大学生完美主义问卷的修订

目的:结合Hewitt和Flett的完美主义心理问卷和临床经验,对Frost完美主义问卷(FMPS)进行修订。方法:由350名大学生被试对项目增订后的问卷进行填写,采用探索性因素分析对问卷的因素进行检验。结果:问卷包含50个项目,四个维度(分量表),分别是担心出错、个人标准、条理性和父母要求。因素分析表明,四个维度解释总方差的42.31%,各维度的项目载荷在0.37～0.79之间。分量表分半信度为0.73～0.88,同质性信度为0.80～0.91,重测信度为0.68～0.80(P<0.01)。与FMPS相比,修订问卷增加了15个项目,合并了FMPS的两个维度,使得问卷结果统计和对结果的解释更为简洁。结论:修订后的大学生完美主义问卷具有令人满意的信效度,适合在大学生人群中使用。     

完美主义对抑郁的影响及人格的调节作用

目的：考察完美主义在控制个体的焦虑水平后对抑郁的影响，并且探索该过程可能存在的调节变量。方法：使用由Frost多维完美主义问卷（FMPS），Beck抑郁问卷（BDI），人格形容词检测表（PACL）和自评焦虑问卷（SAS）N成的结构问卷对北京和西安共8所大学的407名本科生进行测量。结果：分层回归表明“行为迟疑”和“错误在意”两个消极完美主义维度在控制焦虑水平后对抑郁有显著的预测作用；“合作性”人格在“条理组织”对抑郁的影响过程中有显著的调节作用。结论：完美主义各维度对抑郁有不同的影响，干预时应结合个体自身特点区别对待。     

医学生完美主义与社交回避及苦恼

目的探讨医学生完美主义、社交回避及苦恼的特点及两者的关系。方法采用中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷(CFMPS)和社交回避及苦恼量表(SAD)对401名医学本科生进行问卷调查。结果①医学生完美主义在人口统计学因素上存在差异;②社交回避及苦恼总分与完美主义总分(r=0.178,P<0.01),担心错误维度(r=0.223,P<0.01),父母期望维度(r=0.109,P<0.05),行动的疑虑维度(r=0.314,P<0.01),以及消极完美主义(r=0.213,P<0.01)均有显著正相关;③通过回归分析发现,行动的疑虑、担心错误和个人标准对社交回避及苦恼均具有一定的预测作用(R2=0.134,P<0.01)。结论医学生完美主义多个方面存在差异,完美主义影响社交回避及苦恼。     

大学生完美主义现状及其对孤独感的影响-自尊的中介作用

目的探讨大学生完美主义现状及其与孤独感的关系。方法采用孤独感、自尊(RSES)、中文Frost多维完美主义(CFMPS)问卷为研究工具对275名大学生进行了统一问卷施测。结果 1全体大学生完美主义总体平均得分为80.741分,处于中等水平;2在完美主义的个人标准维度上,存在性别,以及是否独生子女的差异:男生得分显著高于女生(t=2.086,P0.05),独生子女得分显著高于非独生子女(t=2.048,P0.05);3大学生完美主义量表中的"担心错误"维度(Beta=5.686,P0.001)和"行动疑虑"维度(Beta=0.127,P0.05)能显著预测孤独感;自尊在"担心错误"维度起部分中介作用,在"行动疑虑"维度起完全中介作用。结论大学生完美主义能预测孤独感,自尊在其中起部分中介作用。     

Frost多维完美主义量表在740名本科生中的试用

目的：建立Frost多维完美主义量表（Frost Mutidimensional Perfectionism Scale,FMPS）中文版,并测试其信效度。方法：740名本科生完成了FMPS,进行探索性和验证性因素分析,计算量表的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度、总分与各因子间的相关系数。结果：FMPS中文版父母期望因子在二阶因子分析时被删除,验证性因素分析指标χ2、RMSEA、NFI、NNFI、CFI分别为2722.26（P=0.000）、0.074、0.86、0.87、0.88。总量表和分量表的α系数都在0.60以上,间隔4周的重测信度为0.77。FMPS与SCL-90的总体相关均有统计学意义,其中不健康完美主义与SCL-90各因子均呈正相关（r=0.271～0.395,P〈0.01）,健康完美主义与SCL-90相关不显著;FMPS与IPIP-P呈正相关（r=0.257～0.554,P〈0.01）,与道家倾向呈负相关（r=-0.239～0.474,P〈0.01）;不健康完美主义与意识性呈负相关,健康完美主义与意识性呈正相关（r=0.505,P〈0.01）;不健康完美主义与自尊和生活满意度呈负相关。结论：FMPS适合于团体评价,其中父母期望因子不适合用来测量中国被试的完美主义。     

大学生对权威的畏惧感与心理健康的关系

目的:考察大学生对权威的畏惧感与心理健康的关系。方法:对222名大学生被试进行问卷测量,填写"对权威的畏惧感问卷"和焦虑、抑郁、惧怕否定等自评量表。对数据进行相关分析。结果:对权威的畏惧感与焦虑、抑郁、惧怕否定、完美主义等心理困扰存在中等强度的正相关,与孤独感和羞怯存在较弱的正相关,与自尊存在较弱的负相关。结论:对权威的畏惧感与一系列心理困扰有关,较高的对权威的畏惧感不利于心理健康。     

完美主义在依恋和抑郁间的中介效应研究

目的:探讨完美主义在依恋与抑郁之间的中介效应。方法:采用成人亲密关系经历量表中文修订版、近乎完美量表修订版的中文修订版和Beck抑郁问卷对500名大学生集体施测,用SPSS12.0和Lisrel 8.70进行数据分析。结果:完美主义的消极维度部分中介了依恋焦虑和抑郁间的关系、完全中介了依恋回避和抑郁间的关系,完美主义的积极维度与依恋焦虑、依恋回避和抑郁都不相关。结论:依恋焦虑和依恋回避促进了完美主义消极维度的形成,进而加重个体的抑郁。     

大学生完美主义对抑郁症状的预测研究

目的:在完美主义的双重过程模型的理论框架下,考察不同完美主义维度对抑郁的预测作用.方法:采用方便取样,选取湖南省某高校的在校大学生206名,每位参加者被要求先后参加两次测试,两次测试时间间隔4个月.第—次测试选用Frost多维完美主义量表(FMPS)、Hewitt多维完美主义量表(HMPS)、近乎完美主义量表(APS-R)、贝克抑郁问卷(BDI)、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)、自我效能感量表(GSES)、状态焦虑问卷(S-AI)和正性负性情绪量表(PANAS).第二次测试选用贝克抑郁问卷(BDI).结果:偏相关分析显示,适应不良完美主义与心理症状学指标显著正相关(Pr=0.36,0.46,0.58;P＜0.001),而适应性完美主义与积极心理指标显著正相关(Pr=0.22,0.32,0.33;P＜0.01).横断面研究显示,适应不良完美主义中的差异性、社会决定完美主义因子能显著正向预测抑郁症状(β=0.372,P＜0.001;β=0.264,P＜0.01);适应性完美主义各因子均不能显著预测抑郁症状(P＞0.05).纵向研究结果显示,完美主义各因子均不能显著地预测4个月后抑郁水平的变化(P＞0.05).结论:本研究支持了完美主义的双重过程模型.适应不良完美主义中的差异性、社会决定完美主义因子能显著的正向预测抑郁水平.     

大学生完美主义与成人依恋的关系研究

目的探讨大学生完美主义与成人依恋的关系。方法采用李同归等人修订的亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版和杨宏飞修订的Frost多维完美主义量表(FMPS)中文版对423名大学生进行问卷调查。结果 1成人依恋回避维度在性别上存在差异(t=4.679,P0.05),完美主义个人标准、怀疑行动维度在性别上存在差异(t=4.637,P0.05;t=7.414,P0.01);2自评成绩不同的大学生在完美主义的个人标准和关注错误2个维度上存在显著差异(t=0.0001,P0.001;t=0.001,P0.01);3消极完美主义与成人依恋回避、焦虑维度存在显著的正相关(r=0.104,P0.05;r=0.243,P0.01)。结论大学生成人依恋焦虑因素与消极完美主义相关。     

强迫性障碍完美主义心理及防御方式的病例对照研究

目的:探讨强迫性障碍患者的完美主义心理特点及其与心理防御机制之间的关系。方法:在本病例对照研究中,选取71名符合ICD-10精神与行为障碍分类中强迫性障碍诊断标准的门诊或住院患者(病例组),及71名按照性别、年龄(±5岁)、受教育程度进行配比的无精神障碍的志愿者(对照组),用中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷(Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale,CFMPS)、防御方式问卷(Defense Styles Questionnaire,DSQ)进行调查。结果:病例组的CFMPS总分[(88.5±16.2)vs.(63.0±10.7)]和担心错误[(16.4±6.4)vs.(11.6±4.0)]、行动的疑虑[(14.6±3.6)vs.(8.8±2.7)]、条理性[(23.4±5.3)vs.(17.2±4.1)]、个人标准[(19.6±5.1)vs.(14.8±3.7)]、父母期望[(14.5±5.0)vs.(10.7±3.5)]维度分,及DSQ的不成熟防御机制[(4.8±0.6)vs.(3.7±0.6)]、中间型防御机制[(4.9±0.5)vs.(4.2±0.6)]因子分均高于对照组,而DSQ的成熟防御机制因子分低于对照组[(3.8±0.6)vs.(5.7±0.8),P0.05]。完美主义总分与不成熟防御机制、中间型防御机制正相关(r=0.58,0.44,P0.01),与成熟防御机制负相关(r=-0.58,P0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示行动的疑虑是强迫性障碍的危险因素(OR=1.46;95%CI=1.09~1.94)。结论:强迫性障碍患者可能比正常人更追求完美,更多使用不成熟和中间型防御机制。     

The reliability and validity of the positive and negative perfectionism scale

Background: It has been debated if perfectionism is both positive and negative. This debate will more likely be resolved with scales that distinguish between positive and negative perfectionism, but currently there is limited psychometric information on these scales. Methods: This study examined the reliability and construct validity of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS) in three groups: A clinical sample with anxiety disorders and depression (n = 40), athletes (n = 111), and college students (n = 101). Results: There were two correlated factors of positive and negative perfectionism found on a confirmatory factor analysis although the solution was a poor fit. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) produced a solution that was consistent with this interpretation. The negative perfectionism subscale demonstrated good internal consistency, and moderate to strong correlations with all subscales of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). The positive perfectionism subscale had significant correlations with concern over mistakes and personal standards on the FMPS in all groups. The positive perfectionism subscale also had a significant, moderate correlation with depressive symptoms in the clinical group, which does not support the scale being associated with positive adjustment. Conclusion: The results indicate that the PANPS is not an adequate measure of positive and negative perfectionism.     

Hewitt多维完美主义量表在529名大学生中的试用与修订

目的测试Hwitt多维完美主义量表在中国大学生中的信度和效度，并对其进行修订。方法对650名大学生进行了测试，采用探索性和验证性因素分析对问卷的因素进行检验，计算量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度等。结果量表最后保留17个项目．可解释总方差的46.70％，各维度的项目栽荷在0.41～0，78之间。验证性因素分析指标χ^2、RMSEA、NFI、CFI、GFI分别为1045．259、0，066、0．900、0.896、0．920。总量表与分量表的α系数和重测信度都在0.68以上。结论修订后的HMPS具有较理想的信效度，较适合中国大学生使用。     

儿童自动思维量表在小学生中的信度和效度

目的:检验儿童自动思维量表在中国小学生样本中的信度和效度。方法:通过方便取样,对深圳市某小学811名小学生进行测查,进行验证性因素分析考察中文版儿童自动思维量表(Children’s automatic thoughts scale,CATS)的结构效度。1个月后对其中129人重测。以儿童抑郁量表,儿童焦虑量表和长处与困难问卷为工具考察中文版CATS的校标效度。结果:验证性因素分析显示,问卷的结构效度拟合度良好(χ~2/df=3.3475,GFI=0.97,NFI=0.957,RMR=0.059),总量表内部一致性系数为0.924,各分量表内部一致性系数为0.781~0.824;重测信度系数为0.602,校标效度较好。结论:中文版CATS在中国小学生群体中具有良好的信度和效度,可用于评估小学生的负性自动思维水平。     

Stability of attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance and their relationships with the five‐factor model and the psychobiological model of personality

Objectives. The stability of attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance and their relationship with influential personality models are issues worth further investigation. Studying discriminant validity with respect to aspects of personality deemed as prevalently heritable, such as temperament, is particularly important. Our aims were to examine the stability of attachment dimensions and to study their relationship with psychological distress, the Big Five factors, and temperament and character dimensions. Methods. The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Zung depression scale (ZDS), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI‐125), and the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) were administered to 222 undergraduate and graduate students. After 1 month, 115 participants completed again the ECR, the STAI, and the ZDS. Results. Attachment‐related anxiety was modestly correlated with depression and anxiety, while attachment‐related avoidance was modestly correlated with depression. The test–retest reliability of ECR scores was high. Changes in attachment‐related anxiety were not related to changes in depression or anxiety, and changes in attachment‐related avoidance were modestly correlated with changes in depression. In separate multiple regression models also including gender and age, attachment‐related anxiety was correlated with harm avoidance, reward dependence, low novelty seeking, low self‐directedness and low cooperativeness; low energy/extraversion and low emotional stability; attachment‐related avoidance was correlated with low reward dependence and tended to be correlated with low self‐directedness. Conclusions. These findings corroborate the reliability and the convergent and discriminant validity of the ECR, and support the notion that the attachment dimensions are only modestly related to psychological distress and are not redundant with constructs developed within influential personality models such as the five‐factor model and the psychobiological model.     

中国大学生多维完美主义量表在728名大学生中的试用

目的测定中国大学生多维完美主义量袁在非原始样本中的实用性。方法对800名大学生被试的测试结果进行探索性和验证性因素分析等统计处理。结果量表项目聚合为6个维度（分量表），分别是完美期待、个人高标准、担心错误、务理性、自省和重要他人要求。6个维度可解释总方差的54．09％，各维度的项目载荷在0．42～0．80之间，分量表的分半信度为0．73～0．86．同质性信度为0．70～0．89，重测信度为0．73～0．88（P〈0．01），与SCL～90的相关为0．42～0．57。验证性因素分析指标χ^2、RMSEA、NFI、CFI、GFI分别为1123．876、0．079、0．835、0．885、0．832。结论中国大学生多维完美主义量表在大学生群体中具有较理想的信效度，适合其使用。     

中文版焦虑敏感性指数-3在社区人群中的应用:基于双因素模型

目的:考察中文版焦虑敏感性指数-3的结构以及在社区样本中的适用性。方法:方便抽取黑龙江省某市和湖南省某市的社区人群609人填写问卷进行结构效度、信度等分析,其中101人进行间隔3周的重测,108人完成效标问卷。结果:中文版焦虑敏感性指数-3呈现出双因素结构,公共因素为焦虑敏感性,特殊因素分别为社会关注、认知关注和身体关注。双因素模型拟合良好(χ²/df=3.874,CFI=0.907,TLI=0.913,RMSEA=0.045,AIC=419.357,BIC=571.921)。量表的解释方差公共比例为0.585,未受影响的相关比例为0.706,同质性系数为0.774。总量表及社会关注、认知关注和身体关注分量表的合成信度分别为0.946、0.867、0.905、0.894,内部一致性信度分别为0.895、0.743、0.806、0.790,重测信度分别为0.842、0.773、0.760、0.815。焦虑敏感性及社会关注、认知关注和身体关注维度均与焦虑、抑郁、体验回避存在显著正相关。结论:中文版焦虑敏感性指数-3符合双因素模型结构,在社区人群中具有良好的信效度。     

The relationship between maternal attitudes and symptoms of depression and anxiety among pregnant and postpartum first-time mothers

Two studies examined the relationship between maternal attitudes and symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and the early postpartum period. In the first study, a measure of maternal attitudes, the Attitudes Toward Motherhood Scale (AToM), was developed and validated in a sample of first-time mothers. The AToM was found to have good internal reliability and convergent validity with cognitive biases and an existing measure of maternal attitudes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses determined that the measure comprises three correlated factors: beliefs about others’ judgments, beliefs about maternal responsibility, and maternal role idealization. In the second study, we used the AToM to assess the relationship between maternal attitudes and other psychological variables. The factor structure of the measure was confirmed. Maternal attitudes predicted symptoms of depression and anxiety, and these attitudes had incremental predictive validity over general cognitive biases and interpersonal risk factors. Overall, the results of these studies suggest that maternal attitudes are related to psychological distress among first-time mothers during the transition to parenthood and may provide a useful means of identifying women who may benefit from intervention during the perinatal period.     

中国青少年完美主义量表在827名大学生中的应用

目的测定中国青少年完美主义量表在大学生中的实用性。方法对827名大学生被试的测试结果进行探索性和验证性因素分析等统计处理。结果量表项目聚合为6个维度(分量表),分别是完美期待、个人高标准、担心错误、条理性、自省和父母要求。6个维度可解释总方差的53.37%,各维度的项目载荷在0.43～0.86之间。分量表的分半信度为0.72～0.88,同质性信度为0.80～0.91,重测信度为0.76～0.90(P<0.01),与SCL-90的相关为0.41～0.60。验证性因素分析指标χ2、RM-SEA、NFI、CFI、GFI分别为4782.631、0.067、0.804、0.863、0.870。结论中国青少年完美主义量表在大学生群体中具有较理想的信效度,适合其使用。