日本血吸虫重组Bb(pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32)疫苗的构建及鉴定

目的构建并鉴定日本血吸虫重组双歧杆菌属两歧双歧杆菌(Bb)(pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32)疫苗。方法从本室保存的BL21(DE3)(pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32)重组菌中抽提质粒pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32,PCR扩增Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因,将该融合基因定向克隆到大肠埃希菌-双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体pGEX-1λT中,构建重组质粒pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32。将此重组质粒转化至大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,抽提质粒并进行BamHⅠ及EcoRⅠ双酶切,鉴定载体片段及目的基因片段长度。用电穿孔法将重组质粒pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32转化至Bb,构建重组Bb(pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32),抽提质粒,进行PCR鉴定。结果 PCR成功扩增出长度为1 991bp的Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因;双酶切证实Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因成功插入质粒pGEX-1λT中;PCR证实从重组Bb(pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32)疫苗中扩增出1991bp的Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因。结论成功构建重组Bb(pGEX-Sj26GST-Sj32)疫苗。     

日本血吸虫重组两歧双歧杆菌pGEX-Sj14-3-3疫苗构建及鉴定

目的 构建日本血吸虫重组双歧杆菌属两歧双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium bifidum,Bb)pGEx-Sj14-3-3疫苗,并进行鉴定.方法 从日本血吸虫成虫中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增Sj14-3-3抗原编码基因.将Sj14-3-3基因定向克隆到大肠埃希菌-双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体pGEX-1λT中,构建重组质粒pGEX-Sj14-3-3.用重组质粒将大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)转化为感受态细胞,抽提重组质粒进行双酶切,鉴定载体片段和基因片段长度:采用电穿孔法,用重组质粒pGEX-Sj14-3-3转化Bh,构建Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗,抽提疫苗的质粒进行PCR鉴定,比较重新构建的pGEX-Sj14-3-3基因片段长度与日本血吸虫成虫中Sjl4-3-3基因片段长度是否相同.结果 RT-PCR扩增出的日本血吸虫成虫Sj14-3-3基因片段长度为399 bp;双酶切鉴定,重组质粒pGEX-Sj14-3-3载体片段长度为4947 bp,Sj14-3-3基因片段长度为399 bp;在重组的Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗中,得到Sj14-3-3基因片段长度为399 bp,与预期的结果一致.结论 成功构建了日本血吸虫重组Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗.

Abstract：

Objective To construct and identify recombinant vaccine Bifwlobacterium bifidum(Bb)pGEX-Sj14-3-3 of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj). Methods Total RNA was extracted from adult Sj, antigen encoding gene Sj14-3-3 was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into Escherichia coli (E. coli)-Bb shuttle expression vector pGEX-1λT to construct recombinant plasmid pGEX-Sj14-3-3. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3).The plasmid was extracted and identified by using BamH I and EcoR I. Then pGEX-Sjl4-3-3 was electroporated into Bb to construct recombinant Bb (pGEX-Sj14-3-3) vaccine. The extracted plasmid of the recombinant Bb (pGEX-Sj14-3-3) vaccine was identified by PCR, and the size of the products was compared with Sj14-3-3 gene of adult worms.Results Sj14-3-3 of 399 bp in length was amplified by RT-PCR. The products were digested by BamH I and EcoR I , and the fragments length of plasmid pGEX-Sj14-3-3 vector was 4947 bp, and of Sj 14-3-3 gene was 399 bp.The product of 399 bp Sj14-3-3 gene was also amplified by PCR from template of the extracted plasmid of the recombinant Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3 ) vaccine. The size of the product obtained was just the same as expected.Conclusion The recombinant Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3) vaccine of Sj is successfully constructed.     

日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj32的构建及其在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达

目的构建日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj32,研究该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达。方法超声粉碎日本血吸虫成虫,提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增Sj32抗原编码基因;将该基因克隆至原核表达载体pET28α,构建重组质粒pET28α-Sj32并转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对表达产物进行分析和鉴定。结果RT-PCR扩增出1270bp的Sj32基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实Sj32基因成功插入pET28α中,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达产物为分子质量单位约为42ku的重组蛋白,与预期结果一致,表达的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的24%;Western blot鉴定重组蛋白能被日本血吸虫感染的兔血清识别。结论成功构建了日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj32,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21中获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白具有抗原特异性。     

日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶重组质粒的构建及其在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达

目的 构建日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(Sj26GST)重组质粒pET32α-Sj26GST,观察该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达.方法 超声粉碎日本血吸虫成虫,提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增Sj26GST抗原编码基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET32α(+),构建pET32α-Sj26GST,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后,用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和Western blot 对表达产物进行分析和鉴定.结果 RT-PCR扩增出676 bp的Sj26GST基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实Sj26GST基因成功插入pET32α(+)中,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达产物为相对分子质量约为49×103的重组蛋白,与预期结果一致,表达的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的24%;Western blot鉴定重组蛋白能被日本血吸虫感染的兔血清识别.结论 成功构建了pET32α-Sj26GST,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21中获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白具有特异的抗原性.     

日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32的构建及其在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达

目的 构建日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32,观察该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达.方法 超声粉碎日本血吸虫成虫,提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增获得Sj26GST和Sj32抗原编码基因,然后采用基因拼接法剪接Sj26GST和Sj32,得到Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因,克隆至大肠埃希菌原核表达载体pET28α,构建重组质粒pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和Western印迹法对表达产物进行分析和鉴定.结果 基因拼接法扩增出长度约1991 bp的Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因成功插入pET28α中,SDS-PAGE分析显示表达产物为相对分子质量约69×103的重组蛋白,与预期结果一致,表达的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的25%;Western印迹法鉴定重组蛋白能被日本血吸虫感染的兔血清识别.结论 成功构建了日本血吸虫重组质粒pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白具有特异的抗原性.

Abstract：

Objective To construct and express the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 of Schistosoma japonicum(Sj) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Methods Total RNA was extracted from Sj adult worms by ultrasound-breaking, Sj26GST and Sj32 antigen gene was respectively amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA; Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene obtained with gene splicing by overlap extension(SOEing) was cloned into prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28α and transformed into Escherichia coli BL2 (DE3) to construct pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32;BL21 (pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32) was induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranosid (IPTG), and the expressed products were analyzed and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis (SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting. Results The 1991 bp Sj26GST-Sj32 fusion gene was successfully amplified by gene SOEing and cloned into pET28α by restriction analysis and PCR identification, the recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 was successfully constructed; the relative molecular mass of the expressed recombinant protein was approximately 69 × 103 by SDS-PAGE, and the amount of the expressed protein was 25% of the total bacterial proteins; the fusion protein could be recognized by sera from rabbits infected with Sj by Western blotting.Conclusions The recombinant plasmid pET28α-Sj26GST-Sj32 is successfully constructed and highly expressed in Escherichia coli in fused form with His-tag, and the expressed fusion protein shows specific antigenicity.     

日本血吸虫重组质粒pQE30-Sj26GST-Sj32的构建及其在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达

目的构建日本血吸虫重组质粒pQE30-Sj26GST-Sj32,研究该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达。方法超声粉碎日本血吸虫成虫,提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增获Sj26GST和Sj32抗原编码基因;采用基因拼接法(gene SOEing)剪接Sj26GST和Sj32,得到Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因;将融合基因克隆至原核表达载体pQE30,构建重组质粒pQE30-Sj26GST-Sj32并转化大肠埃希菌BL21,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达后用SDS-PAGE和Western blot对表达产物进行分析和鉴定。结果基因拼接法扩增出约1 991 bp的Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因;双酶切和PCR鉴定证实Sj26GST-Sj32融合基因成功插入pQE30中,SDS-PAGE显示表达产物为分子质量单位约为61 ku的重组蛋白,与预期结果一致,表达的蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的18%;Western blot鉴定重组蛋白能被日本血吸虫感染的兔血清识别。结论成功构建了日本血吸虫重组质粒pQE30-Sj26GST-Sj32,该质粒在大肠埃希菌BL21中获得了高效融合表达,表达的融合蛋白具有抗原特异性。     

铜绿假单胞菌重组Bb-OprF疫苗构建及鉴定

目的构建和鉴定铜绿假单胞菌重组双歧杆菌(rBb) OprF疫苗。方法以铜绿假单胞菌PAOl标准株提取总RNA为模板,自行设计引物,RT PCR扩增获得OprF抗原编码基因,经酶切、连接定向克隆入大肠埃希菌 双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体pGEX 1λT,构建重组质粒pGEX OprF。转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,抽提质粒行酶切电泳和测序验证后,电穿孔转化到Bb中,构建铜绿假单胞菌rBb OprF疫苗,抽提质粒进行PCR扩增鉴定。结果RT PCR扩增出1 016bp的OprF编码基因;重组质粒经双酶切鉴定,切出4 947bp的载体片段和10 16bp的目的基因片段;以rBb抽提质粒为模板进行PCR扩增可得到1 016bp的oprF基因片段。结论成功构建了铜绿假单胞菌rBb OprF疫苗,为该疫苗的进一步研究奠定基础。     

细粒棘球绦虫重组Bb-Eg95疫苗的构建及鉴定

目的 构建和鉴定细粒棘球绦虫(Eg)重组双歧杆菌(rBb)-Eg95疫苗.方法 自行设计引物,从细粒棘球蚴包囊中分离原头节,超声粉碎后提取总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增获得Eg95抗原编码基因,采用BamH Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ双酶切,定向克隆到大肠埃希菌-双歧杆菌(E.coli-Bb)穿梭表达载体pGEX-1λT中,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,构建重组质粒pGEX-Eg95.抽提质粒进行双酶切鉴定后,电穿孔转化到Bb中,构建细粒棘球绦虫rBb-Eg95疫苗,抽提质粒进行PCR扩增鉴定.结果 RT-PCR扩增出471 bp的Eg95抗原编码基因;重组质粒用双酶切鉴定可切出4947 bp的载体片段和471 bp的目的 基因片段:以具有氨苄青霉素抗性的rBb中抽提的质粒为模板进行PCR扩增可得到471 bp的Eg95基因片段.结论 成功构建了细粒棘球绦虫rBb-Eg95疫苗,为该疫苗的开发利用奠定了理论基础.     

猪带绦虫重组Bb(pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18)疫苗的构建及鉴定

目的构建和鉴定猪带绦虫重组双歧杆菌(Bb)(pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18)疫苗。方法用疏水甘氨酸接头连接TSO45W-4B和TSOL18编码基因,通过全基因合成方法合成猪带绦虫TSO45W-4B-TSOL18融合基因。将该融合基因定向克隆到大肠埃希菌-双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体pGEX-1λT中,构建重组质粒pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18。电穿孔法将该质粒导入Bb,构建猪带绦虫重组Bb(pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18)疫苗,从具有氨苄青霉素抗性的rBb中抽提质粒进行酶切、PCR和测序鉴定。结果全基因合成789bp的TSO45W-4B-TSOL18融合基因片段。从具有氨苄青霉素抗性的rBb中抽提质粒pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18,经BamHⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切得到4 944bp的pGEX-1λT载体片段和789bp的TSO45W-4B-TSOL18融合基因片段,与预期结果相符;以该重组质粒为模板进行PCR扩增得到789bp的TSO45W-4B-TSOL18融合基因片段,经测序基因片段为789bp,与预期大小相符。结论成功构建了猪带绦虫重组Bb(pGEX-TSO45W-4B-TSOL18)疫苗,为该疫苗的表达及免疫原性研究奠定了基础。     

弓形虫RH株膜表面抗原2全长基因的高效表达与抗原性分析

目的　构建原核重组表达质粒pET23aSAG2,并在大肠埃希菌中实现高效表达,以及检测表达产物的抗原性。　方法　PCR扩增SAG2编码基因目的片段,琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收纯化,克隆至pMD18T载体,转化大肠埃希菌DH5α。测序后亚克隆至表达质粒载体pET23a,构建重组表达质粒pET2 3aSAG2,转化大肠埃希菌DH5α。筛选阳性克隆,经限制性酶切分析鉴定后,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),以异丙基 βD硫代半乳糖苷诱导表达。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS PAGE)与免疫印迹分析表达产物。　结果　PCR扩增出约500bp的SAG2编码基因目的片段,与预期片段大小相符,经测序鉴定无基因突变;所构建的pET23aSAG2重组表达质粒阳性克隆经PCR与双酶切鉴定,与预期结果一致;含有pET23aSAG2重组质粒的大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)诱导后得到了高效表达,SDS PAGE显示表达产物约Mr19000;免疫印迹结果表明表达产物具有良好的抗原性。　结论　成功构建了pET23aSAG2表达质粒,实现了全长成熟SAG2蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的高效表达;表达产物具有良好的抗原性。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.