参附注射液对海水浸泡性体温过低症大鼠的保护作用

目的研究参附注射液对海水浸泡性体温过低症大鼠血液生化指标和炎症等指标的影响及对各器官的保护作用,探讨可能的保护机制。方法将81只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC,6只)、低温对照组(DC,15只)、生理盐水注射组6 h(YW6,15只)、参附注射液组6h(SF6,15只)、生理盐水注射组12h(YW12,15只)、参附注射液组12 h(SF12,15只)。NC组为正常对照组,不做任何处理;DC组是低温海水浸泡组,浸泡完毕即刻采样;SF和YW组是实验组,大鼠分别在实验前3 d每天连续腹腔注射参附注射液或者生理盐水,剂量为15 mL/kg。各实验组大鼠在15℃低温海水中浸泡5 h后再次注射,被动复温6 h和12 h后取材,记录为SF6/12和YW6/12。记录各组大鼠的死亡率,体温的降温、升温时间及速率,生理状态(呼吸、心律、肌颤、腹温),血液生化指标(谷丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)),谷草转氨酶(AST),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),血肌酐(Cr)及器官的病理变化。结果SF组大鼠死亡率17%,YW组死亡率40%,P<0.05。SF组降温时间长于YW组,降温速度较YW短,P<0.05;相同观察时间点,SF组相比YW组的血液中炎症指标、生化指标都明显恢复更快,组织病理分析伤情较轻。结论参附注射液处理后能够降低海水浸泡性体温过低症大鼠的死亡率,改善低温大鼠生理指标、血液生化及炎症指标和脏器组织的损伤,对致伤大鼠起到保护作用。     

外用全反式维甲酸对日光损伤性皮肤的疗效观察

长期过度日晒引起的日光损伤性皮肤不仅影响患者的外观，且在日光损伤的基础上易并发良或恶性肿瘤。自１９８６年来，国外陆续有一些关于外用全反式维甲酸（ａｌｌ－ｔｒａｎｓ－ｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ，简称ＲＡ）治疗日光损伤性皮肤的报道［１～５］。我们于１９９０年１０月至１９９３年１０月首次在我国观察了外用ＲＡ制剂对日光损伤性皮肤的治疗作用，报道如下。一、资料和方法（一）病例：共观察２８例无严重全身或皮肤疾病志愿者。其中男５例，女２３例；年龄３５～６７（平均５４）岁；干部８例，职员５例，工人１２例，医务工作…     

日光对皮肤弹性的影响

目的观察日光和年龄对皮肤弹性的影响。方法问卷调查受试者（郊县组94例，市区组105例）的日光曝晒情况，并应用皮肤弹性测量仪测量外眦部、鼻唇沟及眶下皮肤弹性参数，包括：弹性，黏弹性，可扩展性和张力参数。比较不同年龄组间、市区与郊县组间各弹性参数间的差异。结果市区和郊县各弹性参数均与年龄有较好的相关性，随年龄增长，皮肤各弹性参数均下降。郊县组与市区组比较，弹性和黏弹性参数差异较小，而可扩展性和张力参数差异较大。结论弹性和黏弹性参数可能与内在老化有关，而可扩展性和张力参数可能与光老化有关。     

皱纹与皮肤光老化

皱纹是皮肤光老化的重要特点之一,临床上以皮肤粗糙,皱褶深大、不易平复为特征。从真皮病理改变、基底膜变化和真皮变化等组织学方面综述与光老化有关的皮肤皱纹的病理学改变,阐述皮肤光老化在皮肤皱纹形成中的作用。为进一步治疗和预防光老化皱纹提供依据和思路。     

UVA致人皮肤成纤维细胞急性和慢性光损伤模型的建立

目的:探讨人皮肤成纤维细胞(human dermal fibroblasts,HDFs)急性和慢性光损伤模型建立的方法。方法:体外培养原代人皮肤成纤维细胞,选取第4~8代的细胞进行实验。用长波紫外线(UVA)单次照射建立HDFs急性光损伤模型,荧光倒置显微镜观察不同剂量UVA照射后第1、2、3天HDFs的形态变化;CCK-8法检测照射后HDFs的增殖活性。慢性光损伤HDFs模型采用8-甲氧沙林(8-MOP)避光孵育细胞24h,随后以含8-MOP的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)置换培养基,行9J/cm~2 UVA照射,照射完成后换Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)(含10%胎牛血清)避光传代培养,21d后显微镜下观察HDFs形态;衰老相关-β-半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色法计算衰老细胞率。结果:单次UVA照射导致HDFs增殖率下降,与UVA剂量呈正相关。UVA在剂量为≤10J/cm~2时,细胞存活率保持在85%;而UVA剂量≥15J/cm~2时细胞存活率明显降低;≥20 J/cm~2时存活率为50%左右,至25 J/cm~2时仅为约25%。慢性光损伤HDFs诱导组(即UVA+MOP组)几乎所有细胞均出现体积变大、细胞颗粒增加等细胞老化的特征性改变;SA-β-Gal染色细胞的阳性率95%。结论:UVA单次照射可成功建立HDFs急性光损伤模型,UVA联合8-MOP构建HDFs慢性光损伤模型。     

蓝光辐照对皮肤的生物学效应

蓝光在可见光谱中波长最短,生活中的蓝光主要来源于太阳光和电子设备屏幕,与人们的生活密切相关.蓝光辐照对皮肤可产生各种生物学效应,包括有益影响和有害影响.该文就蓝光辐照对皮肤产生的生物学效应及蓝光防护的研究进展作一综述.     

北京市小学生日晒危害认知和防晒行为的调查

目的调查北京市小学生对日晒危害的认知及其防晒措施。方法以问卷调查形式,了解北京市部分小学生对有关日晒引起皮肤损害、采取的防晒措施,以及获得日晒危害和防护知识的渠道。结果共有560人完成问卷调查,平均年龄(10±1)岁。大部分小学生知道过度日晒可以引起皮肤灼伤、晒黑,50%的学生知道过度日晒可致皮肤老化、皮肤肿瘤。大部分小学生在进行户外活动时采取防晒措施,但仅有18.5%的小学生外用防晒化妆品。电视传媒是北京市小学生获得日晒对皮肤危害及其防护知识的主要来源。结论北京市小学生对有关日晒引起皮肤危害的认知及防护知识还不太满意,需要加强这方面的宣传和教育,以获取相关信息。     

皮肤光老化的诊治进展

人类皮肤老化作为机体整体衰老的一个部分具有特殊的意义。人类的皮肤在自然老化和光老化之间提供了具有意义的对比,自然老化是内源性的程序性过程,由时间的流逝形成。通过和其他环境因素接触或者生活方式的原因产生的损害积累,就造     

免疫荧光法检测cathepsins在人慢性光损伤皮肤中的表达变化

目的:用免疫荧光检测cathepsins家族的几个重要亚型在人慢性光损伤皮肤中的表达变化并探讨其意义。方法:用日光模拟紫外线照射以1倍最小红斑量(MED)照射10名受试者上臀部皮肤,5天/周,共6周,人工诱导皮肤慢性光损伤。免疫荧光法检测cathepsin B、D、K、G在人慢性光损伤皮肤中的表达变化。结果:在慢性光损伤人皮肤组织中,cathepsin B和cathepsin D表达下调,表达改变主要发生于皮肤表皮层;cathepsin K表达下调,表达改变主要发生于皮肤真皮层;cathepsin G表达上调,表达改变主要发生于皮肤真皮层。结论:cathepsins家族在人皮肤慢性光损伤皮肤表达发生改变,其可能参与皮肤表皮及真皮的慢性光损伤发生机制。     

正常儿童和老年人前臂内外侧皮肤电阻值对比分析

目的了解正常儿童皮肤与老年人光老化皮肤电阻值水平差异。方法研制皮肤表面电阻值测定仪,对照检测41例12岁以下儿童与25例60岁以上的人群组前臂皮肤自然光暴露侧和非光暴露侧部位皮肤表面电阻值。结果前臂光暴露部位皮肤电阻值显著高于非光暴露部位电阻值(P<0.001),且老年组电阻值显著高于儿童组(P<0.001)。结论不同部位不同年龄皮肤电阻值不同,皮肤电阻值与年龄的增加呈正相关。     

Topical dorsal skin immersion in seawater induces apoptosis and proliferation in hairless mice

Recreational and occupational exposure to seawater (SW), have increased but the effect of SW on skin has not been elucidated. The purpose of present study was to assess the effects of SW immersion on the dorsal skin in hairless mice. Adult hairless mice were individually immersed in SW for 3 h, 6 h and 12 h; then, full-thickness dorsal skin of 2 cm diameter was excised for pathological examination (light microscope), apoptosis detection (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling [TUNEL]) and proliferation index evaluation (immunohistochemistry). Normal and normal saline (NS)-immersed skin were used as controls. Histological examination revealed that there were randomly distributed cell deaths, presenting cell shrinkage, condensation of nuclear chromatin and eosinophilic cytoplasm in the epidermis, and neutrophil infiltration in the dermis, after SW immersion. Moreover, TUNEL showed low levels of apoptosis in normal (9.07 +/- 0.70%) and NS-immersed skin (9.99 +/- 1.22%). There was an apparent increase in the 6-h and 12-h SW immersed groups (29.90 +/- 6.85%, P < 0.01; 45.46 +/- 6.12%, P < 0.01, respectively). Ki-67 antigen was located in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles, the rates of Ki-67-positive cells were 7.90 +/- 1.45% and 7.76 +/- 1.52% in normal and NS-immersed skin, respectively, and in the 12-h SW immersed group, the rate of Ki-67-positive cells reached 23.85 +/- 4.21% (threefold, P < 0.01). In each group, the rate of apoptosis was higher than that of proliferation. We conclude that SW immersion can cause time-dependent apoptosis and proliferation in the epidermis, and the overall effect of SW immersion is injury to the epidermis.     

The effect of reactive oxygen species on the biosynthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in cultured human dermal fibroblasts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility that the biological changes observed in connective tissue matrix components of photoaging skin may be induced by an alteration of biosynthesis in fibroblasts damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We investigated the effect of ROS induced by xanthine and the xanthine oxidase system on the biosynthesis of connective tissue matrix components, collagen and glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. ROS decreased collagen production and increased GAGs synthesis. Interestingly, these changes were consistent with the biological alterations of connective tissue matrix components observed in photoaging skin. Moreover, catalase and alpha-tocopherol completely prevented the ROS-induced alterations of collagen and GAGs biosynthesis, whereas superoxide dismutase had no effect on the ROS-induced changes. These results suggest that ROS may be one of the factors which cause the biological changes of connective tissue matrix components observed in photoaging skin.     

The effect of ultraviolet-B exposure scheduling on the photodamage of hairless mouse skin

In a mouse model, we investigated whether different exposure protocol of ultraviolet-B with the same total doses could induce a different degree of photodamage in mouse skin. Two different exposure frequencies, three times or six times a week, were applied under the condition of weekly same cumulative irradiation dose equally for 10 weeks. Then the photodamage parameters such as skin wrinkling, histochemical dermal change and epidermal and dermal thickness were evaluated. Wrinkle grade, histological assessment by score, and dermal thickness did not reveal any difference between the two groups. However, at irradiation week 10 epidermal thickness of the three times a week irradiation group was significantly thicker than that of the six times a week irradiation group. The same cumulative dose resulted in different epidermal thickness. Our results suggested that exposure frequency or scheduling could influence the epidermal damage by ultraviolet radiation even though the cumulative dose is equal.     

Topical manganese peptide in the treatment of photodamaged skin

This study evaluated the effects of a manganese peptide complex in the treatment of various signs of cutaneous facial photodamage. Individuals used a facial serum formulation containing the manganese peptide complex Manganese Tripeptide‐1 twice a day for up to 12 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the individuals and a blinded investigator noted improvement in the appearance of several signs of cutaneous photodamage. Predominant among the parameters showing improvement were those associated with hyperpigmentation. In general, at the end of 12 weeks of treatment, photodamage ranking moved from moderate to mild. Treatment was well tolerated with no significant cutaneous inflammation induced by the manganese peptide complex.     

Measurements of the upper body ultraviolet exposure to golfers: non-melanoma skin cancer risk, and the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight

Background: Geographically, Queensland presents an extreme ultraviolet exposure climate to members of the public engaged in outdoor recreational activity. The risk of developing a skin cancer or an eye disease as a result of incidental exposure to naturally occurring ultraviolet radiation in the outdoor environment is proportionately high in a Queensland population compared with fair‐skinned population groups residing in comparable Northern Hemisphere latitudes. In contrast to these risks, elderly members of this high growth population group have been reported to be vitamin D deficient. The risks and potential benefits of exposure to sunlight in southern Queensland are assessed in this study with respect to recreational golfing. This sport is a popular recreational activity for the Queensland population and must be played during daylight hours. Methods: The erythemal and vitamin D effective ultraviolet exposure measured to the forearm, upper back and vertex are presented for individuals playing golf under various atmospheric conditions in a 7‐month period extending from summer to winter. Results: Mean summertime exposures were measured in the 2008 study period as be 1.4, 2.2 and 3.2 standard erythema doses (SED) at forearm, upper back and vertex sites, respectively, compared with respective wintertime forearm, upper back and vertex exposures of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 SED, where summertime exposures were recorded in the mean solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges of 56–59° and wintertime exposures were recorded in the mean SZA range 74–83°. Vitamin D₃ effective exposures were determined to vary from between 225, 325 and 475 J/m² during summer and 48, 59 and 88 J/m² during winter for the respective forearm, upper back and vertex body sites measured in the above mean SZA ranges. Conclusion: Exposures to ambient ultraviolet during winter on the golf course between 15:00 and 17:30 hours could be beneficial for office workers for the production of vitamin D. Optimizing exposure periods to late afternoon in the winter months and taking adequate sun protection measures in the summer months are important strategies that golfers can utilize for long‐term preventative health.