姚新苗“温阳祛瘀”法治疗足痹经验探析

[目的]总结国家级名老中医张杰教授辨治慢性萎缩性胃炎的经验。[方法]通过临床跟师、收集病例,对张杰教授治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医理论创新及临床思路进行分析总结,并列举医案验证。[结果]在慢性萎缩性胃炎诊治方面,张教授认为脾胃亏虚为本,内外合毒为因,胃络瘀阻为标,虚、毒、瘀互结,并独创"肝脾建中、脾阳为本"理论指导临床,主张以肝脾同建、顾护脾阳为主要治法,兼顾解毒化瘀、扶助正气,临证重视舌脉合参,遣方用药遵循经方。所附医案,张教授辨为肝胃气滞、毒瘀互结,治宜肝脾同建、行气宽中、解毒化瘀,以柴平汤、胃痞汤两方加减治疗,获得良好疗效。[结论]张杰教授治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎,注意肝脾同建、顾护脾阳,兼顾解毒化瘀、扶助正气,临证时重视舌脉,遵循经方,其经验值得临床借鉴学习。     

肝纤维化的病机认识和辨证论治

我国人群肝纤维化发生的主要原因是病毒性肝炎,其中以乙型,丙型和丁型肝炎最多见,肝纤维化的病因主要是湿热疫毒入侵,并与正气不足有关。病机关键为热毒瘀结,肝脾损伤,对肝纤维化的治疗,应以凉血化阏解普基本方法,配合滋养肝脾,利湿化瘀等法,可初步分为以下6个证型进行辨证论治,即肝郁脾虚证,湿热蕴结证,气滞血淤证,热毒瘀结证,气阴两虚证,肝肾阴虚证,认为热毒瘀结是肝纤维化的中心证型。     

薛博瑜教授辨治肝纤维化经验

薛博瑜教授认为,热毒瘀结、肝脾损伤是肝纤维化的病机特点,指出在分型辨治基础上着重强调清化瘀毒;并以中医理论为指导,结合实验研究,研制抗肝纤维化和免疫调节的有效方药,延缓纤维化进程,延长生存期,提高患者生活质量.     

薛博瑜教授运用犀角地黄汤合四逆散治疗慢性丙型肝炎经验

薛博瑜教授在诊疗慢性丙型肝炎过程中,认为热毒瘀结、肝脾损伤为病机重点,以清解血分热毒,活血化瘀,疏肝理脾为治疗大法,常选用犀角地黄汤合四逆散取得良好疗效,为临床治疗丙型肝炎提供思路。     

基于病案数据挖掘定量结合定性研究周仲瑛教授辨治肝癌方案

[目的]基于病案数据挖掘定量结合定性总结周仲瑛教授辨治肝癌方案。[方法]通过整理周仲瑛教授辨治肝癌的病案,并结合数据挖掘和名医定性访谈的方法,对周仲瑛教授辨治肝癌病机特点、治则治法、临证方案加以总结。[结果]周仲瑛教授治疗肝癌主要着眼于病机分析,认为肝癌的基本病机是湿热瘀毒互结,肝脾两伤。病理因素是以癌毒为核心,与湿、热、痰、瘀、郁等胶结复合为患。病理性质多属本虚标实,虚实夹杂。病位主要在肝脾,涉及胆、胃、肾、肺。病机演变,早期以湿热瘀毒内伏为主,中晚期癌毒暗耗气血,病机往往复杂多变。而治疗重在把握扶正祛邪的主次。临证常见7种复合证型为:湿热瘀毒郁结,癌毒内蕴,肝脾两伤证;湿热瘀毒郁结,肝胃失和,胃气上逆证;肝郁脾虚,湿热瘀毒互结证;肝肾阴虚,湿热瘀毒郁滞证;湿热瘀毒互结,络热血溢证;气阴两虚,湿热瘀毒互结证;肝脾两伤,土败木贼,气滞水停,湿热瘀毒未尽证。[结论]周仲瑛教授临证采用病机辨证方法,结合基本病机,围绕病机之间的兼夹、复合、转化及演变,因机立法,随证加减。所列出的7种常见复合证型及辨治方案涉及了肝癌病程的各个阶段。临床特色突出,改善了患者的生活质量,疗效肯定。其临证方案对中医药治疗肝癌具有借鉴意义和推广价值。     

李振华教授治疗鼓胀的经验

目的:探讨国医大师李振华治疗鼓胀的临床经验。方法:通过跟师学习,分析李振华治疗鼓胀的经验。结果:李振华教授认为,鼓胀的病因病机为情志失调,饮食不节,及他病如慢性肝炎等转化所致。治疗采用辨证论治,气滞湿阻证用加减逍遥散治疗;寒湿困脾证用胃苓汤合实脾饮加减治疗;湿热蕴结证用加减茵陈五苓散治疗;肝脾血瘀用李氏疏肝活瘀汤治疗;肝肾阴虚用加减滋水清肝饮治疗;脾肾阳虚用实脾饮合附子理中汤化裁治疗。结论:李振华教授治疗鼓胀疗效显著。     

劳绍贤教授应用岭南地道药材经验采菁

[目的]总结劳绍贤教授运用岭南道地药材治疗内外科杂病的临证用药经验,并加以推广。[方法]通过日常跟诊、记录典型病例、查阅相关文献,从经验方药方面论述劳教授运用岭南道地药材的学术思想和临证经验,对其用药经验和自拟良方进行总结,并附验案加以佐证。[结果]劳绍贤教授根据岭南地理环境及岭南人体质特点,以传统中医药辨证与现代中药药理研究相结合,临证善用岭南中草药治疗内外科疾病。湿热与毒互结所致慢性肝炎,当治以疏肝健脾、清热解毒,选用田基黄;湿热与瘀滞搏结所致慢性前列腺炎,当治以清热利湿、活血通络,选用广东王不留行;湿热气滞互结所致胃脘痛,当治以清热祛湿、理气止痛,选用救必应;湿温发热当治以透热解表、芳香化湿,选用土茵陈;热毒互结所致实热肿痛,当治以清热凉血解毒,选用肿节风;瘀滞所致胸胁痛,当治以疏肝和络止痛,选用铁包金配穿破石。验案一诊断为胃痞(脾胃湿热证)、胁痛(气滞血瘀证),治宜清热化湿、理气通瘀,方用"清浊安中汤合菖志"加减,方中重用铁包金和穿破石。验案二诊断为胃痞(脾胃湿热证)、牙痛(胃火炽盛证),治宜清热化湿、泻火消肿,方用"清浊安中汤合藿香"加减,其中重用肿节风治疗后均获得良效。[结论]劳绍贤教授针对岭南地域气候特点及人群体质,提出"湿热与滞、瘀、毒互结"之病机,因地制宜采用岭南道地药材治疗内外科杂病,临床疗效显著,其经验及验方值得推广以造福更多患者。     

禤国维论治皮肤血管炎经验

介绍禤国维教授辨证论治皮肤血管炎经验。禤教授论治本病强调"湿、毒、瘀"致病。认为本病因外感湿邪蕴阻肌肤,郁而化热,气血凝滞,血络损伤所致。病程日久,迁延成毒,而成湿毒、热毒、瘀毒等互相影响之复杂病机。临床辨证时应首分"寒热",常见湿热瘀阻证与寒湿瘀阻证,分别以四妙勇安汤、当归四逆汤加减。日久湿热毒瘀凝滞,常用自拟"皮肤解毒汤"加减治疗;重视活血、化瘀、通络法的运用,并贯穿本病治疗始终;后期善于使用虫类药破瘀通络。     

无症状性高尿酸血症辨治思路浅析

无症状性高尿酸血症的病机是脾肾亏虚、痰浊湿热、瘀阻血脉,为本虚标实之证。本虚为脾虚、肾虚、肝肾不足;标实为湿浊、湿热、瘀血阻滞、痰瘀互结、浊毒内生。治疗当清泄湿浊瘀热,兼顾补益脾肾,自拟内清、外清、清补之清热化浊降酸方,并论述了该方的组方意义及临证加减。     

邵铭主任医师治疗慢性丙型肝炎辨证论治经验

介绍邵铭教授治疗慢性丙型肝炎辨证论治经验,他认为热毒瘀结、肝脾损伤是丙型肝炎的病机特点,指出凉血化瘀解毒、调养肝脾是基本大法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.