Antihyperlipidemic effect of Scoparia dulcis (sweet broomweed) in streptozotocin diabetic rats

We have investigated Scoparia dulcis, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic medicine in India, for its possible antihyperlipidemic effect in rats with streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. Oral administration of an aqueous extract of S. dulcis plant (200 mg/kg of body weight) to streptozotocin diabetic rats for 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum and tissue cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activity, and very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The decreased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, anti-atherogenic index, and HMG-CoA reductase activity in diabetic rats were also reversed towards normalization after the treatment. Similarly, the administration of S. dulcis plant extract (SPEt) to normal animals resulted in a hypolipidemic effect. The effect was compared with glibenclamide (600 microg/kg of body weight). The results showed that SPEt had antihyperlipidemic action in normal and experimental diabetic rats in addition to its antidiabetic effect.     

维生素A缺乏对大鼠铁营养状况的影响

目的 研究维生素A(VA)缺乏对大鼠铁营养状况的影响及其可能的机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠40只．按体重随机分为IVA和铁缺乏组，ⅡVA完全缺乏组，ⅢVA轻度缺乏组，Ⅳ VA正常对照组。实验动物喂饲8周后处死，测定血清VA、血清铁、铁蛋白、血红蛋白、肝内总铁含量，并用逆转录一聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测各组大鼠肝脏转铁蛋白mRNA的表达情况。结果 维生素A缺乏显地降低血清铁蛋白、血红蛋白和肝内总铁含量。抑制肝脏转铁蛋白mRNA的表达。结论 维生素A缺乏可能通过降低肝脏转铁蛋白mRNA的表达水平从而抑制了铁的吸收和转运。     

Effect of chronic ethanol consumption on selenium status and utilization in rats

Effects of chronic ingestion of 2 levels of alcohol on selenium (Se) utilization were determined in initially Se-depleted rats. Male weanling rats were fed ad lib a Se deficient (0.012 mg/kg) basal diet for 4 weeks and then were meal-fed low or marginally adequate Se in the form of high Se yeast for 4 weeks. During Se repletion, ethanol, which replaced medium-chain triglycerides in the diet, provided 10 or 20 percent of food energy. The basal diet provided 80% of food energy as well as adequate protein, vitamins and minerals. In rats given adequate Se moderate chronic ethanol consumption did not influence Se absorption or retention, but increasing ethanol level raised Se in liver and whole blood in a linear fashion and in kidney in a quadratic manner. In this rat model measures of Se status were reduced by low Se intake, not chronic moderate ethanol ingestion.     

Influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant status in streptozotocin diabetic rats

The present study was carried out to assess the influence of sesame oil on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, and status of antioxidants in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult female albino Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g by administration of STZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitonially. Both normal and diabetic rats were fed with a commercial diet containing 2% oil supplemented with 6% sesame oil for 42 days. Diabetic rats had elevated levels of blood glucose (322.61 +/- 9.49 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, vitamin E, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides and decreased levels of hemoglobin, vitamin C, and reduced glutathione (GSH). An increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and a decrease in hexokinase activity were observed in liver and kidney tissues. When diabetic rats fed with sesame oil were compared with diabetic rats, a significant reduction in levels of blood glucose (222.02 +/- 8.27 mg/dL), glycosylated hemoglobin, TBARS, and lipid hydroperoxides and glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities and an elevation in hemoglobin, vitamin E, and GSH levels and hexokinase activity were observed. Thus, sesame oil consumption influences beneficially the blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant levels in diabetic rats.     

维生素B_6营养状况对喂予硒酸钠大鼠组织中硒存留率的影响

目的研究维生素B6营养状况对组织中硒存留率的影响。方法选择4周龄初断乳雄性大鼠饲缺维生素B6、缺硒的酪蛋白蔗糖基础饲料,3周后按体重随机把动物分成6组,即在缺硒缺维生素B6基础饲料中补硒酸钠形式硒0.25mgkg和不同剂量的盐酸吡哆醇0、1.0、2.5和5.0mgkg。实验为期4周,在试验结束前3天,进行3天代谢试验,收集粪便。结果与补充维生素B6各组相比,缺乏维生素B6组的大鼠体重和饲料利用率显著降低,心、肝、肾脏重量和硒存留率也显著降低,但对睾丸重量和硒存留率没有显著影响;维生素B6的营养状况对硒的表观吸收率和存留率没有明显的影响。结论补充适宜量维生素B6有助于改善动物的生长发育和增加组织中硒存留。     

Effect of compound Puerarin on the collage IV in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of compound Puerarin on collagen IV of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Diabetic nephropathy rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were allocated randomly to control group (10), diabetes model group (10), Vitamin C group (10), Puerarin group (10), vitamin C plus Puerarin group (10). The study period lasted for 12 weeks. During and after the treatment, the general state, blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, serum collagen IV, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary albumin excretion rate of the 24-hour, and clearance rate of creatinine collagen IV protein were determined by immunohistochemistoche analysis as well as type the gene expression of collagen IV alpha 1 mRNA were determined by in situ hybridization analysis in the kidney tissue of different groups. RESULTS: (1) Diabetes mellitus and renal function lesion occurred in the four groups. (2) Vitamin C and Puerarin could improve the general conditions of diabetic Rats, decrease blood urea nitrogen [(8.68 +/- 0.43), (7.98 +/- 0.47) and (5.76 +/- 0.82) micromol/L, serum creatinine [(74.68 +/- 8.20), (75.52 +/- 7.98) and (58.66 +/- 6.65) mmol/L], and urinary albumin excretion rate of the 24-hour [(18.40 +/- 0.37), (17.24 +/- 0.30) and (9.97 +/- 1.27) mg/24 h x 10(-3)]; increase clearance rate of creatinine [(0.59 +/- 0.21), (0.61 +/- 0.14) and (0.69 +/- 0.32) ml/min], the expression of collage IV absorbance [(111.56 +/- 14.61), (110.78 +/- 9.69) and (95.44 +/- 9.97) ] in the diabetic Rats were significantly inhibited at the same time. CONCLUSION: The compound Puerarin might have some functions on preventing ren by inhibiting expression of type IV collagen.     

广州市孕妇硒碘营养状况调查

目的　了解广州市孕妇孕中、晚期硒碘营养状况。方法　用砷铈接触法测定尿碘 ,用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定血清甲状腺素 (T4)、促甲状腺激素 (TSH) ,荧光光度法测定静脉全血硒。结果　孕中期血硒含量 (0 1375± 0 0 96 9) μg/ml及孕晚期血硒含量 (0 15 2 8± 0 0 85 9) μg/ml,远低于我国中硒区成人血硒值 (0 35± 0 0 2 ) μg/ml。孕中、晚期血硒含量无明显变化 (P >0 0 5 )。孕中期尿碘中位数为 2 4 9 3μg/L ,<10 0 μg/L者占 4 5 % ;孕晚期尿碘中位数为 2 4 1 2 μg/L ,<10 0 μg/L者占 12 5 % ,两期尿碘值自身比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。孕中期血清T 4(15 7 0± 6 6 4 )nmol/L ,在正常范围者占 5 8 2 % ;孕晚期血清T4(12 4 4± 5 9 4 )nmol/L ,在正常范围者占 78 3%。孕中期血清TSH(中位数 3 9mU/L) >5mU/L者占 34 3% ,孕晚期血清TSH (中位数 6 9mU/L) >5mU/L者占81 8%。中晚期自身比较TSH >5mU/L与 >5mU/L的人数构成差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　广州市孕妇硒碘营养状况良好 ,孕晚期血清TSH >5mU/L者 (81 8% )较多 ,与尿碘、T4水平不一致 ,有待进一步研究。     

Effect of intermittent supplementation with selenate on selenium status of rats fed selenium-deficient diet

To examine the selenium (Se) status of rats intermittently supplemented with Se, we measured tissue Se contents and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in rats fed a Se-deficient diet intermittently supplemented with selenate. In experiment 1, four groups of male 4-wk-old Wistar rats were fed a Torula yeast-based Se-deficient diet (Se content, < 0.01 microg/g) for 28 d. During the experimental period, the diet of each group was supplemented with sodium selenate (0.17 microg Se/g) for 0, 1, 2 or 7 d/wk. The tissue Se contents and GPx activities both increased gradually with an increase in frequency of the selenate supplementation, and significant linear regressions were observed between the frequency and these Se indices. In particular, the correlation coefficient in the liver and plasma indices was nearly equal to a value of 1.0. In experiment 2, three groups of rats were fed the Se-deficient basal diet for 28 d. Among these, one group was daily supplemented with sodium selenate to the Se-deficient diet at a level of 0.17 microg Se/g, and another group was intermittently supplemented with the selenate at a level of 1.19 microg Se/g for 1 d/wk. The tissue Se contents and GPx activities both were increased by the selenate supplementation and no significant difference was observed between daily and weekly supplementation in the Se indices except in erythrocyte Se. These results indicate that Se status in the growth period is dependent on total Se intake in this period and that weekly intermittent supplementation with Se can maintain adequate Se status.     

儿童期营养状况对成年期健康状况影响的分析研究

目的探讨儿童青少年期营养状况对成年期健康状况的影响。方法使用"中国居民健康与营养调查"项目1991年到2006年间的6轮中在1991年调查时满2周岁、未满18周岁且每次调查时都保存在研究队列中并且有完整调查结果者。利用重复测量数据的混合效应模型分别研究男女对象从儿童期到成年期BMI的变化趋势。利用Cox比例风险模型,研究成年期发生高血压的风险概率。结果儿童期的消瘦、超重肥胖状态,对成年期显示出了轨迹性的影响。儿童期营养状况和父母教育水平是成年后发生高血压的危险因素,男性研究对象蛋白质摄入每增加1g,不发生高血压的风险比为0.991。女性研究对象能量摄入每增加1kcal/d,不发生高血压的风险比为0.9997。结论儿童期的营养健康状况表现出对成年期健康状况会发生持续影响的趋势。     

Effect of fat proportion to glucose in peripheral parenteral nutrition on nutritional status in normal rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal fat proportion to glucose in peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). PPN solutions consisting of dextrose + amino acids + fat (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of total energy as fat) were administered parenterally at a rate of 120 kcal/kg/day for 5 days to normal rats, after which the effects on the nutritional status were assessed. Body weight change and cumulative nitrogen balance during the 5 day PPN period tended to increase with increasing fat dose until the 40% fat group. Serum triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free fatty acid (FFA) and total cholesterol (T-CHO) levels increased with increasing fat dose. Specifically, PL, T-CHO and FFA levels in the 50% fat group were especially higher than that in the normal group. Although the rats were administered with the same composition and dose of amino acid, serum Thr, Trp, Ala and Pro levels tended to decrease with increasing fat dose, with serum Ala and Pro levels in the 50% fat group being lower than that in the normal group. Hepatic glycogen content also tended to decrease with increasing fat dose. These results suggest that gluconeogenesis in the liver is increased in the 50% fat group due to low dextrose dose. In the 40% fat group, although serum PL and T-CHO levels were significantly higher, hepatic glycogen content and serum Ala levels were not significantly different compared with 0% fat group. It was therefore concluded that the optimal fat proportion in the rats receiving an energy intake below the basal energy requirements is 40% of total energy as fat.     

不同锌营养状况对大鼠铁代谢的影响

目的研究不同锌营养状况对大鼠铁代谢和肝脏铁调节蛋白(IRP)mRNA、铁蛋白(Fn)mRNA及转铁蛋白受体(TfR)mRNA的影响。方法 40只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为4组,每组10只,铁和锌正常对照组(ZA组),铁正常锌缺乏组(ZD组),铁和锌正常配饲组(PF组),铁正常锌过量组(ZE组)。喂饲8周后麻醉处死,取大鼠肝脏、脾脏和血清,测定血红蛋白,血清锌、血清铁、血清转铁蛋白受体、血清铁蛋白、肝脏铁和锌含量、脾脏铁和锌含量,并用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测各组大鼠IRP2 mRNA和肝脏TfR mRNA以及Fn mRNA的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,锌过量使肝脏和脾脏铁含量、血清铁水平显著降低(P<0.05);锌缺乏使肝脏铁含量、血清转铁蛋白受体水平显著增高(P<0.05),同时,血清铁水平显著降低(P<0.05);锌缺乏时肝脏IRP mRNA及TfR mRNA表达显著增强。结论锌缺乏可能通过影响铁吸收、储存、转运来影响体内铁的营养状况。锌缺乏通过改变IRP2表达、IRP-RNA结合活性,在转录后水平改变TfR mRNA和FnmRNA表达,影响铁稳态。     

氟对大鼠硒代谢的影响

为研究氟和硒的相互作用，按３×３析因实验设计，将氟和硒相配成９种实验饲料（氟水平为１、１５和６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料，硒水平为０．０３、０．３和５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料），分别给予雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，饲养１３周。结果显示：氟（６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）虽对食用不同硒水平饲料大鼠体重增长和进食量无影响，但氟可缓解动物因硒中毒而引起全血谷胱甘肽含量和肛谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力下降，并且组织中有硒含量减少和毛硒含量增加的趋势。另一方面可见硒（５．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料）能降低氟在骨骼中的积蓄。由此可认为氟和硒在体内存在拮抗作用。     

硒碘对大鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力及甲状腺激素代谢的影响──Ⅱ．硒碘营养状态对大鼠甲状腺激素代谢的影响

用四种硒水平饲料和两种碘含量饮水饲养大鼠观察了其甲状腺激素（ＴＨ）代谢。硒组间肝脏、肾脏Ⅰ型脱碘酶（ＩＤⅠ）活力、血清Ｔａ含量差异显著；两碘组间甲状腺重量、甲状腺过氧化物酶（ＴＰＯ）活力。甲状腺碘含量、肾脏ＩＤⅠ及大脑Ⅱ型脱碘酶（ＩＤⅡ）活力差异明显；Ⅰ－（不加碘）组中甲状腺ＩＤⅠ活力与血清三碘甲腺原氨酸（Ｔａ）含量呈显著正相关。提示硒缺乏通过ＩＤⅠ影响ＴＨ代谢继而影响大脑ＩＤⅡ活力并可加重碘缺乏的效应；低碘时甲状腺ＩＤⅠ在维持循环Ｔａ含量中起重要作用；碘缺乏有可能增加硒缺乏的效应；硒、碘对ＴＨ代谢的影响可能在一定程度上取决于自身和对方的营养状态。     

Effects of selenium and zinc supplementation on nutritional status in patients with cancer of digestive tract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral administration of selenium and zinc tablets in patients with cancer of the digestive tract during chemotherapy. DESIGN: A case-control, randomized study. SETTING: Medical Oncology, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy. SUBJECTS: A total of 60 patients (median age 55 y, range 46-61 y) with diagnosis of gut cancer were randomized in 1999. Patients were treated for 60 days with chemotherapy. INTERVENTIONS: Trace elements were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The nutritional status of the patients was assessed by biochemical and bio-impedance analysis (BIA) parameters in basal condition and after 60 days of treatment. Oral administration of selenium and zinc in oral tablet form for 50 days was Se 200 microg/day (50 microg/tablet) and Zn 21 mg/day (7 mg/tablet). RESULTS: Both in the basal condition and at 60 days all patients were malnourished. Selenium and zinc concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.01) whereas copper concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in cancer patients than in control subjects. However, 21/30 (70%) of those treated with Se and Zn did not showed a further worsening of nutritional status and experienced a significant decrease of asthenia with an increase of appetite. On the other hand, 24/30 (80%) untreated patients had a significant decline of all parameters studied after 60 days (prealbumin, cholesterol, transferrin, P < 0.05 vs 0 time; total proteins, albumin/globulin ratio, P < 0.01 vs 0 time; fat-free mass, fat mass, Na+/K+ ratio, body mass index P < 0.05 vs 0 time; fat free mass/fat mass, total body water, extra cellular/intra cellular water, basal metabolic rate: P < 0.01 vs 0 time). CONCLUSIONS: Data indicate that Se and Zn supplementation may improve the clinical course of general conditions in patients with gut cancer. These effects of Se and Zn require confirmation in an independent trial of appropriate design before new public health recommendations regarding Se and Zn supplementation can be made.     

Modulatory effect of Scoparia dulcis in oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetic rats

In light of evidence that diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress and altered antioxidant status, we investigated the effect of Scoparia dulcis plant extracts (SPEt) (aqueous, ethanolic, and chloroform) in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Significant increases in the activities of insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E were observed in liver, kidney, and brain on treatment with SPEt. In addition, the treated groups also showed significant decreases in blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and hydroperoxide formation in tissues, suggesting its role in protection against lipid peroxidation-induced membrane damage. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that extracts of S. dulcis, especially the aqueous extract, showed a modulatory effect by attenuating the above lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetes.     

补充微量营养素对儿童营养状况的影响

【目的】　研究补充多种微量营养素对儿童营养状况的影响,为促进儿童健康成长提供理论依据。　【方法】　选择浙江省仙居县某所小学在校9~12岁小学儿童,经常规健康体检,将健康儿童220名,随机分成两组,一组为微量营养素补充组,服用多种微量营养素片,另一组为空白对照组,补充期为6个月。试验前和结束时,测定血清视黄醇和25 (OH)D3 含量,进行维生素B1、维生素B2 和维生素C的4 h尿负荷试验。　【结果】　干预试验前后,补充组与对照组儿童的血清视黄醇含量、维生素A缺乏的发生率差异均无显著性(P均> 0.05)。试验结束时,两组儿童的血清25 (OH)D3 水平都比干预试验前显著降低,但是对照组降低的幅度显著大于补充组(P<0.001),并且补充组试验后的降低值显著低于对照组(P<0.01);补充组儿童的4 h负荷尿中维生素B2 和维生素C排出量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且补充组维生素C的增加值非常显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。　【结论】　补充多种微量营养素能维持儿童的血清25 (OH)D3 水平在适宜范围,改善儿童的维生素B2 和维生素C营养状况。