角化棘皮瘤与高分化鳞状细胞癌细胞周期和细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的研究

目的：探讨细胞周期与细胞凋亡相关蛋白p53、bcl－2、Ki－67和细胞凋亡在角化棘皮瘤（Keratoacanthoma,KA）和高分化鳞状细胞癌（Well－differentiated squamous cell carcinoma ,WDSCC）中的表达及其意义。方法应用免疫组化技术和末端特异性DNA标记技术检测44例角化棘皮瘤、20例高分化鳞状细胞癌标本中p53、bcl－2、Ki－67和细胞凋亡的表达情况。结果 KA增生期、成熟期和消退期p53阳性表达率分别为：22．23％、26．18％和6．52％,低于WDSCC 41．82％。 KA各期分别与WDSCC阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义;Ki－67的表达强度和模式同p53相似,p53表达率与Ki－67表达率呈正相关（ r＝0．986,P＜0．001）;KA中仅1例基底层见bcl－2弱阳性表达,WDSCC中2例表达呈弱阳性;KA的平均凋亡率（21．72％）明显高于WDSCC（9．93％）,两者比较差异有统计学意义,细胞凋亡率与增殖率（Ki－67）的表达呈负相关（r＝－0．824,P＜0．001）。结论增生和凋亡同时存在于KA中,早期增生占优势,而消退期凋亡占优势,最终导致KA的自然消退。 p53、Ki－67以及细胞凋亡的表达对临床鉴别KA与WDSCC有一定参考价值。     

手术联合阿维A治疗多发型角化棘皮瘤恶变1例并文献复习

目的探讨多发型角化棘皮瘤恶变为鳞状细胞癌患者的临床表现及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析济宁医学院附属医院2022年3月收治的1例多发型角化棘皮瘤恶变为鳞状细胞癌患者的临床资料, 并进行文献复习。结果患者为73岁女性, 发现左手背结节1年, 手术切除后2周复发, 扩大切除后组织病理诊断符合角化棘皮瘤型高分化鳞状细胞癌。术后3 d唇部相继发现数个圆形结节, 部分皮损中央可见火山口样凹陷, 组织病理学示角化棘皮瘤。给予阿维A胶囊口服3个月, 皮损消退。随访6个月无复发。结论多发型角化棘皮瘤恶变为鳞状细胞癌临床较少见, 目前缺乏标准治疗方案, 手术是主要治疗方式, 口服阿维A为一种可供选择的治疗手段。     

口角部角化棘皮瘤及其治疗(附9例报告)

角化棘皮瘤为一种可自然消退的皮肤良性肿瘤。由于该病从临床到病理很容易与鳞癌相混淆,鉴于对口角部角化棘皮瘤报道甚少,现报告9例于下,并介绍一种双三角形皮瓣的手术方法。     

凋亡相关基因bcl-x、bax在霍奇金病中的表达及其意义

目的探讨凋亡相关基因bcl－x、bax在霍奇金病R-S细胞凋亡调控中的作用及其意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测bcl-x、bax基因在霍奇金病组织中的表达;应用免疫荧光汉标记,激光共聚焦显微镜下检测bcl－2与上述基因是否在同一R-S细胞内共表达。结果85．4％、70．8％的霍奇金病例R－S细胞及霍奇金细胞bcl－x、bax阳性;bcl-2与bcl-x、bcl-2与bax可以共存于同一R－S细胞胞质。结论bcl-x、bcl-2、bax基因可能共同参与部分霍奇金病R－S细胞及霍奇金细胞的凋亡调控。     

角化棘皮瘤14例临床病理分析

角化棘皮瘤是皮肤的少见肿瘤之一,其大体形态和组织学形态表现与鳞状细胞癌相似,易误诊为恶性.我们报告14例经手术及病理会诊后证实的角化棘皮瘤,并结合文献资料对其临床病理特征做一简要论述.     

铜皮石斛水提液诱导 HL 60细胞凋亡的研究

目的：探讨铜皮石 斛水提液的抗癌活性及其诱导急性白血病细胞凋亡 的发生机制。方法：运用MTT 方法检测铜皮石斛对体外肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用;应用光镜、电镜,琼脂糖凝胶电泳、流式细胞仪和蛋白印迹免疫法观察它诱导的HL－60细胞的凋亡模式。结果：HL－60细胞在铜皮石斛水提液作用下发生细胞凋亡,凋亡细胞表现为细胞固缩、核染色质凝聚,并出现凋亡小体。铜皮石斛水提液（内含干药6．25mg/ml）作用24－72h,细胞DNA裂解片段呈现典型的梯度条带。凋亡抑制基因bcl－2的表达在药物（6．25mg/ml）作用6－12h时增高,24h后开始下降。结论：铜皮石斛的抗癌活性与诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

bcl-2基因在胰腺癌中的表达及与ER、PR表达的相互关系

目的：探讨bcl－2基因表达及与ER、PR表达的关系。方法：本文用免疫组织化学SP法检测bcl－2基因和ER、PR在胰腺癌和胰腺癌转移灶中的表达。结果：bcl－2蛋白在胰腺癌中阳性表达明显高于胰腺癌转移灶；无转移的、高分化的胰腺癌明显高于有转移的和低分化胰腺癌。胰腺癌组和胰腺癌转移灶组中bcl—2表达与凋亡指数里显著负相关。胰腺癌组bcl－2蛋白与ER表达呈正相关。结论：bcl—2基因是抑制胰腺癌细胞凋亡的重要原因，可能作用于胰腺细胞的癌变阶段，并与胰腺癌早期发展有关，表明bcl－2蛋白的表达特征可以反映胰腺癌生物学行为。     

绿茶儿茶素对于人肝癌细胞的凋亡诱导作用

目的：探讨绿茶儿茶素（GTC）对BEL－7402人肝癌细胞的凋亡诱导作用。方法：应用透射电镜、流式细胞术、TUNEL和免疫组化等方法检测受100或200μg／ml GTC作用4天后的BEL－7402细胞的凋亡情况及其PCNA、bcl－2、c－myc、p53蛋白表达情况。结果：受GTC作用4天后的BEL－7402细胞的凋亡显著性增加,其PCNA表达显著性下降,而与凋亡相关的癌基因bcl－2、c－myc、p53蛋白表达未见明显改变。结论：GTC对于BEL－7402细胞的生长抑制作用可能与诱导细胞凋亡有关,也可能与抑制癌细胞DNA合成有关。本研究未发现GTC诱导BEL－7402细胞凋亡与bcl－2、c－myc、p53蛋白表达的相关性。     

角化棘皮瘤42例临床病理学观察

目的 探讨角化棘皮瘤的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断。方法 对42例角化棘皮瘤临床资料、组织学特征进行分析，并结合文献进行讨论。结果 本组除1例发生于大腿外，其余发生于曝光部位，均为单发型。肿瘤呈半球状突出于皮肤表面，中央呈现充满角质似“火山口”样，边缘有唇状表皮包绕。结论 角化棘皮瘤的诊断依赖于特征性的临床及病理表现，并应与皮肤鳞状细胞癌鉴别。     

干扰素联合氟尿嘧啶治疗颜面部角化棘皮瘤7例

目的：干扰素联合氟尿嘧啶治疗颜面部角化棘皮瘤疗效观察。方法：收集7例角化棘皮瘤的门诊患者，皆为各种原因不愿接受手术治疗或因术后复发而采取非手术治疗的患者。结果：对角化棘皮瘤患者局部注射及外用干扰素加氟尿嘧啶效果满意，7例痊愈。结论：干扰素联合氟尿嘧啶治疗颜面部角化棘皮瘤效果好，复发率低。     

曲酸对γ射线照射致小鼠Treg/Th17比例失衡的影响

目的： 观察曲酸(KA)对4 Gy γ射线照射所致小鼠Treg/Th17细胞比例失衡的影响,以期为KA的辐射免疫损伤防护机制研究提供新思路。方法：C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、照射组、KA低剂量组和KA高剂量组。KA低、高剂量组小鼠分别于照射前27 h皮下注射75、300 mg/kg KA。照射组及KA低、高剂量组小鼠接受4 Gy γ射线一次性全身照射,对照组行假照射。照射后检测外周血白细胞(WBC)数量、脾脏/胸腺指数及脾脏调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)和Th17细胞比例的改变。结果：与对照组比较,4 Gy γ射线照射后,小鼠外周血WBC计数显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),KA高剂量组WBC计数至照后19 d恢复正常,而照射组及KA低剂量未恢复。γ射线照射后,照射组及KA低、高剂量组小鼠胸腺及脾脏指数均显著降低(P均<0.01),但KA高剂量组的胸腺及脾脏指数明显高于照射组(P均<0.01)。照后4 d,照射组与KA高剂量组脾脏Treg细胞比例显著高于对照组(P均<0.01)。照射组Th17细胞比例亦显著增高,而KA高剂量组Th17比例却显著低于照射组(P<0.05),使得Treg/Th17比值在照后4 d明显增高,导致Treg/Th17平衡向Treg方向明显偏移。结论：适当剂量的KA预防给药能明显减轻γ射线照射所致的免疫损伤,并能抑制照射所致的Th17细胞比例增高,导致Treg/Th17平衡向Treg细胞方向偏移。表明KA可抑制照射所引起的炎性反应,从而减轻机体的炎症性损伤,发挥有效的保护作用。     

The Bcl‐xL inhibitor of apoptosis is preferentially expressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma compared with that in keratoacanthoma

Keratoacanthoma (KA) is difficult to histologically distinguish from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Therefore, although KA is a benign self‐resolving skin lesion, KA is commonly treated as SCC. Biomarkers to distinguish KA and SCC would thus be desirable. In search for specific markers, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples from 25 SCC and 64 KA were arranged in a tissue microarray (TMA) and stained for immunologic cell‐markers CD3, CD20 and CD68 as well as for proteins considered of relevance in tumorgenesis, namely NFκB/p65, IκB‐α, STAT3, p53, TRAP‐1, pRB, phosphorylated pRb, Cyld, p21, p16^INK4, Survivin, Bcl‐xL, Caspase 3, Bak, FLK‐1/VEGF‐r2 and Ki‐67. In addition, the tumors were tested for presence of human papillomavirus by PCR. We detected that the two lesions differed significantly in expression of Bcl‐xL which was present in 84% of the SCC compared with only 15% in the KA (p < 0.001). The lower expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL in KA is consistent with a possible role of apoptosis in the regression of KA. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Effects of thymectomy and antithymocyte serum on spontaneous regression of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia.

To evaluate the role of immune response in regression of leukemia, we studied the effect of immunosuppression on the spontaneous regression of a leukemia induced by a specific strain of Friend murine leukemia virus complex (RFV). Thymectomy of newborn but not adult outbred Swiss mice markedly inhibited regression. The effect of antithymocyte serum (ATS) on regression depended on the timing of ATS treatment. Regression was markedly inhibited in leukemic mice given ATS just before the start of regression. During leukemia development, ATS treatment but not thymectomy potentiated splenomegaly and delayed the start of regression. Both ATS treatment and neonatal thymectomy increased mortality as a function of the decrease in disease regression. Treatment with normal rabbit serum also inhibited regression but, when given during leukemia development, affected neither the splenomegalic response to RFV nor the number of deaths. The data demonstrated that an intact immune system was required for leukemia regression and suggested that some thymus-dependent parameter of immune response was a major factor in regression.     

角化棘皮瘤DNA倍体及p53免疫组化分析

目的　探讨角化棘皮瘤(KA) 的生物学特性。方法　通过细胞图像光度术(ICM) 对20 例KA ( 其中10 例为消退期rKA) 和10 例分化型鳞癌( WDscc) 进行DNA 倍体分析, 并作突变型p53 蛋白免疫组化分析。结果　8 例KA10 例rKA和7 例WDscc 为二倍体, 余为异倍体。KA 组的平均DNA 含量与WDscc 组比较无明显差异( P> 0-05) , 但rKA 组明显低于WDscc 组,差异有显著性( P< 0-002) 。KA 与WDscc 均出现较多的高倍体细胞( > 5c) 。50 % KA, 10 %rKA 和40 % 的鳞癌表达p53 蛋白, 阳性细胞核在KA 和rKA 中主要分布于基底层及基底上层,而在鳞癌中相对较弥漫。正常皮肤不表达p53 蛋白。结论　KA 具有与鳞癌相似的高DNA 倍体;p53 表达阳性及异倍体细胞等恶性肿瘤的特征, 可能与一些罕见的恶性肿瘤自愈病例类似, 在其病变发展过程中存在着一种整体凋亡机制, 有必要对其作进一步的研究     

曲酸对受辐射中国仓鼠卵巢细胞的保护作用

目的： 探讨曲酸对受辐射中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的保护作用。方法：CHO细胞分别经不同强度(0~20 Gy )60Co γ射线照射,于照射后24、48和72 h采用MTT法检测细胞存活情况;细胞经不同浓度(分别为0、0.01、0.1、1、10、100 μg/mL)曲酸作用1.5 h,采用12 Gy γ射线照射,于照射后24、48和72 h采用MTT法检测细胞存活情况;细胞经浓度为1 μg/mL的曲酸作用1.5 h,分别经不同强度(6、12、16 Gy) γ射线照射,于照射后24 h采用MTT法检测细胞存活情况。结果：与对照组比较,γ射线照射导致CHO细胞的存活率下降(P均<0.01),且随着照射强度的增加,该效应增强;曲酸在0.01～10 μg/mL浓度范围内能明显提高12 Gy辐射条件下CHO细胞的存活率,其中浓度在1 μg/mL时效应最明显;1 μg/mL曲酸均能明显提高6、12、16 Gy γ射线照射下细胞的存活率。结论：曲酸明显提高受辐射CHO细胞的存活率,以保护细胞免受辐射损伤。     

No Association between Merkel Cell Polymavirus Infection and Keratoacanthoma in Korean Patients

Objectives: Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a relatively common benign tumor and resembles squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). The definitive cause of KA remains unclear, but trauma, ultraviolet light, chemical carcinogens, humanpapillomavirus, genetic factors, and immunocompromised status have been implicated as etiologic or triggeringfactors. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is suspected to cause the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma(MCC). MCPyV-DNA was found significantly more frequently in MCC and only found in about one fourth of KAs. Ina recent study, MCPyV was found in Korean patients with MCC. The aim of this study was to determine the presenceof MCPyV in Korean patients with KA. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were analyzed for the presenceof MCPyV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 105 KA samples were analyzed. Results: A study ofMCPyV has not been reported about KA in Korean cases. In the present study the MCPyV was not detected with KAin the Korean patients. Conclusions: This supports that KA and MCPyV are not related to each other and MCVyP isnot a major factor in the pathogenesis of KA.     

Web-Based Study for Improving Mammography Among Korean American Women

Web-based culture-specific interventions for Korean American (KA) women to improve mammography utilization are not available. An established intervention developed to improve mammography utilizations for Korean American (KA) women was tested via the Web for its efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability. A randomized controlled trial, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was conducted with 136 KA women and their spouses. Intention to have a mammogram within the next 12 months increased significantly in the intervention group compare to controls. Among women whose mammograms had not been updated, 22 % of women in the intervention and 13 % of women in the control group obtained a mammogram at 2-month post-baseline, even though the difference was not statistically significant. The Web-based study educating couples was feasible and could improve KA women’s breast cancer screening intention and behaviors. Combining off-line contact for recruitment/data collection with online intervention material could decrease the attrition rate in the future study because the attrition rate in this study was higher than the original study.     

Nucleolar organizer region enumeration in keratoacanthomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.

Keratoacanthomas (KA) and squamous cell carcinomas (SSC) are epithelial skin tumors exhibiting distinctive clinical and histologic features. However, the differential diagnosis between them in individual cases may be difficult or even impossible. In this article the authors examine the possibility that enumeration of associated proteins of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) could be of help in differentiating KA from SCC. AgNOR counting, performed on unequivocal cases of SCC (n = 20) and KA (n = 16) showed statistically significant higher AgNOR counts in SCC (6.29 +/- 0.91) compared with KA (3.80 +/- 1.62). This result speaks in favor of the different biologic nature of SCC and KA; however, due to significant overlap between the two groups, AgNOR enumeration alone is not sufficiently discriminating so as to be used diagnostically in cases with borderline histologic features.