妊娠期糖尿病孕妇产后血糖随访结果分析

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇产后6周的75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果了解产后DM的发生率.方法:对115例GDM孕妇于产后6周行OGTT,按WHO标准进行再分类,分为正常组、糖耐量减低(IGT)组、糖尿病(DM)组.结果:115例产妇中血糖正常组86例,占74.8%;IGT组19例,占16.5%;DM组10例,占8.7%.结论:GDM孕妇产后糖代谢异常发生率高,是发生DM的高危人群,产后应定期随访,以便及早诊断糖尿病.     

75g葡萄糖口服1h后血糖监测的临床意义

目的探讨口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)中口服后1h血糖的临床意义.方法依据OGTT结果将受试者分为3组:耐量正常组(NGT组)、糖耐量异常组(IGT组)、糖尿病组(DM组).结果 54例IGT组中有17%的人2hPBG≥7.8mmol/L＜11.1 mmol/L, 而口服后1h血糖(1hPBG)已经＞11.1mmol/L.IGT组的FBG、1hPBG、2hPBG均较DM组明显低(P>0.05).1hPBG却较NGT组明显升高(P<0.05),2hPBG虽较NGT组有所升高,但无统计学意义.IGT组的空腹胰岛素水平较NGT组稍有降低,1h胰岛素已明显低于NGT(P<0.05),但2h水平却较之有明显的升高(P<0.05).结论 IGT组患者,由于胰岛素第一时相分泌障碍和胰岛素抵抗,使 OGTT中的1hPBG明显升高达到11.1mmol/L.因而应该重视餐后1h血糖的监测.     

糖耐量减低患者的干预治疗

目的研究二甲双胍是否能阻止糖耐量减低(IGT),患者转变为2型糖尿病(DM)及其安全性和有效性.方法56例住院时经OGTT证实为IGT的病人,给二甲双胍250mg,每日3次.观察1～2周后的空腹及餐后2小时血糖.出院治疗1年后随访复查OGTT.结果56例患者治疗1～2周后空腹血糖由5.88±1.20mmol/L降到4.35±1.30mmol/L,餐后2小时血糖由9.20±0.5mmol/L降到5.80±2.11mmol/L(P＜0.01).1年后随访到34例病人,其中14例坚持服药到随访时(治疗组),20例仅服药1～3月后停药(对照组).两组复查OGTT结果,对照组OGTT正常者3例(15.0%),仍为IGT者15例(75.0%),转变为DM者2例(10.0%);治疗组OGTT正常者8例(57.2%),仍为IGT者6例(42.8%),无转变为DM者,无低血糖症发生.结论二甲双胍长期服用可阻止IGT病人恶化为DM,此药安全、有效、不易发生低血糖,易被接受长期服用.但我组病人少尚需继续观察.     

赣州市市直单位2 908成人糖尿病患病率调查研究

目的:调查赣州市市直单位成人的糖尿病患病率.方法:对赣州市公安局、中级法院、赣州市地方税务局等15家单位共2 908例成人进行空腹血糖(FBG)检查,并测量身高、体重,调查生活习惯及体力活动情况,其中FBG≥6.1mmol/L的人群或怀疑诊断者行口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)检查.结果:调查中的2 908例,其中糖尿病(DM)138人,糖耐量低减(IGT)194人,空腹血糖调节受损(IFG)134人,所查的糖尿病(DM)、糖耐量低减(IGT)、空腹血糖调节受损(IFG)患病率分别为:4.75%、6.67%、4.61%.其中糖尿病(DM)的患病率30岁以上随着年龄的增加而增高,同时随BMI增加、体力活动减少而升高.结论:赣州市市直单位成人糖尿病患病率为4.75%,肥胖、过多脂肪和蛋白质的摄入、运动量少是赣州市市直单位成人糖尿病的危险因素.     

空腹血糖及2小时血糖结果分析

<正> 目前,诊断糖尿病有两种生化试验,即按1985年WHO修改后标准的葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)和按1997年美国糖尿病协会(ADA)建议的空腹血糖(FPG)试验。WHO把OGTT两小时血糖(2hPG)<7.8mmol/L判定为糖耐量正常(NGT),78mmol/L≤2hPG<11.1mmol/L判为糖耐量减低(IGT),2hPG≥     

简化OGTT对冠心病患者糖代谢异常的诊断价值

目的:应用简化OGTT筛查不同类型冠心病患者糖代谢异常,观察其对空腹血糖正常的冠心病患者糖代谢异常的检出率。方法:选择诊断为冠心病且空腹血糖<6.0mmol/L、无糖尿病病史的患者102例,采用简化OGTT方法检测空腹及糖负荷后2h的血糖值,观察各组患者糖代谢异常的检出率。结果:稳定性心绞痛组患者正常血糖(NGT)、糖耐量异常(IGT)、糖尿病(DM)的检出率分别为45.24%、40.48%、14.29%;不稳定性心绞痛组NGT、IGT、DM的检出率分别为42.42%、39.39%、18.18%;缺血性心肌病组NGT、IGT、DM的检出率分别为48.15%、37.04%、14.82%;组间比较平均糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖值、糖负荷后2h血糖值无显著性差异,NGT、IGT、DM的检出率均无显著性差异。三组患者总计NGT的检出率为45.10%,IGT的检出率为39.22%,DM的检出率为15.69%。糖代谢异常包括IGT、DM的总检出率高达54.91%。结论:冠心病患者糖代谢异常的检出率很高,且各型患者间糖代谢异常的检出率无差异。简化OGTT测定简单易行,值得在心内科推广应用。     

正常空腹血糖老年患者的OGTT临床分析

目的：用OGTT方法分析正常空腹血糖的老年患者对葡萄糖的耐受性，为尽早诊断和防治糖尿病提供依据。方法：把至少两次检验空腹血浆血糖未达到诊断糖尿病标准的74例住院老年患者，分为FPG＜6.1mmol/L（NFG组）和FPG≥6.1mmol/L(IFG组），两组分别进行OGTT，测量各组BMI，血压、血脂等指标，按OGTT结果分为糖耐量正常（NGT）、糖耐量异常（IGT）和可疑糖尿病（可疑DM）3组，比较组间及组各向指标的差异及血糖的相关性。结果：NFG和IFG两组分别发现NGT11、9例、IGT33、10例，可疑DM6、5例。各组之间BMI有显著差异，并与餐后2小时血糖呈正相关，结论：OGTT对老年人具有重要的意义，可以明显减少DM和IGT漏诊，特别对于BMI偏高的老年患者尤其重要，提示OGTT应作为所有老年患者健康查体和入院诊断的常规项目。     

OGTT 0.5h PG、1h PG诊断糖尿病和糖调节受损的切点值估测

目的查找正常人、空腹血糖受损(IFG)和葡萄糖耐量减低(IGT)患者在口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)时,0.5 h血糖(0.5 h PG)、1 h血糖(1 h PG)95%的参考值范围以及其诊断糖尿病和糖调节受损的血糖值切点。方法分析天津医科大学第二医院近5年来有完整资料的3208例OGTT结果,将其分成正常人组、IFG组、IGT组和糖尿病组,并计算每组各时间点的血糖均值和标准差(x-±s),并用公式(x-+1.64s)计算出除糖尿病组外各组人群各时间点95%的参考值范围。结果正常人、IFG、IGT三组人群0.5 h PG、1 h PG 95%的参考值范围分别是:①正常人应<11.58 mmol/L、<11.69 mmol/L。②IFG患者应<12.93 mmol/L、<14.11 mmol/L。③IGT患者应<12.75 mmol/L、<14.49 mmol/L。结论①因正常人OGTT 0.5 h PG、1 h PG两点的参考范围高限是11.58和11.69 mmol/L,因此,在OGTT结果的判定时,只凭0.5 h PG和1 h PG≥11.1 mmol/L不能诊为糖尿病。②根据计算结果,OGTT 0.5 hPG 12.93 mmol/L,1 h PG 14.49 mmol/L是诊断糖尿病的切点值。③0.5 h PG 11.58 mmol/L,1 h PG11.69 mmol/L是诊断糖调节受损的切点值。     

640例肥胖患者血糖调节受损与非酒精性脂肪肝病关系的研究

目的:探讨肥胖血糖调节受损与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的关系。方法:对1030例肥胖者和30例非肥胖对照进行空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖耐量(GT)、餐后2h血糖(OGTT2hBG)和ALT、AST、TG检测和肝B超检查,并进行统计对照分析。结果:30~50岁男性是肥胖的易感人群,12~16岁儿童也不容忽视,占3.11%。根据FBG、GT测定值肥胖可分为:①单纯肥胖206例FBG<6.1mmol/L,OGTT2hBG<7.8mmol/L。②肥胖并糖调节受损(IGR)640例,占62.14%。FBG6.1~6.9mmol/L,其中糖耐量受损(IGT)400例,OGTT2hBG>7.8mmol/L。空腹血糖受损(IFG)240例,OGTT2hBG<7.8mmol/L。③肥胖并2型糖尿病(DM)144例,占13.80%,FBG>7.0mmol/L,OGTT2hBG>7.8mmol/L。单纯肥胖和对照IGR和单纯肥胖,DM和IGR相比,胰岛素抵抗指数与BMI值呈正相关,肥胖并IGR者是DM的后备军,肥胖IGR是NAFLD的危险因子。结论:肥胖并IGR与NAFLD关系极为密切,胰岛素增敏剂可能是它的基础治疗药物之一。     

中医中药防治糖耐量减低

糖耐量减低（葡萄糖耐量减低，IGT），系指空腹血糖正常而餐后血糖水平介于正常人与糖尿病患者血糖值的一种特殊的代谢状态。诊断标准：空腹血糖〈7．0mmol／L，口服75g葡萄糖的糖耐量试验（OGTT）中，2小时血糖7．8～11．0mmol／L。一般认为，IGT是糖尿病的前期表现，易转化为2型糖尿病，又易发生心、脑等大血管病变，且尚不能排除其发生微血管病变的可能性，所以，积极防治IGT十分重要。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.