方式简单消极;心理健康与社会支持、应对方式及心理韧性有相关性。     

大学生积极情绪与心理健康的关系:个人资源的中介效应

目的:探讨大学生积极情绪、个人资源与心理健康水平之间的关系,使用结构方程模型进行验证。方法:采用方便取样,选取陕西师范大学877名大学生,运用正性情感和负性情感检核表(PA-NAS)、自编积极体验问卷,及个人资源问卷,如自编心理弹性问卷、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、人际信任问卷(ITS)、社会支持知觉量表(PSSS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查。结果:积极心境、积极体验、心理弹性、积极应对方式、人际信任、社会支持知觉得分与SCL-90总分及各因子分均呈负相关(r=-0.52~-0.11,P<0.05或0.01)。回归分析表明,积极体验、心理弹性、人际信任、社会支持知觉得分与SCL-90总分相关(β=-0.32、-0.38、-0.19、-0.21;均P<0.01)。路径分析表明,积极情绪对心理健康总症状的直接效应不显著(路径系数为-0.01),而对个人资源的直接效应显著(路径系数为0.79,P<0.01);个人资源对心理健康总症状的直接效应显著(路径系数为-0.44,P<0.01)。结论:个人资源在积极情绪与心理健康之间起完全中介作用,积极情绪能够通过建设个人资源而促进个体心理健康水平。     

士兵认知评价特征、应对方式与心理健康的关系

目的：探讨士兵关于生活事件、种会支持以及自我效能的认知评价特征及其应对方式与心理健康的关系。方法：选择某部队陆军370名，应用陆军义务兵生活事件问卷、社会支持评定量表、一般自我效能感量表、简易应对方式问卷以及SCL-90量表进行调查。结果：新兵和老兵都具有较高的心理健康水平．新兵比老兵的心理健康状况好，且其主观应激、客观社会支持都与老兵有显著性差异。主观应激和消极应对与心理健康水平负相关（r=-0．543，r＝-0．382，P〈0．01），而自我效能感、主观支持和积极应对与心理健康水平正相关（r=0．116，r=-0．175，r=0．137，P〈0．05）。结论：士兵的认知评价特征及应对方式与其心理健康密切相关。     

527名大学生心理健康状况及相关因素调查

目的 :了解大学生心理健康状况与负性生活事件、应对方式、社会支持等各种因素之间的关系。方法 :用SCL - 90、青少年生活事件量表 (ASLEC)、简易应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表 (SSRS)等工具对 5 2 7名大学生进行调查。结果 :(1)影响大学生心理健康的因素依次是 :负性生活事件、消极应对方式、丧失因子、受惩罚因子、对支持的利用度。 (2 )负性生活事件与SCL - 90总分间有显著正相关 ;消极应对与SCL - 90总分间相关极其显著 ;社会支持总分及其各因子与SCL - 90总分间呈显著负相关。结论 :负性生活事件、消极应对等是影响大学生心理健康状况的重要因素     

影响海勤人员婚姻满意度的多因素分析

目的探讨海勤人员夫妻双方婚姻满意度(MG)与心理、个性、社会因素的相关性,为开展婚姻咨询与治疗提供理论依据。方法采用Olson婚姻质量问卷(ENRICH)中婚姻满意度分量表、卡特尔16项人格因素问卷(16PF)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、生活事件量表(LES)、特质应对问卷(TCSQ)、领悟社会支持量表(SSRS)对375对海勤人员夫妻双方均进行了评定。结果丈夫、妻子MG与离婚诉讼组具有高度显著差异(t=20.927,24.696;P0.01);16PF中,夫妻双方MG均与自身及对方部分个性特质有显著相关性(r=0.120~0.225,P0.05);丈夫MG与自身及妻子的SCL-90中部分因子具有显著相关(r=0.131~0.309,P0.05);夫妻双方MG与自身及对方的社会支持总分具有显著相关性(r=0.182~0.299,P0.05);夫妻双方MG与自身及对方的消极应对方式具有高度相关性(r=0.138~0.220,P0.01);丈夫MG与自身部分生活事件,妻子MG与丈夫负性家庭问题均存在显著相关(r=0.137~0.222,P0.05);多因素分析揭示对丈夫MG的贡献大小依次为:消极应对(β=-0.38)负性生活事件(β=-0.38)人际关系敏感(β=-0.26)学历(β=0.17)负性家庭问题(β=-0.16)客观支持(β=0.13);对妻子MG的贡献大小依次为:(丈夫)消极应对(β=-0.29)敌对(β=-0.26)客观支持(β=0.17)(丈夫)学历(β=0.16)自律性(β=0.14)。结论婚姻满意度直接受到海勤人员及妻子的个性、心理、社会等多因素影响,并反作用于夫妻双方的身心健康。     

初中生应激生活事件、社会支持、应对方式与心理症状关系的结构模型

目的:构建初中生应激生活事件、社会支持、应对方式与心理症状的关系模型.方法:对1009名初中生分别采用应激生活事件问卷、应对方式问卷、社会支持问卷和症状自评量表进行测量,进而用结构方程模型的方法构建了潜变量之间的关系模型.结果:应激生活事件、社会支持、积极应对、消极应对对症状总分有直接影响(权重分别是0.565、-0.064、-0.172、0.377),应激生活事件、社会支持、消极应对对症状总分有间接影响(权重分别是0.161、-0.042、-0.115).结构方程分析表明,女生的社会支持、消极应对对症状总分的影响比男生组更大(女生权重为-0.142和0.292,男生权重为-0.097和0.198).结论:应激生活事件、社会支持、应对方式对心理症状的作用得到结构方程模型的有力支持.     

应激相关因素、人格特质与传染科护理人员焦虑的关系

目的:探讨传染科护理人员焦虑情绪与应激相关因素、人格特征的关系,为护理人员实施针对性的心理健康教育提供科学的理论依据.方法:对49名传染科护理人员施测应激生活事件问卷、应付方式问卷、社会支持问卷、艾森克人格问卷和状态焦虑量表.用SPSS 17.0与Amos 7.0软件进行数据分析与构建结构方程模型,选出与焦虑相关具显著意义的变量做逐步回归筛选,据筛选出的主要因素生活事件(X1)、消极应对(X2)、神经质(X3)、和次要因素的精神质(X4)、社会支持(X5)、积极应对(X6)、内外向(X7)为原因变量,状态焦虑(Y)为结果变量构筑模型.结果:本组传染科护理人员状态焦虑评分与正常人群相比存在显著性差异(t=3.82,P＜0.01);生活事件、消极应对、神经质、精神质与状态焦虑呈正相关(r=0.563,0.502,0.620,0.288;P＜0.05);社会支持、积极应对、内外向与状态焦虑呈负相关(r=-0.321,-0.487,-0.342;P＜0.05).生活事件、消极应对、神经质对状态焦虑的直接效应系数分别为0.281、0.259、0.387;精神质、社会支持、积极应对、内外向对状态焦虑的间接效应系数分别为0.031、-0.030、-0.097、-0.047.结论:生活事件、消极应对方式、不稳定情绪人格因素对焦虑情绪作用较大,护理人员面对压力时如能合理利用社会支持、采取积极应对方式、对事物能有正确的认知则会减轻焦虑程度.     

武警某部战士心理健康状况评价及其影响因素

目的探讨武警部队战士心理健康状况及其与心理满意度,人格特征、应对方式和生活事件的相关性。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、情感量表(AS)、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版(EPQ-RSC)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和生活事件量表(LES)对武警某部300名战士进行测查。结果①症状自评量表除躯体化和恐怖因子分外,其它各因子分均显著低于全国常模(t=-5.990,-14.566,-9.676,-7.731,-6.413,-8.988,-5.026;P均0.01)。EPQ-RSC的E和L维度显著高于全国常模(t=4.429,2.627;P均0.01),P、N维度显著低于全国常模(t=-4.854,-9.648;P均0.01)。消极应对方式显著低于全国常模(t=-21.502,P0.01)。士官的EPQ-RSC-L维度极显著高于义务兵(t=2.814,P0.01);②EPQ-RSC、应对方式、生活事件均与心理健康状况和心理满意度具有一定的相关性(r=-0.367~0.664,P0.05或0.01)。结论武警部队战士性格属于外向稳定型,心理健康状况较好。士官的掩饰性较义务兵高。外向型性格者、采用积极应对者心理健康水平和心理满意度高。消极应对、生活事件特别是负性生活事件多则心理健康水平和心理满意度低。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.