论“系统治疗”思想与东方文化的相融性

在“初探”之一中对系统治疗中的两个基本问题 :系统关系、顺势疗法做了东西方文化的相融性探讨。本文再对常用的思想方法和操作方法作一比较。1　系统治疗的“资源取向”与禅宗的“见性成佛”思想系统治疗非常重视“资源取向”,注意挖掘个人和家庭内部的潜能和方法。要求治疗家要有中立的态度 ,不要做权威救世主 ,不要做控制者 ,不要情感太投入 ,不要起太多的教化作用 ,这是医生帮助咨客成长的大境界。这恰恰是挖掘家庭系统潜能的乐观态度 ,是对整体有信心的从容定力 ,这样有利于咨客达到自救 ,而不依赖于医生。与禅宗所不同的是 ,系统治疗…     

罗杰斯以人为中心疗法与道家思想的契合与背离

西方心理治疗理论在中国的发展必须经历一个与本土文化和实际相冲突或融合的过程，在心理治疗的本土化研究中，如何吸取西方理论研究和实证研究的丰硕成果，并结合本国传统的思想和文化精髓一直是关键问题，罗杰斯的以人为中心心理治疗方法是人本心理治疗的一个主要体系，本文主要从以下三个方面一人性观、治疗目标和治疗方法将其与中国传统道家思想进行一个比较，试图发现二者之间的契合和背离之处，作为以人为中心治疗本土化研究的一点思考。     

现实—心理治疗的一个基本概念

现实——心理治疗的一个基本概念北京医科大学精神卫生研究所许又新在现代心理治疗的文献中，Ｓ．弗洛伊德第一次提出了现实（Ｒｅａｌｉｔｙ）这个概念。在１９１１年发表的一篇文章里，弗洛伊德首次讨论了心理活动的两个原则，一为快乐原则（ｔｈｅｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅｐｒ...     

心理治疗:透过症状表象来理解病人的心理冲突

1　我的自由联想中国文化源远流长 ,早在 2 0 0 0多年前的《诗经》中就有“窈窕淑女 ,君子好逑”、“青青子佩 ,悠悠我思”、“一日不见 ,如三秋矣”等这样的诗句来赞美和抒发男女之间的情与爱。围绕此主题 ,历代文人墨客给我们留下了不胜枚举的佳句、名作 ,可谓家喻户晓、妇孺皆知。虽然儒家的“仁、义、忠、孝”、道家的“无为而无不为”、佛教的“万世皆空”、“虚怀若谷”等规范着人们的行为准则 ,但人类一代一代繁衍 ,历经数千年而长盛不衰又是靠什么呢 ?毋容置疑乃是“性” !然而 ,对此主题又有多少国人明晓呢 ?尽管早有《素问·素女…     

Psychotherapies for comorbid anxiety in bipolar spectrum disorders

Background

Comorbid anxiety disorders are highly prevalent in bipolar disorder and have been shown to have serious negative impacts on the course of illness. The pharmacological treatment of anxiety can interact with the bipolar disorder and has not been proven effective. As such, many have recommended the psychological treatment of anxiety. This paper reviews the literature on psychological treatments for anxiety comorbid to bipolar disorder.

Method

The Medline, PsychInfo and Web of Science databases were thoroughly examined for relevant treatment studies.

Results

Despite frequent recommendations in the literature, surprisingly few have studied the psychological treatment of comorbid anxiety in bipolar disorders. Nevertheless, preliminary results suggest that comorbid anxiety disorders can be effectively treated in a bipolar clientele using cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy or relaxation training. In contrast, interpersonal, family therapy and psychoeducation alone would not seem to be beneficial treatment alternatives for anxiety. Cognitive-behavioral therapy appears to reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and general symptoms of anxiety among patients with bipolar disorder. However, the long-term maintenance of anxiety treatment effects may be somewhat reduced and adaptations may be called for to augment and sustain benefits.

Conclusions

There is an urgent need for randomized controlled trials of different forms of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders comorbid to bipolar disorder. Until such trials are available, the most promising approach would appear to be the sequential or modular CBT-based treatment of the anxiety disorder.     

近20年国内外强迫症心理治疗研究进展及动态

目的 了解近20年来国内外强迫症在心理治疗方面的研究进展及动态。方法 以最近20年国内外有关强迫症研究的成果为基础,采用文献研究法分析与总结了近150篇有关的研究论文和一些相关的治疗研究。结果 呈现出有关强迫症心理治疗的研究进展及动态。结论 加强文化因素的研究对强迫症预防及治疗具有深远的意义。     

A Psychodynamic Perspective on a Systematic Review of Online Psychotherapy for Adults

A variety of new psychotherapy modalities has arisen in which the contact between patient and therapist takes place via the internet. The main objective of this systematic review is to investigate the types of online psychotherapy (OP) conducted nowadays, and to describe their main characteristics to psychodynamic psychotherapists who may wish to better understand the current scientific literature on the subject. The review used two databases, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Fifty‐nine studies were retrieved and the main online psychotherapy modalities identified were self‐therapy programmes using contact via email or chat; videoconference; and therapy exclusively via chat or email. The result of these studies suggests that OP is more effective than a waiting list control group. When compared with face‐to‐face therapies, OP showed similar effects. Most studies involved cognitive behavioural therapy; only two studies involved a form of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Different forms of communication allow patient and therapist to establish different relationships and therapeutic possibilities. OPs may be feasible treatment alternatives; however, it remains unclear, especially in relation to psychodynamic treatments, if therapeutic technique in OP, which involves changes in comparison with face‐to‐face therapies, would be useful in severe cases. Psychodynamic psychotherapists should adopt a posture of constant reflection on the changes taking place in the world and their impact on the minds of individuals, without, nevertheless, idealizing the ‘new’.     

Psychotherapy across cultures: the form-content dichotomy

The diversity of patients, problems, beliefs and cultures mandates the need to educate, match, negotiate and integrate psychological interventions. This is necessary in all cultures and in every setting. Many schools of psychotherapy offer specific theories and particular techniques, yet they share many common approaches. Their individual techniques allow therapists form and structure to treat different clinical problems, discuss diverse content and use them in varied settings and among people with assorted cultural backgrounds. The heterogeneity within cultures, regions and populations demands that therapists understand the local and individual reality. The apparent contradictions between standard psychological therapies and their use across cultures, when viewed through a form-content framework, allow for matching strategies for specific individuals and their distress, and for choosing the best treatment options from a diverse therapeutic armamentarium. Psychotherapies are at their weakest when they attempt to provide explanations across cultures and are at their strongest when they are used as vehicles for engagement with patients. The challenge is to find a common psychotherapeutic language, which attempts to bridge the divide between the issues facing the patient and the armamentarium of the therapist. The form-content paradigm at least partly explains the complexity of the issues within psychotherapy. It also allows the therapist to move from the therapy-centric orientation of Western approaches to the patient-centric orientations required for success in psychological therapies.     

氟西汀单用与合并心理治疗对脑卒中抑郁疗效观察

本文将40例脑卒中抑郁患者随机分成氟西汀合并心理治疗组（A组）和单用氟西汀组（B组），进行前瞻性对照研究。采用HAMD评定，结果表明，两组方法均有效，且A组较B组起效早．疗效好、提示氟西汀是一种治疗脑卒中抑郁有效的药物，心理治疗是一种良好的辅助治疗手段。     

心理与药物治疗学生考试焦虑的疗效观察

目的 探讨单纯心理治疗、单纯药物治疗以及心理、药物合并治疗学生考试焦虑的疗效。方法 将符合入组标准的69例求助者随机分为3组,分别给予心理治疗、药物治疗及心理合并药物治疗,于考试前2周,考试前1天及下学期考前1天,分别进行HAMA及SAS量表评定。结果．心理治疗组及药物治疗组考试前1天与干预前比较HAMA、SAS评分差异显著,而下学期考前1天同干预前比较无明显差异。心理合并药物治疗组考试前1天及下学期考试前1天,同干预前均有明显差异。结论 对于学生考试焦虑的治疗以心理合并药物治疗的近期及远期效果均优于单一治疗方法,应作为首选。