胸腰椎爆裂骨折骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤的关系

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤及其预后的关系。方法76例胸腰椎爆裂骨折根据骨折部位及CT测出的椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤及其预后进行分析评定。结果神经损伤组椎管内骨块占位程度(≥53%)明显高于无神经损伤组(≤37%);在有神经损伤情况下骨折部位椎管内骨块占位程度依次为：胸腰段(45%)＜腰段(60%);按ASIA神经功能分级法评定神经损伤程度与椎管内骨块占位程度无显著相关。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位压迫是神经损伤的重要因素;神经损伤与骨折部位和椎管内骨块占位程度联合相关;就诊时CT表现的椎管内骨块占位程度并不能反映神经损伤的程度及其预后。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位与神经损伤

目的　观察胸腰椎爆裂骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位与神经损伤的关系。方法　对 14 1例包括胸椎 (T1 - T1 0 )、胸腰段 (T1 1 - L2 )及腰椎 (L3- L5)三个水平爆裂骨折 CT显示的椎管内骨块占位与神经功能关系进行了分析。结果　神经损伤组椎管内骨块占位程度明显高于无神经损伤组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在有神经损伤情况下椎管骨块占位严重程度依次为 :胸椎 <胸腰段 <腰椎 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;在 Frankel分类有功能障碍的四个神经功能级之间其椎管骨块占位程度无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　椎体爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位压迫是神经损伤的重要危险因素 ;神经损伤的出现与骨折椎体节段和椎管内骨块占位程度联合相关 ;但神经损伤的严重程度与就诊时 CT表现的椎管内骨块占位程度具有不一致性     

胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管占位与早期神经损伤的关系

【摘要】 目的：探讨胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位程度与早期神经损伤的关系。方法：对2000年1月至2009年12月收治的115例胸腰段爆裂骨折急性期患者的CT扫描图像与神经损伤情况进行回顾性分析。无神经损伤组（Ａ组）43例,神经损伤组（Ｂ组）72例。对患者CT图像运用Image J图像分析软件进行测量,分别对伤椎及其相邻上下椎的椎管横径、矢状径和面积进行测量,计算相应的椎管占位率和矢状径与横径比值,将无神经损伤组与神经损伤组进行统计学分析。结果：伤椎的椎管矢状径、面积和矢状径/横径比值在T12节段A组分别     

后路间接减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨后路间接减压内固定治疗无神经损伤症状伴椎体后上缘骨折块的胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法 采用后路间接减压内固定治疗35例无神经损伤症状伴椎体后上缘骨折块的胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者。记录椎管占位率、椎体压缩率、Cobb角及并发症发生情况。结果 患者均获得随访，时间12～18个月。无感染、断钉、迟发性神经损伤等并发症发生。术后3 d及1年Cobb角、椎体压缩率、椎管占位率均较术前明显减小(P<0.05),术后1年与术后3 d Cobb角、椎体压缩率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1年椎管占位率较术后3 d减小(P<0.05)。结论 对于无神经损伤症状伴椎体后上缘骨折块的胸腰椎爆裂骨折，通过后路间接减压内固定复位椎管占位骨折块并通过后期的椎管重塑，能够取得良好的临床疗效。     

胸腰段爆裂骨折椎管的自发重建

目的观察胸腰段爆裂骨折后椎管的自发重建过程。方法14例胸腰段爆裂骨折患者经手术方法稳定相邻椎体，对突入椎管内的骨块采用保守疗法。术前及术后l、3、6和12个月定期行爆裂椎体的cT扫描，利用Ushikata360CII＋测量仪测量不同阶段椎管横截面积内骨块的占有率，观察椎管的自然愈合情况。结果所有患者椎管重建发生在伤后12个月内，平均骨块占有率由伤时的47．8％±13．6％降至最后随访时的27．2％±8．1％。椎管容积恢复的比率与伤时突出物的大小成正比，骨块的部位与椎管容积的改善无关，重建不受神经损伤情况的影响。结论胸腰段爆裂骨折后，如果椎体稳定则椎管有一定重塑形的能力，突入椎管内的骨块可采用保守方法治疗。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管占位程度与神经功能损伤的关系

胸腰椎爆裂骨折常合并脊髓、神经损伤 ,但是骨折片在椎管内占位程度与神经损伤常不一致。作者对 141例胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内占位程度与脊髓、神经损伤的关系分析探讨如下。资料与方法　 1996年 12月～ 1999年 6月经ＣＴ检查证实为胸腰椎爆裂骨折病例共 141例 ,其中胸椎 (Ｔ1～Ｔ10 )19例 ,胸腰段 (Ｔ11～Ｌ1) 74例 ,腰椎 (Ｌ2～Ｌ5 ) 4 8例。男性 114例 ,女性 2 7例。年龄最大 6 4岁 ,最小 2 1岁 ,平均 38 5岁。所有患者入院时均行正侧位Ｘ线片及ＣＴ扫描 ,并按Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ神经功能分级法对患者损伤后的神经功能进行评定。于ＣＴ片上测出…     

后纵韧带对椎体爆裂骨折椎管内骨块复位作用的生物力学研究

目的：观察脊柱后纵韧带（PLL）的形态,力学强度及其在不同状态下对椎体爆裂骨折突入椎管骨块前推复位力。方法：取人体新鲜脊柱标本解剖观测PLL形态,并游离后测试PLL强度：取人体脊柱标本制作爆裂骨折模型,以测力探头测试脊柱不同状态下PLL对突人椎管骨块的前椎复位力,结果：PLL在胸腰段较宽,抗拉力强度平均197．7N;在撑开力（140N）作用下PLL前推复位力明显增加,撑开状态下后伸时PLL前推力与前屈时无显著性差异;PLL推力与骨块占位程度成正相关。结论：PLL的解剖及力学条件为椎管内骨块的间接复位减压提供了一定的基础,撑开力作用是PLL对骨块间接复位作用的决定性因素。在治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折中要获得椎管内骨块的间接复位减压,应使用具有较强撑开能力的内固定装置进行纵向撑开。     

胸腰段骨折椎管内骨折块与脊髓损伤的关系

目的：探索胸腰段椎管内骨折块对脊髓损伤的影响程度,确定脊髓受压的临界椎管狭窄率,为临床治疗的选择提供参考标准。方法：对121例不稳定性胸腰骨折进行改良Frankel分级法脊髓功能评估和CT椎管面积测量,作统计学分析。结果：56例有不同程度的脊髓功能损伤,其截瘫程度与椎管内骨块占位显著相关,相关程度以T12最高,L2最低。脊髓受压的椎管占位临界值为T1230％,T1135％,L140％,L255％。结论：胸腰段椎管内骨块占位程度与脊髓损伤有显著相关性。     

侧前路减压、脊柱重建治疗胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折

目的探讨胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折侧前路减压与重建的临床效果。方法对19例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折侧前路减压及髂骨、肋骨、钛网植骨加Z—plate、Kaneda内固定系统重建脊柱稳定的临床资料进行总结。结果经平均13个月随访，术后脊柱序列及生理曲度恢复正常，椎管无占位，植骨融合良好，无继发性后凸畸形发生，无钢板、螺丝钉断裂及松动等并发症。结论侧前路手术可一期实现椎管前方减压．且直接、彻底，使神经获得最大限度的功能恢复，Z—plate、Kaneda内固定直接作用于骨折部位可以对椎体间支撑和对植骨加压，促进植骨融合，适合于胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折的脊柱稳定性重建和早期功能恢复。     

前后路联合减压固定治疗不稳定型胸腰段爆裂骨折

目的 探讨不稳定型胸腰段爆裂骨折前路Ventro Fix单棒系统结合后路椎弓根系统治疗的临床效果.方法 对16例不稳定型胸腰段爆裂骨折前路Ventro Fix单棒系统结合后路椎弓根系统治疗的临床资料进行总结.结果 经平均17个月的随访,术后脊柱序列及生理曲度恢复正常,椎管内无占位,植骨融合好,无继发性后突畸形发生,无内固定断折及松动并发症.结论 前路Ventro Fix单棒系统结合后路椎弓根系统治疗不稳定型胸腰段爆裂骨折可实现椎管前后方减压,减压效果直接彻底,使神经获得最大限度的功能恢复,Ventro Fix单棒系统直接作用于骨折部位,可以对椎体间撑开和对植骨加压,促进植骨融合,适用于不稳定型胸腰段爆裂骨折的脊柱稳定性重建和早期功能恢复.     

72例胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者神经功能缺失与伤后椎管狭窄相关性的研究

目的：研究胸腰段爆裂性骨折患者脊髓损伤程度与相应椎管狭窄两者间的相关性。方法：对1998年6月～2004年3月间收治的72例胸腰段爆裂骨折患者进行回顾性分析,脊髓功能按照Frankel分级进行评定,使用透明毫米尺对患者CT片椎管正中矢状径进行测量以此代表椎管面积,分别计算T11、T12、L1、L2四个节段两者的相关系数并进行直线相关分析。结果：T1、T12、L1、L2节段两者问相关系数分别为：O．3348、0．8457、0．6691、0．3336。提示T12水平两者具有较高的相关性,而在L1、L2节段两者的相关性较低。对相关系数进行显著性检验,结果显示在T12、L1椎管狭窄和脊髓功能损伤之间具有直线相关关系（P〈O．001）,而在T11、L2两个节段不能认为椎管狭窄和脊髓功能损伤间具有直线相关关系（P〉0．5,0．10〈P〈0．20）。结论：脊髓的损伤程度与椎管狭窄程度具有相关性。测量患者胸腰段爆裂骨折CT扫描图像中椎管占位面积的大小可以作为神经损伤程度的一个预测因素。     

直接或间接复位对无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管重塑的影响

目的探讨直接或间接复位对无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折椎管重塑的影响。方法将52例无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者按照手术方式不同分为直接复位组(n=26)和间接复位组(n=26)。比较两组患者椎体骨块占位率、椎体前缘高度降低百分比、Cobb角、椎管重塑矢状径的恢复比率及ODI评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~15个月。末次随访时,两组ODI评分均较术前明显降低(P<0.001),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组椎体骨块占位率、椎体前缘高度降低百分比及Cobb角均较术前明显改善(P<0.01),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);椎管重塑矢状径的恢复比率间接复位组为15.7%±8.9%,直接复位组为11.8%±9.2%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论直接或间接复位治疗无神经症状型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者均可获得较好的临床疗效。间接复位手术操作步骤减少,创伤小,且后期椎管重塑较好,更具优势。     

胸腰椎骨折椎管狭窄与神经功能的关系

对106例连续性胸腰椎爆裂骨折进行回顾性研究,探讨椎管狭窄与神经功能的关系。按自行设计的改良Frankel法将神经功能分六级,将椎管分脊髓圆锥段和马尾神经段,用直线回归相关法分析椎管狭窄与神经损伤程度之间的关系,用等级相关法分析椎管狭窄与发生神经损伤可能性之间的关系。结果表明:无论在脊髓圆锥段或马尾神经段,椎管狭窄与神经损伤程度、损伤可能性之间均存在相关性(r或r_s=0.38～0.90,P<0.05),且脊髓圆锥段的相关程度较高;相同程度椎骨狭窄致神经危害性在脊髓圆锥段较大。发生神经损伤的最小椎管狭窄在脊髓圆锥段为38％,在马尾神经段为63％(?)认为胸腰椎骨折椎管狭窄是神经损伤的主要因素,X-CT扫描可较好地预测神经损伤程度和损伤可能性。     

Neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures: is it predicted by the amount of initial canal encroachment and kyphotic deformity?

BACKGROUND: The association between neurologic recovery and initial compromise of spinal canal and sagittal alignment has been rarely documented. This study was performed to better understand whether the degree of neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures is affected and predicted by initial compromise of spinal canal and sagittal alignment. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients who underwent conservative or surgical treatment for thoracolumbar burst fractures between 1993 and 2001 were prospectively followed up for 3 to 10 years (average, 5.5 years). They were assessed for neurologic deficit and improvement as defined by the scoring system of ASIA, the stenotic ratio of spinal canal and kyphosis angle. RESULTS: The ASIA score in 52 patients with neurologic deficit averaged 34.0 (range, 0-50) on admission and 46.1 (range, 27-50) at final follow-up. All these patients except 2 with neurologic deficit experienced improvement with an average recovery rate of 72.7% (range, 0%-100%). No statistically significant difference (P > .05) in the stenotic ratio of spinal canal or kyphotic deformity was demonstrated among the patients with no neurologic deficit, with incomplete lesions, and with complete lesions. The stenotic ratio of spinal canal or kyphosis angle was not significantly correlated with initial and final ASIA score and recovery rate (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The neurologic recovery from thoracolumbar burst fractures is not predicted by the amount of initial canal encroachment and kyphotic deformity. When deciding on the treatment for patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures, both neurologic function and spinal stability should be taken into account.     

The efficiency of ultrasound guided spinal fracture reposition

Summary To calculate canal compromise and decrease of midsagittal diameter caused by retropulsion of fragments into the spinal canal we analyzed the pre- and postoperative computed tomographies of 32 patients with unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by USS (universal spine system). Our intention was to examine the efficiency of ultrasound guided repositioning of the dispaced fragments which was performed in all 32 cases. We found a clear postoperative enlargement of canal area (ASP preoperatively 55 %, postop. 80 %) and midsagittal diameter (MSD preop. 58 %, postop. 78 %). 10 of 13 patients presented a postoperative improvement of neurological deficit, no neurological deterioration occured. Fractures with neurological deficit showed more canal compromise (52 %) and less midsagittal diameter (MSD compromise 51 %) than those without (40 % or 39 %). There was no correlation between the percentage of spinal canal stenosis and the severity of neurological deficit. Below L 1 the spinal canal is greater than between Th 11 and L 1, so a more important spinal stenosis is tolerated. In case of unstable burst fractures with neurological deficit the ultrasound guided spinal fracture reposition is an effective procedure concerning the necessary improvement of spinal stenosis: an additional ventral approach for the revision of the spinal canal is unneeded. In fractures without neurologic deficit the repositioning of the displaced fragments promises an avoidance of long-term damages such as myelopathia and claudicatio spinalis.      

Does neurological recovery in thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures depend on the extent of canal compromise?

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVES: Forty-five consecutive cases of thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures treated non-operatively were analyzed to correlate the extent of canal compromise at the time of injury with (i) the initial neurologic deficit and (ii) with the extent of neurological recovery at 1 year. The effect of spinal canal remodeling on neurological recovery was also analyzed. SETTING: University teaching hospital in south India. METHODS: The degree of spinal canal compromise and canal remodeling were assessed from computed tomography scans. The neurologic status was assessed by Frankel's grading. RESULTS: The mean canal compromise in patients with neurologic deficit was 46.2% while in patients with no neurological deficit it was 36.3%. The mean spinal canal compromise in patients with neurological recovery was 46.1% and 48.4% in those with no recovery. The amount of canal remodeling in patients who recovered was 51.7% and 46.1% in the patients who did not recover. None of these differences was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there is no correlation between the neurologic deficit and subsequent recovery with the extent of spinal canal compromise in thoracolumbar burst fractures.     

CT scan prediction of neurological deficit in thoracolumbar burst fractures.

In 139 patients with burst fractures of the thoracic, thoracolumbar or lumbar spine, the least sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the level of injury was measured by computerised tomography. By multiple logistic regression we investigated the joint correlation of the level of the burst fracture and the percentage of spinal canal stenosis with the probability of an associated neurological deficit. There was a very significant correlation between neurological deficit and the percentage of spinal canal stenosis; the higher the level of injury the greater was the probability. The severity of neurological deficit could not be predicted.     

The significance of thoracolumbar spinal canal size in spinal cord injury patients

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, consecutive case series. OBJECTIVES: To determine the relation between spinal canal dimensions and Injury Severity Score and their association with neurologic sequelae after thoracolumbar junction burst fracture. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is a relation in the cervical spine between spinal canal dimension and its association with neurologic sequelae after trauma. A similar relation at the thoracolumbar junction has not been conclusively established. METHODS: Forty-three patients with thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12-L2),13 with and 30 without neurologic deficit, were included. Computed tomographic scans were used to measure the sagittal and transverse diameters and the surface area of the spinal canal at the level of injury, as well as one level above and one level below the fracture level. Injury severity score was calculated for both groups. Statistical analysis comparing those with a neurologic deficit to those without was performed by Student's t test. RESULTS: The ratio of sagittal-to-transverse diameter at the level of injury was significantly smaller in patients with a neurologic deficit than in those without a neurologic deficit (P < 0.05). The mean transverse diameter at the level of injury was significantly larger in patients with neurologic deficit than in the neurologically intact patients (P < 0.05). The surface area of the canal at the level below the injury was significantly larger in the patients with a neurologic deficit than in those without a deficit (P < 0.05). Patients with a neurologic deficit had a statistically higher Injury Severity Score when admitted than those without a neurologic deficit (P < 0.0001), although the difference became insignificant after the neurologic component of the scoring system was eliminated. CONCLUSION: There are no anatomic factors at the thoracolumbar junction that predispose to neurologic injury after burst fracture. The shape of the canal after injury, however, as determined by the sagittal-to-transverse diameter ratio, was predictive of neurologic deficit.     

胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折椎管容积和脊髓损伤的相关性研究

目的 测定胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折后椎管容积和脊髓损伤程度评分及脊髓损伤后遗症的关系.方法 前瞻性研究48例胸腰椎(T12-L2)爆裂性骨折的患者,15例有脊神经功能障碍,33例无脊神经功能障碍,用CT扫描来测量损伤水平及损伤水平上下节段椎管的矢径、横径和椎管的表面积,两组病人都用ISS评分作损伤程度评估.有脊髓损伤和无脊髓损伤者两组患者的测量数据用t检验作统计学分析.结果 在损伤平面其椎管横径的平均值,有脊神经功能障碍的患者明显大于无脊神经功能障碍者(P＜0.01).有脊神经功能障碍者其损伤平面以下的椎管表面积明显大于无脊神经功能障碍的患者(P＜0.05).有脊神经功能障碍者其椎管矢径与横径的比值明显小于无脊神经功能障碍患者(P＜0.01).结论 在胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折后没有解剖学上的因素能预见神经的损伤.然而,损伤后椎管矢状径与横径的比值却能预测神经功能障碍的程度.     

胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的外科治疗

目的探讨胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折手术治疗方法的选择。方法采用腰椎后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折69例,对比患者手术前后神经功能评价、影像学指标及自我满意率。结果平均随访32个月,Frankel评分平均提高1.2级;Cobb角由术前平均35°恢复至6°;椎体塌陷由术前的62%恢复至13%;19例术后CT扫描平均椎管内占位由61%恢复至32%;术后优良率(自我满意率)为72%。结论手术治疗可使患者尽早恢复日常生活,有效恢复脊柱序列及椎管容积、矫正后凸畸形,有利于胸、腰椎功能恢复。