小蓟炭炮制工艺及质量标准研究

采用正交试验法，对小蓟炭的炮制工艺进行优选。结果表明，小蓟炭的最佳炮制工艺为210℃炒制5min，该炮制品的多种微量元素含量明显升高。     

正交优选法筛选荆芥炭炮制的最佳工艺

目的　筛选荆芥炭炮制的最佳工艺。方法　采用分光光度法,测定不同工艺炮制的荆芥炭中总黄酮的含量。结果　荆芥炭炮制的最佳条件是2 10℃、加热10 m in。结论　重复试验表明,所选的最佳炮制工艺较为合理。     

不同工艺炮制茜草炭对小鼠凝血功能的影响

目的:比较不同制炭工艺制得的茜草炭止血作用的差异。方法:采用L9(34)正交实验法设置炮制时间和炮制温度,观察不同制炭工艺制得的茜草炭对小鼠凝血时间的影响。结果与结论:茜草炭能够缩短小鼠凝血时间,但炮制时间和炮制温度对茜草炭止血作用没有影响。     

不同炮制工艺对大黄中蒽醌成分含量的影响

目的：考察不同炮制工艺和炮制时间对大黄中大黄素、大黄素甲醚、芦荟大黄素和番泻苷A含量的影响。方法：大黄分别用酒炙、酒炖、醋炙和炒炭等工艺炮制，用HPLC法测定各种炮制饮片中蒽醌类成分的含量。结果：不同炮制工艺炮制一定时间：大黄素：酒炙〉酒炖〉生片〉醋炙〉炒炭；大黄素甲醚：酒炙〉生片〉醋炙〉酒炖〉炒炭；芦荟大黄素：生片〉炒炭〉酒炙〉酒炖〉醋炙；番泻苷A：生片〉醋炙〉酒炙〉酒炖〉炒炭。结论：应规范大黄的炮制方法。     

蒲黄炭炮制工艺及质量标准研究

蒲黄炭炮制工艺及质量标准研究丁安伟，黄芳（南京中医药大学中药系２１００２９）主题词蒲黄／生产和制备蒲黄的制炭工艺对其临床疗效具有直接影响，本实验采用正交试验法．对蒲黄的炮制工艺进行研究．并为制订蒲黄炭饮片的质量标准提供依据。１实验材料１．１药材试剂蒲...     

地榆炭的炮制质量控制研究

目的制定地榆炭的炮制质量控制方法。方法以各炮制品的凝血时间缩短百分率试验优选地榆炭的最佳炮制工艺,并考察其中鞣质、炭素的含量变化。结果地榆炭的最佳炮制工艺为210℃炒6min。结论本研究为制订地榆炭饮片的质量标准提供参考。     

正交实验法优化侧柏炭炮制工艺研究

目的：优化侧柏炭炮制工艺为侧柏炭规范化生产和质量控制提供依据。方法：采用正交实验法,以槲皮素、槲皮苷含量变化为指标,考察炒炭温度、炒炭时间、炒炭药材量对侧柏炭炒炭工艺的影响。结果：侧柏炭最佳炒炭工艺为：取侧柏叶5kg,炒炭的温度为450℃,炒炭时间为20min。结论：优化工艺适合侧柏炭的炮制生产。     

正交试验法优选生地黄炭的最佳炮制工艺研究

目的:优选生地黄炭的最佳工艺.方法:采用正交试验法,对时间、温度、炮制方法3个因素进行考察,并以吸附力和水浸出物的含量为指标,采用综合评分法优选出生地黄炭的最佳炮制工艺.结果:炮制方法对实验结果有显著性影响,生地黄炭的最佳工艺条件为:200℃,炒20 min.结论:优选得到的生地黄炭炮制工艺合理可行,可为制定其饮片的质量标准提供依据.     

炭药的炮制工艺改进及质量标准初探

采用加入介质和改变火力的方法改进传统的炭药炮制工艺,用ｐＨ值测定法控制炭药质量,通过测定山楂不同炮制工艺所得标准炭品的ｐＨ值和酸性物质含量,以及相关的药理实验,来验证改进工艺的可行性。     

丹皮炭炮制工艺及质量标准研究

采用正交试验法,对丹皮炭的炮制工艺进行优选。结果表明,丹皮炭的最佳炮制工艺为２５０℃,炒制１０ｍｉｎ,该炮制品的多种微量元素含量明显升高。     

白茅根化学成分与药理研究进展

白茅根主要含有三萜类、黄酮类、木脂素类、内酯类、糖类、甾体类及有机酸类等多种化学成分,药理研究表明白茅根具有利尿、止血、抗菌及免疫调节等作用。然而,关于白茅根作用的药效物质基础及作用机制尚不够明确。本文对近年来国内外关于白茅根化学成分及药理研究进行综述,旨在为白茅根药材、提取物、保健品及药品的进一步开发利用及其质量控制研究提供依据。     

白茅根及其混淆品的鉴定研究

白茅根为常用中药,中国药典(1990年版)载白茅根为禾本科植物白茅Imperata cylindrica(L.)P. Beauv. var. major(Nees)C. E. Hubb.的根茎。味甘,性寒。有清热、凉血     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.