胚芽抽吸法减胎术122例临床分析

目的:探讨孕早期多胎妊娠经阴道行胚芽抽吸法减胎术的可靠性、安全性及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对辅助生殖技术程序中的122例多胎妊娠患者,于孕早期采用胚芽抽吸法行减胎术。结果:一次性手术成功率为99.2%,总流产率11.5%,平均分娩孕周37.4周,新生儿体重2550g,新生儿未见严重的体表及内脏畸形。结论:对于孕早期多胎妊娠,胚芽抽吸减胎技术确为一有效、安全、且操作相对简便的补救性治疗措施。     

三种经阴道减胎术的比较研究

选择性减胎术作为多胎妊娠的补救措施[1,2],能有效地降低多胎妊娠给母儿带来的风险。目前常用的减胎方法有经腹或经阴道途径。经阴道减胎术多用于妊娠早期,国内常用胎心氯化钾注射和胎儿心脏负压吸引法[3]。本研究分析了胎心注射氯化钾、卵黄囊负压抽吸、胎芽负压抽吸3种减胎方     

选择性减胎术成功治疗子宫疤痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠1例报道及文献复习

目的:探讨子宫疤痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠的选择性减胎术的治疗效果。方法:报道1例孕7周确诊为子宫疤痕妊娠合并宫内妊娠患者,经阴道超声指导下实施疤痕妊娠胚胎抽吸减胎术,同时进行文献复习。结果:成功实施了选择性减胎术,疤痕妊娠被终止,宫内妊娠继续,于孕35+3周剖宫产分娩一健康婴儿,无并发症发生。结论:疤痕妊娠选择性减胎术对需要保留宫腔妊娠的患者是侵入性最小且比较安全的治疗方法。     

选择性减胎术在中期妊娠的应用

目的　探讨选择性减胎术在中期妊娠的应用及其注意事项。　方法　对 19例多胎妊娠孕妇在妊娠 12～ 2 5周行选择性减胎术。其中双胎 6例 ,三胎 11例 ,四胎、六胎各 1例。在超声引导下经腹向胎儿心内或胸腔内注入高浓度的氯化钾。　结果　 6例双胎除 1例单绒毛膜双胎外均获减胎成功 ;11例三胎 ,除 1例减胎后计划生育引产 ,1例单卵三胎外 ,9例中 7例减胎成功 ,2例减胎后流产 ;1例四胎减胎成功 ;1例六胎减胎后流产。　结论　选择性减胎术可成功应用于妊娠中期 ,母亲无严重的并发症 ,但有一定的流产率。如果减胎术前能排除单卵双胎或单卵三胎 ,或能选择近宫底的妊娠囊进行减胎 ,或能将被减胎儿的羊水抽尽 ,或推迟减胎的时间 ,可能会降低流产率。     

辅助生殖技术(ART)助孕获得多胎妊娠行减胎术后妊娠结局观察

目的:探讨辅助生殖技术(ART)获得的多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术的有效性和安全性。方法:以经ART助孕获得多胎妊娠行经阴道减胎术的患者123例为减胎组,根据减胎后保留的胎儿数分为双胎组(A组,n=90)和单胎组(B组,n=33)。另以同期经ART助孕获得单胎妊娠(C组,n=36)和双胎妊娠(D组,n=57)的患者为对照组。回顾性分析患者的妊娠结局及妊娠期并发症发生情况。结果:减胎组的减胎成功率为100.0%,妊娠成功率为91.9%。A组胎膜早破发生率、早产发生率、新生儿低出生体质量发生率、新生儿重症监护室(NICU)入住率均高于B组(P<0.05)。结论:多胎妊娠孕早期行经阴道减胎术安全、有效、可行。多胎妊娠实施减胎术中减为单胎更为安全。     

多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术17例分析

目的研究多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术的可行性、安全性及对妊娠的影响.方法17例多胎妊娠孕早期在B超引导下,将穿刺针选择性进入1个或2个胚胎的心管搏动处,反复抽吸或注入少量药物致心搏停止.结果14例经阴道减胎术单次成功,3例经腹部减胎2～3次成功.2例足月剖宫分娩,2例孕32周、孕34周提前剖宫术.5例晚期流产.2例因感染而分别于术后第3、第7天流产.6例继续妊娠.多胎妊娠的减胎术成功率88.2%(15/17).总流产率41.2%(7/17).已分娩的8个新生儿健康.结论在B超引导下,多胎妊娠早期选择性减胎术是安全、有效治疗多胎妊娠的方法.     

阴道超声引导胚胎减灭术在少见部位异位妊娠中的应用

目的 探讨阴道超声引导胚胎减灭术在少见部位异位妊娠治疗中的应用价值。方法 2005年1月～2006年10月在北京大学第三医院生殖医学中心10例少见部位异位妊娠行阴道超声引导胚胎减灭术，并对治疗结局进行追踪和分析。结果 患者年龄25～37岁，妊娠周数7～8周。宫颈妊娠4例（宫颈合并宫腔内妊娠1例），输卵管间质部妊娠4例，宫角妊娠2例。6例超声显示异位妊娠囊内胎心搏动。hCG水平范围为4826～122300IU／L。术后1周血清hcG升高3例，其余术后血清hCG逐渐下降。1例间质部妊娠术后1周hCG水平升高，行第2次穿刺术时出现腹腔内出血症状和体征，急行腹腔镜探查和一侧输卵管切除术。其余患者血hCG4～8周降至正常，异位病灶3～5个月恢复正常。结论 阴道超声引导胚胎减灭术合并局部注射MTX作为一种微创技术，可安全有效地应用于非常见部位异位妊娠的保守治疗。     

多胎妊娠妇女孕中期选择性减胎术的临床应用

目的 通过对多胎妊娠妇女于孕中期行选择性减胎术,研究其手术指症、时机、安全性、目标胎儿的选择标准和减灭胎儿数,探讨选择性减胎术在改善多胎妊娠结局中的作用.方法 对37例孕12周+1～25周多胎妊娠孕妇(6例双胎、21例三胎、8例四胎、2例五胎,共117个胎儿)在超声引导下经腹行选择性减胎术,按产科医疗指征,在拟被减的46个胎儿心脏内注射10%氯化钾2～5 ml,见胎心逐渐减慢至停跳视为减胎术成功.术后定期产前检查和监测凝血功能,记录妊娠期并发症及妊娠结局.结果 (1)成功率:共减去胎儿46个,减胎成功率为100%(46/46个胎儿),已有27例孕妇分娩,获24个健康新生儿,妊娠成功率为88.9%(24/27).(2)分娩孕周:＞36周分娩者15例;32～36周7例;28～32周3例;＜28周流产者2例;正在妊娠中10例.平均分娩孕周(34.9±4.1)周,孕28周后分娩率为92.6%(25/27).(3)新生儿平均出生体重:单胎妊娠新生儿平均出生体重为(3014±640)g,双胎妊娠为(2557±573)g,三胎妊娠中除1例两个胎儿存活(出生体重分别为1400及1500 g)外,其余均死亡.(4)安全性:除2例单羊膜囊双胎在减灭1个胎儿后,另1个胎儿随即死亡外,其余多胎妊娠妇女的保留胎儿均未发生胎死宫内.(5)并发症:37例多胎妊娠妇女中仅3例发生子痫前期,减胎术后均无凝血功能障碍发生.(6)阴道流血:有13例孕妇减胎术前发生阴道流血,其中1例在妊娠13周强烈要求减胎,减胎术后于孕22周流产;另12例均在阴道流血停止1周以上后施行减胎.结论 (1)孕中期选择性多胎妊娠减胎术,可以有效减少多胎妊娠胎儿数目、避免异常胎儿出生,降低孕产妇并发症,提高新生儿出生体重.(2)胎儿保留数目以达双胎为好.(3)减胎术前有阴道流血者,避免在流血期间减胎,应选择在流血停止1周以上进行.(4)孕中期多胎妊娠减胎术不会造成孕妇的凝血功能障碍,也不会造成保留胎儿的宫内死亡,安全性好;减胎术后子痫前期的发病率明显下降.     

选择性减胎术治疗宫内合并宫角妊娠5例的临床分析

目的:探讨宫内合并宫角妊娠(CHP)的临床特征以及选择性减胎术治疗CHP的安全性、有效性、可行性和对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年12月郑州大学第一附属医院产科收治的5例经选择性减胎术治疗的CHP患者的临床资料。结果:4例采用体外受精胚胎移植术受孕，1例促排卵后受孕。1例轻微腹胀，1例下腹胀痛伴少量阴道流血，余3例均未见明显的临床症状。确诊孕周为6⁺⁴～7⁺⁶周，1例接受经腹壁穿刺射频消融减胎术；余4例均采用经阴道穿刺选择性减胎术，其中3例行单纯孕囊抽吸，1例因孕周偏大联合使用了10%氯化钾0.6 ml,手术顺利。1例死产，共获4例健康新生儿，活产率为80%,2例足月产，2例早产，均行剖宫产终止妊娠，新生儿未见重大畸形。结论:CHP的临床表现特异性差，确诊多依赖孕早期阴道超声检查。传统的手术治疗创伤大、术中出血多，容易造成宫内妊娠的丢失，而选择性减胎术治疗CHP的成功为其临床治疗提供了新的选择。     

体外受精-胚胎移植术后宫内妊娠合并输卵管间质部妊娠6例临床分析

目的探讨体外受精－胚胎移植术(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF-ET)后宫内妊娠合并输卵管间质部妊娠的临床特点和治疗方法。 方法回顾性分析2014年3月至2018年12月暨南大学医学院附属深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院妇产科收治IVF-ET后宫内妊娠合并输卵管间质部妊娠的6例临床资料及治疗方法。 结果6例患者均采用手术治疗,其中4例开腹手术,2例腹腔镜手术,发生早期流产1例,活产分娩5例,无子宫破裂及新生儿畸形发生。 结论宫内妊娠合并输卵管间质部妊娠主要依靠阴道超声诊断,手术治疗可获得良好妊娠结局,腹腔镜手术是安全可行的。     

Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and instillation of hyperosmolar glucose for treatment of unruptured tubal heterotopic pregnancy

Objectives To report a case of tubal heterotopic pregnancy (HP) treated conservatively with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and instillation of hyperosmolar glucose. Methods Aspiration of the tubal ectopic pregnancy and hyperosmolar glucose instillation was performed with a 16-gauge needle under transvaginal ultrasound guidance. Results Unruptured tubal HP with positive cardiac activity was treated successfully without any further interventions, and intrauterine pregnancy has reached full-term without any complications. Conclusions Early diagnosis of this life-threatening condition is the key to its successful treatment. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and hyperosmolar glucose injection can be safely performed for the treatment of unruptured tubal HP.     

Aspiration of ectopic pregnancy under guidance of vaginal ultrasonography.

This case report describes the treatment of tubal pregnancy by aspiration of the gestational sac content and injection of methotrexate by transvaginal sonographic guidance. The confirmation of the embryo aspiration as indicated by disappearance of the embryo with its heart beat and the resulting 46,XY karyotype, raises the question whether methotrexate injection is necessary.     

Alternative to surgery of treatment of unruptured interstitial pregnancy: 15 cases of medical treatment

Objective: To evaluate medical treatment of interstitial pregnancy. Methods: This series was a retrospective study of medical treatment of interstitial pregnancies which was managed in two French Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Bichat public Hospital, Paris and A. Béclère public Hospital, Clamart, France). Fifteen patients with clear evidence of an unruptured interstitial pregnancy were treated by injection of methotrexate (MTX) or potassium chloride (KCL) without surgery since January 1988. The diagnosis was established either by sonography and laparoscopic confirmation in eight cases or by only transvaginal ultrasound in seven cases. Three out of 15 cases in this series, had a heterotopic pregnancy who were treated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided injection of KCL. Others received systemic MTX injection in four cases, and local MTX injection in eight cases under either laparoscopy or transvaginal ultrasound guidance. Four different protocols of MTX (Ledertrexate^R) administration was performed in this series with time: at the beginning of our experience, MTX1 protocol, 15 mg i.m. daily for 5 days was used; and after MTX2 protocol, 1 mg/kg body weight i.m. daily for 4 days; MTX3 protocol, 1 mg/kg body weight intratubal associated with 1 mg/kg body weight i.m. daily for 3 days; and now MTX4 protocol, only intratubal 1 mg/kg body weight is especially used. The success was defined as declining serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to undetectable levels, and no further surgical management was required. Outcome of subsequent fertility was also evaluated. Results: Complete resolution was obtained in 13 (86.6%) out of 15 interstitial pregnancies. Two out of 15 patients, with medical treatment's failure required secondary surgery. No severe side effects of medical treatment were observed. Follow-up hysterosalpingography was performed in 12 patients showing 91.7% tubal patency on the side of interstitial pregnancy. Outcome of intra-uterine pregnancy of the three patients who had heterotopic gestation, was two miscarriages and one delivery at term. Out of the other 12 patients in this series, nine became pregnant within 1 year: eight pregnancies at term, and one induced abortion. At present, among the last three patients, two have no desire to conceive. Conclusion: Our results suggest that unruptured interstitial pregnancies now can be managed with local MTX administration of 1 mg/kg body weight under transvaginal ultrasound or under laparoscopy procedure. This approach is particularly attractive in these patients, where the only alternative to therapy is laparotomy with cornual resection.     

卵泡期经阴道小卵泡穿刺抽吸术治疗多囊卵巢综合征排卵障碍

目的 探讨对克罗米芬治疗无反应的多囊卵巢综合征患者在卵泡期经阴道小卵泡穿刺抽吸术后,使用促性腺激素诱发排卵时卵泡的发育及其结局。方法 选择17例对克罗米芬治疗无反应,或对促性腺激素治疗发生卵巢过度刺激或无反应,但输卵管通畅、男方精液正常的多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者,在月经(人工周期)第5天给予促性腺激素治疗,给药5d后,在B超指引下经阴道行小卵泡穿刺抽吸术,双侧卵巢仅留1—2个较大卵泡,术后继续给予促性腺激素,观察卵泡发育、排卵和妊娠情况及血中性激素水平变化。结果 17例中除2例(11．8％)对该治疗方法无反应外,15例出现优势卵泡发育和排卵,其中单卵泡发育9例(52．9％),双卵泡发育4例(23.5％),3卵泡发育2例(11．8％),发育的优势卵泡全部排卵。总共有7例妊娠,全部为单胎妊娠,单周期治疗妊娠率41．2％(7／17)。结论 卵泡期经阴道小卵泡穿刺抽吸术能使对克罗米芬治疗无反应的多囊卵巢综合征不孕患者,使用促性腺激素治疗获得良好的单卵泡发育和单胎妊娠率。     

Heterotopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: 12 cases report

Objective  To evaluate the incidence, predisposing factors, early diagnosis and treatment options of heterotopic pregnancy (HP) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) procedure. Methods  A retrospective review study was performed to identify the HP cases after IVF-ET at the Reproductive Centre in Guangdong Women and Children’s Hospital in China between the years of 2002–2007. Results  Twelve out of 1,476 pregnancies (0.81%) were diagnosed for HP, of which nine patients elected for exploratory salpingectomy, two patients received selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration under ultrasound guidance, and one patient opted for expectant treatment. Postoperatively, four intrauterine pregnancies were continued to develop until term while two were delivered at 35 weeks of gestation. The achievement ratio of continuous pregnancy was 66.7% (6/9). Conclusion  The incidence of HP is increasing due to the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology. An early transvaginal sonography performed by experienced radiologist/radiographer is considered to be essential and beneficial in establishing early diagnosis of HP. Both salpingectomy and selective fetal reduction by embryo aspiration can be administered as one of the effective therapies for HP with the optimal outcome of intrauterine pregnancy.     

Simultaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection treated by conservative medical treatment. Interest of sonographic follow-up

We describe a case of early bilateral tubal pregnancy diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasonography after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and embryo transfer (ET). A follow-up by transvaginal sonography was done with a systematic second scan (5 days) after the first diagnosis of left tubal ectopic pregnancy in case of assisted conception procedure. This follow-up sonographic strategy permitted us to perform a conservative treatment for this case of spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancy by two consecutive (left then right) in-situ methotrexate injections under vaginal ultrasonographic guidance without any complications.     

Heterotopic cervical pregnancy successfully treated with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and cervical-stay sutures

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of a heterotopic cervical pregnancy successfully treated with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration and cervical-stay sutures. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary academic IVF program. PATIENT(S): A 35-year-old woman who conceived from IVF-ET treatment at 5.5 weeks of gestation. INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of the cervical pregnancy followed by cervical-stay sutures to control hemorrhage after aspiration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Recovery of the patient, preservation of the intrauterine pregnancy, and sequelae. RESULTS(S): The cervical pregnancy was successfully aborted, and the intrauterine pregnancy progressed to term. CONCLUSION(S): Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration in combination with hemostatic cervical-stay sutures can be safely used to manage heterotopic cervical pregnancies.     

Ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess as a complication of IVF treatment: clinical,ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings. A case report

Tuboovarian abscess is a rare complication of IVF treatment, which can be lethal on rupture. Hereby, we present a case of a ruptured tubo-ovarian abscess, following transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval for IVF and transcervical embryo trasfer in a 38-year-old white female patient with five years of primary infertility who underwent aspiration of bilateral hydrosalpinges at the time of oocyte retrieval. This case suggests that the reactivation of latent pelvic infection due to a previous pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was the possible route of infection after transvaginal ultrasound-directed follicle aspiration--transcervical embryo transfer. We conclude that physicians should consider the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain, fever and leukocytosis after ovum retrieval and transcervical embryo transfer for IVF treatment. Preservation of the uterus and unaffected uterine adnexa should be attempted in such cases if future pregnancy is desired.     

Transvaginal embryo aspiration--a safe method for selective reduction in multiple pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pregnancy outcome after transvaginal selective embryo aspiration and to compare the results with those reported previously with other techniques for selective abortion. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: University-based in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. PATIENTS: Nineteen women with multiple pregnancy who conceived after ovulation induction or IVF/gamete intrafallopian transfer. INTERVENTION: Transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration of the embryo(s) was performed at 7 to 8 weeks of gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Early and late complications related to the procedure, outcome of pregnancy, and birth weight. RESULTS: In 18 cases, the initial number of embryos (3 to 7) was reduced to two. In 1 case, the number of embryos was reduced from 4 to 3. None of the remaining fetuses vanished after the procedure. One patient delivered at 25 weeks and all other patients delivered healthy, viable infants (a pregnancy loss rate of 5.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal embryo aspiration in early gestation appears to be a simple and relatively safe procedure for selective termination in patients with high-order multiple pregnancy. The cumulative loss rate of selective termination procedures previously reported by others is three times higher than the loss encountered in our series. This earlier procedure may be more acceptable to patients from emotional and religious points of view.     

Repeat transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian interstitial laser treatment improved the anovulatory status in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of repeated transvaginal ultrasound-guided ovarian interstitial laser treatment in the management of anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study design

A retrospective study was performed in our department on 27 anovulatory PCOS women who failed to respond to the first ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian interstitial laser treatment. Each woman received a repeat procedure and postoperative rates of ovulation and pregnancy were monitored.

Results

Of 27 patients, 18 (66.67%) ovulated spontaneously following the repeated ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian interstitial laser treatment Ten women became pregnant within six postoperative months and a cumulative pregnancy rate of 37.04% was achieved. There were no significant operative complications.

Conclusion

Repeated ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian interstitial laser treatment is an effective and safe management in anovulatory PCOS patients who fail to respond or have a transient response to the first transvaginal ovarian interstitial laser treatment.