Cervical laminoplasty for cervical myeloradiculopathy

The role for treatment of conditions resulting in cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy through posterior approaches is discussed. The indications and advantages of a posterior approach andin particular laminoplasty are reviewed. Various techniques of laminoplasty are presented. The senior author's technique and series in expansive open door laminoplasty is also reviewed. The series was a prospective study performed to evaluate the clinical result, and the position of the open door laminae in the postoperative period. Cervical open door expansive laminoplasty was performed on 22 patients for cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. Preoperative Nurick's classification and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score averaged 1.9 and 11.9, respectively. At follow-up (mean, 25.9 months; range, 15 to 40 months), NUR³ classification and JOA scores improved to 0.8 and 15.3, respectively. Digital analysis of serial computed tomography scans shows an average increase in the anteroposterior sagittal diameter of 58% (7.1 mm) with an associated settling of 10% (1.7 mm). Early postsurgical complications include one complete loss of an open door laminar position, and two cases of transient radiculopathy. The transient cases of radiculopathy were related to a fracture of the laminar hinge causing root impingement in one case, and the other caused by nerve root traction at the nonhinged side. Recommendations include a generous open door for the laminoplasty in anticipation of postoperative settling, and foraminal decompression for foraminal radiculopathy. Laminoplasty provides excellent clinical results in patients with myeloradiculopathy caused by cervical spondylotic stenosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.     

Cervical laminoplasty vs cervical laminectomy with fusion

Cervical spinal stenosis is a commonly encountered condition. Symptoms of radiculopathy are ameliorable to conservative measures. However, central canal stenosis in the setting of myelopathy is a disease warranting surgical intervention. To decompress the spinal cord, the canal needs to be expanded. Traditionally this can be accomplished via a laminectomy. The occurrence of postoperative deformity has led to the advent of other surgical techniques to address spinal stenosis. Both cervical laminoplasty and laminectomy with posterior fusion are available options that may prevent the progression of cervical instability or deformity or both. This article discusses the treatments available and outlines the benefits of each.     

颈椎前路减压分段融合术和后路椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的病例对照研究

目的 :比较颈椎前路减压分段融合术和后路椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:对2009年7月至2012年6月收治的56例多节段脊髓型颈椎病病例进行回顾性分析,男32例,女24例;年龄42~79岁,平均(56.9±12.8)岁,病程2个月~16年,平均(10.6±3.2)年。所有患者术前经影像学检查显示有多节段颈椎间盘突出,并具有脊髓型颈椎病的临床表现。其中34例采用颈椎前路减压分段融合术(前路组),22例采用后路椎管扩大成形术(后路组)。通过影像学资料对两组患者手术前后的病变节段前柱高度和颈椎前曲度进行比较,并采用JOA评分评价手术效果。结果:两组患者无神经血管并发症发生,并获得24~36个月的随访(平均28.6个月)。前路组,术后2周时颈椎病变节段前柱高度较术前明显增高(P0.05),颈椎前曲度较术前明显降低(P0.05)。后路组,术后2周及末次随访时,病变节段前柱高度和颈椎前曲度较术前差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组间在术后2周及末次随访时颈椎前曲度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后两组JOA评分均出现了明显恢复,术后3个月及末次随访时,前路组明显高于后路组(P0.05),且JOA评分改善率前路组也优于后路组(P0.05)。结论:这种分段式前路融合手术可以有效地恢复颈椎前柱高度,并且与颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术相比,可以显著地改善脊髓功能,是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方案。     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

纳米人工骨间隔物在颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术中的应用

目的探讨纳米人工骨间隔物在颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术中应用的临床疗效。方法对32例行该手术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者进行回顾性分析,采用JOA评分法、颈椎管平均矢状径评价临床疗效,X线、CT判定植骨融合状况。结果术后所有患者症状体征得到改善,JOA评分由术前平均10.5分增加至术后1年时平均15.4分,改善率为70.8%。术后下颈椎的各节段椎管扩大明显,椎管矢状径差异有显著性。术后6个月、1年及2年的植骨块融合率分别为57.5%、80%及93.1%。结论多节段脊髓型颈椎病应用纳米人工骨间隔物的颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术治疗,安全、有效,值得临床推广。     

改良的单开门椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的介绍一种改良的单开门椎板成形术并观察其疗效和对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法对19例颈椎病患者进行改良的单开门手术,手术前和随访时进行JOA评分并了解颈肩痛的发生率和持续时间,CT／MRI测量椎管的矢状径,动力位摄片观察颈椎的稳定性,测量C2-C7 Cobb角观察颈椎前凸的变化。结果平均随访时间为13个月,JOA评分自术前平均为8．76提高到随访时12．12分,改善率平均为45．4％;颈肩痛发生率26.3％;各节段椎管矢状径均有明显增大,而最大的增幅出现在C5水平;颈椎前凸并没有发生明显改变;随访时的动力位摄片没有发现颈椎节段性不稳定。结论这种应用羟基磷灰石spacer并进行后方韧带重建的改良的单开门手术治疗脊髓性颈椎病效果良好,由于保留了后方的棘突和韧带并进行了重建,术后颈椎的生理弧度和稳定性良好。     

单开门微型钢板在颈后路椎管扩大成形术中的应用

2013年3月～2014年5月,我科采用 Centerpiece 微型钢板治疗12例脊髓型颈椎病患者,近期疗效满意,报道如下。     

颈椎“双开门”椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的 总结分析颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果.方法 对61例行颈椎后路“双开门”椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者进行回顾性分析,采用JOA评分法、颈椎管平均矢状径评价临床疗效,X线、CT判定植骨融合状况.结果 术后所有患者症状体征得到改善,JOA评分由术前平均10.6...     

单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病远期疗效

目的探讨单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的远期疗效。方法回顾分析我院自1992-1999年采用单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者85例的临床资料。结果平均随访7.5年(5～12年),术前JOA评分9.3±0.4,术后JOA评分11.4±0.4,末次随访JOA评分14.3±0.5,神经功能改善率65.2%。随着术前病程的延长,术后改善率逐步下降。结论单开门椎管扩大成形术是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病较好的术式,远期疗效确实。     

颈椎后路改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的 :探讨颈椎后路改良单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 :回顾性分析2013年6月~2015年12月采颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗并获得随访的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,均采用相同的微型钛板固定单开门椎板,其中21例(男17例,女4例,年龄66.2±10.0岁)采用改良单开门椎管扩大成形术(改良组),39例(男36例,女3例,年龄57.3±10.5岁)采用传统单开门椎管扩大成形术(传统组),收集两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、手术费用,随访两组患者神经功能改善情况、颈椎曲度、颈椎曲度指数、颈椎活动度及轴性症状等,并进行比较。结果:两组患者性别、年龄、病程、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均无显著性差异(P0.05),两组手术费用比较有显著性差异,改良组平均手术费用明显低于传统组(P0.05)。术后随访12~24个月,术后12个月两组患者均达到骨性融合,两组神经功能均明显改善,JOA评分改善率改良组为(60.46±9.65)%,传统组为(46.41±24.33)%,两组比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。改良组术后12个月时颈椎曲度丢失4.7°±1.9°,颈椎曲度指数丢失(3.09±.14)%,颈椎活动度丢失7.3°±2.3°;传统组颈椎曲度丢失8.9°±5.6°,颈椎曲度指数丢失(6.27±3.42)%,颈椎活动度丢失13.0°±3.9°,两组比较均有显著性差异(P0.01)。改良组术后出现轴性疼痛症状患者3例,传统组为19例,两组比较有显著性差异(P0.01)。随访期间两组均无再关门发生,两组均无钛板、螺钉松动移位。结论:与颈椎后路传统单开门椎管扩大成形术相比,改良单开门椎管扩大成形术在获得良好神经减压效果的同时,可减少手术费用,降低术后颈椎轴性症状的发生率,有利于颈椎曲度和颈椎活动度的维持。     

脊髓型颈椎病电生理检测特点及临床评估相关性分析

目的　探讨皮层体感诱发电位 (CSEP)检测结果与脊髓型颈椎病 (CSM)临床表现、后路“单开门”椎板成形(ODLP)手术疗效间的相关性。方法　选择并随访 31例行ODLP的病例 ,按照CSEP检测波形分类 ,并根据手术前后JOA分值进行病情分度、计算临床改善率 ,进而将各因素相关数据进行统计处理 ,分析彼此间的相关性。结果　CSM患者术前JOA分值为 8.4 2± 2 .94 ,术后为 11.4 6± 2 .85 ,随访时为 12 .13± 3.2 0 ,术后及随访JOA分值明显增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,临床改善率为 4 7.80 %± 2 3.4 2 %。CSEP检测Ⅰ型波 3例 ,Ⅱ型波 6例 ,Ⅲ型波 14例 ,Ⅳ型波 8例 ;临床症状严重者 2例 ,重度者 11例 ,中度者 16例 ,轻度者 2例 ;手术疗效优良者 15例 ,一般者 16例。CSEP检测结果与临床病情间进行相关性分析 (Hc=14 .4 8,P <0 .0 1) ,CSEP检测结果与临床改善率间进行相关性分析 (Uc =3.995 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　ODLP是治疗CSM一种成熟的外科术式 ,疗效肯定。CSM患者CSEP检测结果与病变程度、临床改善率间存在显著相关性 ,CSEP电生理检测有助于更准确地了解脊髓受损程度 ,预测手术效果 ,为临床提供客观、有价值的信息。     

单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：探讨单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法：应用上述术式治疗脊髓型颈椎病21例,男16例,女5例,平均年龄49岁,临床疗效采用JOA进行评分。结果：平均随访2年6个月,JOA评分平均改善率为76.3%,无一例发生再关门现象或颈椎反曲畸形。结论：单开门棘突重建椎扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病效果较好,棘突重建是防止颈椎不稳及反曲畸形的有效措施。     

锚定法与微型钛板固定法颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后老年患者轴性症状对比研究

目的观察评价老年患者颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中应用锚定法与微型钛板对术后轴性症状的影响。方法选择2010-02-2014-08在本科行颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术患者83例,其中应用锚定法固定43例,应用微型钛板固定40例。锚定法组43例,其中男31例,女12例,年龄46~72岁,平均68.6岁,JOA评分为5~12分,平均(8.34±1.25)分;微型钛板组40例,其中男33例,女7例,年龄47~71岁,平均64.1岁,JOA评分为6~13分,平均(8.89±1.98)分。结果两组患者手术过程顺利,术后切口均一期愈合,术后2个月和术后1年轴性症状发生率比较,锚定法组高于微型钛板组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年患者应用微型钛板完成颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,可获得早期稳定,便于功能锻炼,减少颈椎轴性症状的发生,具有一定优势。     

前路联合术式与后路单开门治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的:比较前路颈椎间盘切除融合术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)联合前路椎体次全切钛网植骨融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)与颈后路单开门微型钛板内固定术治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:对2014年3月至2016年3月手术治疗的63例(男39例,女24例)3节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中43例行ACDF联合ACCF(前路组),20例行颈后路单开门微型钛板内固定术(后路组)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率,并按照JOA评分标准评定两组患者的临床疗效。结果:所有病例获得随访,时间16~40个月,平均25.8个月。前路组与后路组患者手术时间分别为(123.70±6.21)min和(118.70±5.41)min,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术中出血量分别(85.23±7.51)ml和(107.18±9.41)ml,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。前路组发生轴性症状6例,吞咽困难1例,未发生C5神经根麻痹、声音嘶哑及呛咳等并发症,并发症发生率为16.3℅(7/43);后路组发生轴性症状5例,C5神经根麻痹1例,未发生吞咽困难、声音嘶哑及呛咳等并发症,并发症发生率为30.0℅(6/20),两组并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。前路组术后1周及末次随访时的JOA评分均优于后路组(P0.05)。结论 :两种手术方式治疗脊髓型颈椎病均能提供即刻的稳定性,前路联合手术在术中出血量、并发症发生率、临床疗效方面均优于后路组,因此对于连续性3节段脊髓型颈椎病的治疗倾向于前路联合手术。     

自锁式椎间融合器在一期后前路联合手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的应用(2年随访)

[目的]分析一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效.[方法]2006年9月～ 2008年4月,采用一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术连续治疗脊髓型颈椎病52例;前路椎间减压单节段23例、双节段29例.记录患者术前及术后的JOA评分,在颈椎侧位X线片上测量椎间隙高度、椎间前凸角、颈椎前凸角的变化.[结果] 52例共随访24～40个月(平均30个月).52例患者在术后2周内均感到神经症状明显好转;没有发生手术相关并发症.术后6个月随访时,所有患者主诉四肢感觉、肌力、活动均较前明显改善,颈椎X线检查可见椎间已融合,椎间高度及生理曲度完好,无融合器移位、下沉、断裂发生.平均JOA评分由术前(7.3±0.5)分,提高到术后6个月(14.1±0.7)分,术后12个月(14.7±0.6)分,术后24个月(14.9±1.2)分;术后6个月随访时的JOA评分改善率:优21例,良25例,可6例,术后12个月及术后24个月时的JOA评分改善率与术后6个月无明显改变.[结论]采用一期颈椎后路单开门椎管成型、前路椎间减压、自锁式椎间融合器自体植骨椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病能获得颈髓前后方的充分减压及满意的临床疗效,能获得满意的颈椎曲度、稳定性重建及椎间融合.     

颈椎后路椎管扩大成形加短节段固定手术疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨颈椎后路椎管扩大成形加短节段固定手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法 2006-08-2008-06因脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形加颈椎侧块钉棒系统固定融合术的患者21例,将患者的年龄、病程、术前椎管矢状径值、骨性椎管扩大率、脊髓后移距离、术前JOA评分诸影响因素与JOA改善率进行多元逐步回归分析,分析JOA改善率与上述诸因素的相关性。结果术前JOA评分、病程与JOA改善率明确相关,有显著性统计学意义。病程与JOA改善率呈明显负相关,术前JOA评分与JOA改善率呈明显正相关。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形加颈椎侧块钉棒系统固定融合术是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法;术前JOA评分和病程是决定脊髓型颈椎病预后的重要因素,是判断预后的重要指标,两者相比,术前JOA评分更重要。     

微型钢板与锚定法在单开门颈椎管扩大成形术中应用的对比研究

目的与锚定法比较,评价微型钢板法单开门颈椎管扩大成形术的临床效果。方法 2005年1月-2008年10月,收治35例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,根据完成单开门椎管扩大成形术的方法不同分为微型钢板组(15例)及锚定法组(20例)。其中微型钢板组男10例,女5例;年龄(51.2±11.5)岁。病程6～60个月,平均14个月。术前日本骨科协会(JOA)评分为(7.7±2.5)分。锚定法组男13例,女7例;年龄(50.7±10.8)岁。病程3～58个月,平均17个月。术前JOA评分为(7.8±2.9)分。两组患者性别、年龄、术前JOA评分等比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。结果患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。35例均获随访,随访时间24～68个月,平均32个月。锚定法组和微型钢板组手术时间分别为(113±24)min和(111±27)min,差异无统计学意义(t=0.231 3,P=0.818 5)。术后3个月锚定法组和微型钢板组椎管扩大率分别为40%±18%和60%±24%,比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.820,P=0.008)。术后3、24个月两组JOA评分均显著高于术前(P<0.01),但术后3个月两组间JOA评分差异无统计学意义(t=1.620 5,P=0.114 6),术后24个月微型钢板组JOA评分明显高于锚定法组(t=3.454 3,P=0.001 5)。术后3～6个月,X线片、MRI及CT示两组门轴侧沟槽达骨性融合,术后24个月均未发生再关门现象。微型钢板组并发症发生率为13.3%(2/15),显著低于锚定法组25.0%(5/20),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.160 0,P=0.008 6)。结论微型钢板法单开门颈椎管扩大成形术可获得术后即刻稳定性,有助于患者早期行功能锻炼,并发症少,临床效果满意。     

单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床应用

目的评价单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床应用价值。方法 39例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者随机分为Centerpiece钛板组(18例)及传统组(21例),治疗前后行JOA评分,比较治疗后神经功能改善率、椎管扩大率、并发症发生率。结果前两组年龄、JOA评分均无显著性差异;两组手术时间分别为(109±25)min和(111±23)min,无显著性差异(P>0.05);Centerpiece钛板组椎管扩大率(61%±21%)明显高于传统组(40%±17%)(P<0.05)。术后3个月、12个月两组JOA评分均显著高于术前,但术后3个月两组间JOA评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后12个月Centerpiece钛板组JOA评分明显高于传统组(P<0.05)。术后3～6个月进行CT示门轴侧沟槽达到骨性融合。两组均未发生再关门现象;Centerpiece钛板组并发症发生率显著低于传统组(P<0.05)。结论单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术是一种安全有效、操作简单、疗效显著、并发症少的新术式。     

Anterior corpectomy versus posterior laminoplasty for multilevel cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Surgical strategy for multilevel cervical myelopathy resulting from cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) still remains controversial. There are still questions about the relative benefit and safety of direct decompression by anterior corpectomy (CORP) versus indirect decompression by posterior laminoplasty (LAMP).

Objective

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the results of anterior CORP compared with posterior LAMP for patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy.

Methods

Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing anterior CORP with posterior LAMP for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy due to CSM or OPLL from 1990 to December 2012. An extensive search of literature was performed in Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. The quality of the studies was assessed according to GRADE. The following outcome measures were extracted: pre- and postoperative Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score, neurological recovery rate (RR), surgical complications, reoperation rate, operation time and blood loss. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for quality and extracted data. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the mean number of surgical segments.

Results

A total of 12 studies were included in this review, all of which were prospective or retrospective cohort studies with relatively low quality. The results indicated that the mean JOA score system for cervical myelopathy and the neurological RR in the CORP group were superior to those in the LAMP group when the mean surgical segments were <3, but were similar between the two groups in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. There was no statistical difference in the surgical complication rate between the two groups when the mean surgical segments <3, but were significantly higher incidences of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group in the case of the mean surgical segments equal to 3 or more. Besides, the operation time in the CORP group was longer than that in the LAMP group, and the average blood loss was significantly more in the CORP group compared with the LAMP group.

Conclusion

Based on the results above, anterior CORP and fusion is recommended for the treatment of multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were <3. Given the higher rates of surgical complications and complication-related reoperation and the higher surgical trauma associated with multilevel CORP, however, it is suggested that posterior LAMP may be the preferred method of treatment for multilevel cervical myelopathy when the involved surgical segments were equal to 3 or more. In addition, taking the limitations of this study into consideration, it was still not appropriate to draw a strong conclusion claiming superiority for CORP or LAMP. A well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trial is necessary to provide objective data on the clinical results of both procedures.     

间断式Arch钢板固定在单开门颈椎管成形术中的应用

正2010年2月~2012年8月,我科对21例脊髓型颈椎病患者进行颈后路单开门时,采用Arch钢板行颈椎管成形术,间断式固定C_(3,5,7)或C_(3,6),疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组21例,男17例,女4例,年龄44~81岁。临床症状主要表现为上下肢双侧或单侧无力、麻木,出现痉挛步态、踩棉花感以及胸部束带感,有8例患者出现括约肌功能障碍、尿潴