中枢神经细胞瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的:研究中枢神经细胞瘤(CNC)的CT与MRI影像特点,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的CNC 5例,分析其临床CT与MRI表现。结果:本组病例中肿瘤均位于侧脑室透明隔,靠近Monro孔处,在CT上呈等或稍高密度,在MRI T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI上呈不均匀高信号,增强后可见不均匀明显强化。肿瘤均可见囊变,边缘清晰。结论:青年人位于透明隔的肿瘤,应考虑CNC的诊断,CT与MRI有助于诊断此病,确定手术方案。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(central neurocytoma,CNC)的MR特点及诊断.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的10例CNC的MRI表现.结果 8例CNC位于侧脑室,与透明隔粘连.其中男性6例,女性2例,年龄21～45岁,平均29.9岁.这些肿瘤在T1WI上均呈等低信号,在T2WI与DWI上呈不均匀高信号.8例病灶均可见囊性变,2例可见出血,2例可见蜂窝样改变,4例可见蛇形的匍行性血管流空征.此外,6例可见由胼胝体和侧脑室顶壁呈网状或丝条状垂向下的瘤组织.7例患者在增强MRI扫描后表现为不均匀性强化.另外2例患者病灶位于颈髓内,是脑室外中枢神经细胞瘤(extraventricular neurocytomas,EVN).男女各1例,年龄分别为27、37岁.其主要MRI表现包括:明显囊性变,T1WI上呈等低信号,T2 WI上呈不均匀高信号以及明显强化等.结论 脑室内CNC在MRI影像上有一定特征性,合理应用其影像学的特征性表现,有助于对CNC及其他侧脑室内肿瘤进行诊断及鉴别诊断.但颈髓内的EVN缺乏特异性的MRI表现,其诊断依靠病理学检查.     

侧脑室中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(central neurocytoma,CNC)的MRI特点,以提高诊断准确性。资料与方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的侧脑室CNC的MRI表现,4例行MRI平扫与增强,1例仅行MRI平扫。其中男2例,女3例。年龄18～39岁,平均29.2岁。结果5例CNC多呈类圆形或不规则形肿块,边界较清。T1WI表现为等低信号,T2WI呈等高混杂信号;3例可见流空血管信号。增强扫描肿瘤呈轻度或中度不均匀强化。5例肿瘤中4例位于侧脑室透明隔和室间孔,其中1例突入第三脑室;1例位于侧脑室体部及后角。结论侧脑室CNC具有一定的MRI特点,结合其好发部位、发病年龄等可以提高其诊断的准确性。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI表现

目的 :探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(CNC)的MRI表现,并结合文献,提高对该病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法 :回顾分析11例经手术和病理证实的CNC的MRI表现。结果:11例中,6例肿瘤位于侧脑室壁的前2/3,5例位于室间孔附近的透明隔。肿瘤实质T1WI、T2WI均呈等信号、T2-FLAIR呈略高信号,DWI呈明显高信号。内部信号多不均匀,3例呈明显蜂窝状。肿瘤邻近胼胝体时可见有条索影与之相连7例,无瘤周水肿。增强扫描后一般强化不明显或呈轻度强化,但肿瘤内部及瘤周可见明显肿瘤供血血管7例。结论:CNC的MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合临床正确分析其影像表现有助于提高术前诊断水平。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的CT、MRI影像特点与鉴别诊断

目的 研究中枢神经细胞瘤(CNC)的CT与MRI影像特点,以进一步提高对该病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤17例,其中男10例,女7例,年龄21～41岁,平均29.6岁.17例行MRI检查,7例同时行CT检查.结果 本组病例中肿瘤均位于侧脑室透明隔,靠近Monro孔处,在CT上呈等或稍高密度;MRI T1WI呈等、低信号,T2WI呈不均匀高信号.矢状位和冠状位T1WI及增强扫描图像上,9例可见由胼胝体和侧脑室顶呈网状或丝条状垂向下的瘤组织,轴位7例见呈牵拉样的条索状瘤体侵犯一侧或两侧脑室侧壁.所有肿瘤均伴大小不等的囊变,部分可见钙化、出血及血管流空影像.增强扫描肿瘤多呈较明显不均匀强化.结论 中枢神经细胞瘤在CT、MRI影像上有一定特征性,合理应用其影像学的特征性表现,有助于中枢神经细胞瘤的诊断.     

中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的 研究中枢神经细胞瘤(CNC)的MRI诊断特点。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的CNC19例，男12例，女7例，年龄11～49岁，平均28．5岁，分析其MRI表现。结果 肿瘤均位于侧脑室透明隔和(或)第三脑室，靠近Monro孔处，T1WI呈等信号；T2WI信号强度与皮层灰质比较多为等或略高信号。内部多见囊变、出血及钙化，边缘清晰。结论 青年人位于透明隔的肿瘤，应考虑CNC的诊断。MR有助于术前诊断此病，确定手术方案。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(central neurocytoma,CNC)的CT和MRI表现特点,提高该病的影像诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析9例经病理确诊的CNC的CT和MRI资料,研究本病影像学特点。结果:9例肿块均位于侧脑室内,呈类圆形或不规则分叶状,8例位于侧脑室前部透明隔区域,另1例位于侧脑室体部。CT平扫9例肿瘤实体部分2例为等密度,7例呈稍高密度,内部密度不均,3例同一病灶内见点、片状钙化及低密度囊变,1例单纯见钙化,不伴有囊变;2例单纯见低密度囊变,不伴有钙化。注射对比剂后,病灶呈轻、中度不均匀强化;MRI平扫,病灶多呈囊实性,信号不均,实性部分T1WI信号强度同脑实质,T2WI与脑实质相比呈等或稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤实性部分明显强化,囊性部分呈"丝瓜瓤样"或"蜂窝状"改变。结论:CNC的CT和MRI表现有一定的特征,综合分析其临床和影像表现,能够提高诊断正确率。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的不典型影像表现

目的 探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(central neurocytoma,CNC)的不典型影像学表现,以提高对该病的认识.资料与方法 回顾性分析6例经手术病理证实的CNC的不典型CT、MRI表现.6例均行MR平扫,4例行MR增强扫描,2例同时行CT平扫.结果 6例CNC在发生部位或信号(密度)/强化方面均有不典型表现.一类是发生部位少见,1例(4岁)位于第四脑室,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈均匀高信号(与脑脊液信号相仿),并见瘤周水肿;1例位于透明隔及双侧侧脑室体部前2/3;1例肿瘤自右侧丘脑向侧脑室内生长;另一类是信号(密度)/强化表现不典型,1例肿瘤位于第二三脑室Monro孔区,MR平扫表现为环状等T1、长T2信号,增强扫描呈不规则环状显著强化;另2例肿瘤均位于侧脑室透明隔,1例CT示肿瘤内大片状钙化,另1例CT示大面积瘤卒中.结论 CNC可有少见的不典型影像表现.     

中枢神经细胞瘤的影像诊断(附3例报告并文献复习)

目的 探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(CNC)的CT和MRI诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的3例CNC的CT和MRI表现。结果 2例位于侧脑室体部均来源于透明隔，分别向一侧或两侧侧脑室内生长，CT为混杂密度，其中1例可见钙化，MRI为混杂信号，不均匀较明显强化。1例位于左侧颞叶，CT可见钙化，MRI可见囊变及环形强化，占位效应不明显。结论 CNC是少见的颅内肿瘤，其发病年龄、部位及CT与MRI表现具有相对特征性表现。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的MRI、CT分析

目的:探讨中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学表现,以提高认识和诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤8例的MRI、CT表现。结果:8例肿瘤均位于双侧侧脑室透明隔或第三脑室Monro孔处,分别向一侧或两侧侧脑室内生长,肿瘤呈不规则形,边缘清楚。CT平扫呈略高密度,密度不均匀,增强扫描轻度强化。MRI表现为略长T1WI、长T2WI信号,病灶内可见小的囊变灶,注射Gd-DTPA后,病变轻度强化。结论:中枢神经细胞瘤CT和MRI诊断具有一定的价值,尤其是MRI。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）