替莫唑胺治疗胶质母细胞瘤的长期疗效评价

目的 以卡莫司汀(BCNU)为对照,观察替莫唑胺(TMZ)对胶质母细胞瘤化疗的疗效,并探讨O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)的表达对胶质母细胞瘤预后的影响. 方法 天津市环湖医院神经外科自2004年1月至2009年1月使用化疗药物治疗胶质母细胞瘤患者283例,其中应用TMZ 97例(TMZ组),BCNU 186例(BCNU组),免疫组织化学染色检测手术切除的肿瘤组织中MGMT的表达,对患者进行随访并比较2组患者的生存率、客观有效率和并发症的发生. 结果 TMZ组患者累积生存率高于BCNU组,差异有统计学意义(x2=27.944,P=0.000);TMZ组、BCNU组患者的客观有效率分别是75.26％(73/97)和45.16％(84/186),差异有统计学意义(x2=24.753,P=0.000);与BCNU组比较,TMZ组白细胞减少症的发生率较低,差异有统计学意义(x2=15.681,P=0.000). 结论 TMZ治疗胶质母细胞瘤疗效较BCNU显著,副作用小,耐受性好,是一种理想的胶质母细胞瘤术后化疗药物.     

替莫唑胺在胶质母细胞瘤化疗中的自噬作用研究进展

原发性恶性脑肿瘤相对少见,然而却是最致命的癌症之一.胶质母细胞瘤是最常见的恶性胶质瘤,预后最差,对促凋亡的化疗抵抗.目前广泛使用的化疗药替莫唑胺(TMZ)对抵抗促凋亡化疗的胶质母细胞瘤患者有确实的治疗效果,延长了患者的生存时间,主要是通过自噬这种肿瘤抑制机制实现的.本文就国内外对TMZ在胶质母细胞瘤化疗中的自噬作用研究进展综述如下.     

Hypofractionated intensity modulated radiotherapy with temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme

We conducted a phase I study to determine (a) the maximum tolerated dose of peri-radiation therapy temozolomide (TMZ) and (b) the safety of a selected hypofractionated intensity modulated radiation therapy (HIMRT) regimen in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Patients with histological diagnosis of GBM, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ⩾ 60 and adequate bone marrow function were eligible for the study. All patients received peri-radiation TMZ; 1 week before the beginning of radiation therapy (RT), 1 week after RT and for 3 weeks during RT. Standard 75 mg/m²/day dose was administered to all patients 1 week post-RT. Dose escalation was commenced at level I: 50 mg/m²/day, level II: 65 mg/m²/day and level III: 75 mg/m²/day for 4 weeks. HIMRT was delivered at 52.5 Gy in 15 fractions to the contrast enhancing lesion (or surgical cavity) plus the surrounding edema plus a 2 cm margin. Six men and three women with a median age of 67 years (range, 44–81) and a median KPS of 80 (range, 80–90) were enrolled. Three patients were accrued at each TMZ dose level. Median follow-up was 10 months (range, 1–15). Median progression free survival was 3.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–7.4; range, 0.9–9.9 months) and the overall survival 12.7 months (95% CI: 2.5–17.6; range, 2.5–20.7 months). Time spent in a KPS ⩾70 was 8.1 months (95% CI: 2.4–15.6; range, 2.4–16 months). No instance of irreversible grade 3 or higher acute toxicity was noted. HIMRT at 52.5 Gy in 15 fractions with peri-RT TMZ at a maximum tolerated dose of 75 mg/m²/day for 5 weeks is well tolerated and is able to abate treatment time for these patients.     

miR -21抑制替莫唑胺诱导U87细胞凋亡的体外实验研究

目的 探讨miR -21过表达在替莫唑胺诱导胶质瘤U87细胞凋亡中的作用及其机制.方法 miR - 21过表达载体转染U87细胞,Hoechst 33258染色和流式细胞分析凋亡,Westem blot验证Bax和Bcl -2表达及检测Caspase -3活性.结果 替莫唑胺可显著诱导U87细胞凋亡,上调Bax 表达、下调Bcl-2表达及增加Caspase -3活性.U87细胞预转染miR -21过表达载体后,替莫唑胺的这种效应可部分被抑制.结论 miR -21过表达可通过下调Bax/Bcl -2比率及Caspase -3活性部分抑制替莫唑胺诱导的U87细胞凋亡,提示胶质瘤中miR -21过表达可能是胶质瘤对替莫唑胺耐药的一大新的因素.     

放化疗同步与单纯放疗治疗胶质母细胞瘤的疗效比较

目的 比较单纯放疗(RT)与放疗加替莫唑胺(RT-TMZ)治疗胶质母细胞瘤的局控率、生存率及不良反应.方法 对60例首次术后的胶质母细胞瘤随机分为接受单纯放疗、放疗加每天持续的替莫唑胺治疗以及6个周期的替莫唑胺辅助治疗.每组30例.主要研究目标为整体生存率.结果 RT-TMZ组与RT组总有效率分别为53.3%和26.6%;1年累计局部复发率分别为63.3%和90.0%,1年无复发生存率分别为36.7%和10.0%,1年生存率分别为56.7%和16.7%(P<0.05).RT-TMZ组常见不良反应是恶心,呕吐,白细胞和血小板下降,但仅限于Ⅰ～Ⅱ度.结论 在提高局控率、延缓肿瘤复发与提高患者无瘤生存期方面RT-TMZ组要优于RT组,而不良反应方面两组反应均较轻微.     

精确放疗同步替莫唑胺治疗胶质母细胞瘤疗效初探

目的 探讨精确放疗同步替莫唑胺化疗对多形性胶质母细胞瘤的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2010年12月北京世纪坛医院收治的54例多形性胶质母细胞瘤,术后接受精确放疗(三维适形或调强放疗)同步替莫唑胺化疗,随后接受替莫唑胺辅助化疗.结果 全组共21例死亡,均死于肿瘤复发.全组1年总生存率为79.6％,1年无进展生存率为48.7％.32例出现复发,其中原位复发为16例.卡氏评分(KPS≥70分)组1年总生存率显著高于卡氏评分(KPS＜ 70分)组(86.8％与50.8％,P=0.005).全切或近全切除组1年总生存率高于部分切除组(84.4％与70.5％,P=0.067).仅2例出现3度以上不良反应(骨髓抑制).结论 精确放疗同步替莫唑胺化疗是多形性胶质母细胞瘤安全有效的治疗模式,卡氏评分和手术切除肿瘤的程度是影响生存的重要因素.     

肿瘤治疗电场联合替莫唑胺化疗与单独使用替莫唑胺化疗对胶质母细胞瘤临床疗效比较的Meta分析

目的 探讨单独使用替莫唑胺（TMZ）与替莫唑胺联合肿瘤治疗电场（TTF）治疗胶质母细胞瘤安全性和疗效的比较。方法 检索Pubmed、Cochrance、Embase、Ovid、Scopus、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统数据库、谷歌学术自建库至2020年4月5日的文献,筛选TMZ和TTF+TMZ进行疗效比较的随机对照研究,按照纳入和排除标准,把总体生存率（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）作为结局指标,最后使用Review Manager进行统计分析。结果 最终纳入4篇研究,共1091例患者,其中单纯TMZ组381例,TTF+TMZ组710例。TTF+TMZ组的平均OS （26.9个月）和平均PFS （14.7个月）,优于单纯TMZ组的平均OS （12.63个月）和平均PFS （5个月）（P<0.01）。结论 TTF+TMZ治疗GBM的有效性优于单纯使用TMZ的患者。     

Concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide of newly diagnosed glioblastoma in elderly patients

Objective

The effect of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in glioblastoma patients above the age of 65 years lacks evidence. However, after combined treatment became standard at our center all patients were considered for combined therapy. We retrospectively analyzed the effect of temozolomide focused on elderly patients.

Methods

293 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma treated single-centered between 1998 and 2010, by radiation alone or concomitant and adjuvant radiochemotherapy, were included. Treatment groups were analyzed by multi- and univariate analysis. Matched pairs for age, by a 5-year-caliper, extent of resection and general state was generated for all patients and elderly subgroups.

Results

103 patients received radiation only and 190 combined treatment. Multivariate and matched pair analysis revealed a benefit due to combined temozolomide (HR 1.895 and 1.752, respectively). For patients older than 65 years median survival was 3.6 (95% CI 3.2–4.7) and 8.7 months (6.3–11.8) for radiotherapy only and combined treatment (HR 3.097, p < 0.0001, n = 90). Over the age of 70 and 75 years median survival was 3.2 (2.3–4.2) vs. 7.5 (5.1–10.9, HR 4.453, p < 0.0001, n = 62) and 3.2 (1.4–3.9) vs. 9.2 months (4.7–13.5; HR 9.037, p < 0.0001, n = 24), respectively. In 8/56 (14%) patients over the age of 70 years temozolomide was terminated due to toxicity.

Conclusion

Retrospective matched pair analysis gives class 2b evidence for prolonged survival due to concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in elderly glioblastoma patients. Until prospective data for combined radiochemotherapy in elderly patients will be available concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide therapy should not be withheld.     

P57对U87胶质母细胞瘤细胞系增殖的抑制作用及对替莫唑胺化疗损伤的抵抗作用

目的 探讨替莫唑胺(TMZ)短期化疗下P57在胶质母细胞瘤细胞增殖抑制中的作用和机制. 方法 通过Western blotting检测P57和核增殖抗原(Ki-67)在TMZ短期化疗后U87细胞中的表达情况;通过Western blotting和免疫组化染色比较原发性和复发性(经TMZ治疗)胶质母细胞瘤临床标本中P57的表达差异;通过干扰P57的表达,检测TMZ短期化疗下和撤药后U87细胞凋亡、细胞周期和细胞活力的变化. 结果 TMZ短期化疗后,U87细胞中P57蛋白表达量明显升高,而Ki-67表达量明显下降;胶质母细胞瘤临床标本中复发性肿瘤的P57表达量高于原发性肿瘤;干扰P57表达后周期素依赖性激酶2(Cdk2)的表达量增加,表现为TMZ对U87细胞的增殖抑制作用减弱,但细胞凋亡率明显升高(未干扰细胞凋亡率为12.83％±1.40％,干扰组细胞凋亡率为31.00％±3.48％);此外,撤药后,与对照组相比,P57干扰组U87细胞发生明显细胞周期阻滞和细胞活力下降. 结论 TMZ短期化疗下,U87细胞通过上调P57表达及下调Cdk2表达抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,同时通过抑制细胞周期进程以降低化疗损伤.     

Carbamazepine toxicity during combination therapy with levetiracetam: a pharmacodynamic interaction

Levetiracetam is a novel antiepileptic drug with an unknown mechanism of action. To-date levetiracetam is not known to be associated with any clinically significant pharmacokinetic interaction. Similarly, levetiracetam has not been associated with any pharmacodynamic interactions. We present four patients with severe refractory epilepsy in whom introduction of levetiracetam led to disabling symptoms compatible with carbamazepine toxicity requiring either carbamazepine dose reduction or levetiracetam withdrawal. As carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide blood levels were not altered during levetiracetam co-medication, a pharmacodynamic interaction is suggested. Therefore, during levetiracetam co-medication with carbamazepine, patients should be monitored closely for symptoms of carbamazepine toxicity.     

Impact of the per-operatory application of GLIADEL wafers (BCNU, carmustine) in combination with temozolomide and radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Efficacy and toxicity

Purpose

For the last few years wafers of Gliadel have been inserted into the operation cavity in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. This is followed by concurrent radio-chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) according to the Stupp protocol. Only a few studies have investigated this kind of treatment regimen and the impact in terms of survival and toxicity of the combination of Gliadel with TMZ and radiotherapy.

Methods and materials

From November 2006 to January 2010, 24 patients with a newly diagnosed glioblastoma have undergone a tumour resection which was considered to be macroscopically complete in 12 cases and with tumour residue in another 12 cases. The mean age at the moment of diagnosis was 60.25 years and the median age 63.Twenty-three patients underwent subsequently concurrent radio-chemotherapy with TMZ followed by cycles of elevated doses of TMZ as an adjuvant treatment. One patient had adjuvant radiotherapy alone followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Thirteen were able to receive 6 or more cycles of adjuvant TMZ. Seven patients had received less than 6 cycles of TMZ as an adjuvant therapy. Two patients did not receive adjuvant TMZ at all.

Results

The median overall survival of our group was 19.2 months and the median progression free survival was 12.3 months. Overall survival for the macroscopically complete-resection patients was 14 months, and 12.85 months in subtotal-resection patients. The median OS was 14.25 months for patients PS 0 – 1 at the moment of diagnosis and 12.65 for PS 2 patients. Chemotherapy with TMZ had to be stopped prematurely in 10 cases due to haematotoxicity, digestive toxicity or early relapse.

Conclusions

The concomitant use of surgery with implantation of BCNU wafers and radio-chemotherapy seems to be well tolerated. Despite the small number of patients treated in our group, particular attention should be paid to the potential haematological consequences of this multimodal treatment regimen.     

Multiple resections and survival of recurrent glioblastoma patients in the temozolomide era

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults for which recurrence is inevitable and surgical resection is often recommended. We investigated the relationship between multiple tumor resections and overall survival (OS) in adult glioblastoma patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy and temozolomide following initial surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all newly diagnosed adult GBM patients with tumor recurrence at our institution from March 2003 to October 2012. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazards model were utilized to evaluate the impact of multiple resections on OS. A total of 202 GBM patients were analyzed; 83 (41.1%), 94 (46.5%), and 25 (12.4%) patients underwent one, two, and three or more total resections, respectively. Patients who underwent multiple resections were significantly younger (p < 0.0001) and had higher perioperative Karnofsky Performance Status scores (p < 0.0001) than single resection patients. The median OS in months was 21.1, 25.5, and 29.0 for patients who had one, two, and three or more resections, respectively (Wilcoxon p = 0.03). In a confounder-adjusted multivariate model, patients with multiple resections did not have significantly improved survival (p = 0.55). Older age was strongly associated with poorer OS (hazard ratio 1.34, p < 0.0001). Age at diagnosis was the only predictor of survival for recurrent GBM patients. After adjusting for age at diagnosis, multiple resections were not an independent predictor of OS in our glioblastoma cohort treated in the temozolomide era.     

胶质母细胞瘤组织RBM8A表达与病人预后及替莫唑胺化疗敏感性的关系

目的 探讨胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）组织RNA结合基序8A（RBM8A）蛋白表达与病人预后及替莫唑胺（TMZ）化疗敏感性的关系。方法 选取2015年6月至2020年6月手术切除的GBM组织130例及颅脑损伤减压术中切取的非肿瘤脑组织20例（对照）,用免疫组化法检测组织RBM8A表达。术随访时间3~50个月,中位随访时间为12个月。结果 GBM组织RBM8A高表达率[86.15%（112/130）]明显高于对照组[20%（4/20）;P<0.05]。随访期间死亡98例,失访2例;多因素Cox回归分析显示,RBM8A高表达是GBM病人生存预后不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。生存曲线分析显示,RBM8A高表达GBM病人中位无复发生存时间和总生存时间均明显低于低表达病人（P<0.05）;RBM8A低表达GBM病人中,TMZ化疗病人无复发生存时间和总生存时间均明显高于未化疗病人（P<0.05）;TMZ化疗与RBM8A高表达GBM病人无复发生存时间和总生存时间无明显关系（P>0.05）。结论 GBM组织RBM8A呈高表达,与病人不良生存预后有关。检测RBM8A有助于评估GBM病人对TMZ化疗敏感性。