CD133免疫磁珠分选脐血内皮祖细胞的培养及鉴定

目的：建立具备高效增殖、血管生成与迁移能力的脐血内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cell,EPC）分离培养鉴定方法。方法：应用免疫磁珠分选纯化脐血单个核细胞中的CD133＋细胞,体外EGM-2MV培养液培养扩增,通过形态学、细胞表面标志及细胞功能鉴定EPCs,并与脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cell,HUVEC）作比较。结果：EPCs分离培养7d左右开始出现小集落,21d左右集落扩大、相互融合,并呈现出典型铺路石样改变;培养14d左右,约90%的细胞免疫荧光Dil-ac-LDL和FITC-UEA-1双阳性,阳性率达90%。CD133和CD34阳性率从86.04%降至2.96%、90.88%降至2.99%,而CD31阳性率从1.12%升至99.88%。在增殖、血管生成与迁移能力上比较,EPCs明显优于HUVECs（P〈0.05）。结论：通过CD133免疫磁珠分选脐血单个核细胞,可培养出具有高效增殖、血管生成与迁移能力的EPCs。     

肝癌细胞系Huh-7中CD133阳性细胞亚群的分离及其特性的研究

目的：研究CD133在人肝癌细胞系Huh-7中的表达,初步探讨肝癌中CD133阳性细胞亚群的干细胞特性。方法：流式细胞荧光激活分选技术纯化肝癌细胞系Huh-7中CD133肿瘤细胞,体外培养并观察其增殖、体内成瘤及分化能力。结果i流式细胞仪检测肝癌细胞系Huh-7中有62．3％的细胞CD133呈阳性表达,流式细胞荧光激活分选的CD133肿瘤细胞在无血清培养基中第3、5、7d的吸光度（OD值）分别为0．310、0．362、0．564,均高于相同条件下未分选细胞和CD133阴性细胞;CD133阳性细胞亚群成瘤能力明显强于阴性细胞亚群;CD133阳性细胞亚群在培养体系中的比例逐日下降,至培养的第8天,由第1天的92．3％下降至61．4％。结论：肝癌细胞系Huh-7中CD133阳性细胞亚群比其它细胞亚群具有较强增殖、成瘤和分化能力,是具有肝癌干细胞特性的细胞亚群。     

Brain tumor stem cells as research and treatment targets

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most malignant forms of human cancer. Despite intensive treatment, the mean survival of GBM patients remains about 1 year. Recent cancer studies revealed that cancer tissues are pathologically heterogeneous and only a small population of cells has the specific ability to reinitiate cancer. This small cell population is called cancer stem cells (CSCs); in brain tumors these are known as brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). The identification of BTSCs yielded new insights into chemo-and radioresistance, by which BTSCs can survive selectively and initiate recurrence. Research focused on BTSCs as treatment targets may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies.     

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells

Angiogenesis research investigates the formation of new blood vessels in wound healing, tumour growth and embryonic development. Circulating, bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were first described 8 years ago, yet the exact nature of these endothelial precursor cells remains unclear. The contributions of circulating EPCs to angiogenesis in tumours, ischaemic injury and other diseases as well as their usefulness in the repair of wounded hearts and limbs remain under intense investigation.     

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) for tumor vasculogenesis in gastric cancer patients

It has been suggested that vasculogenesis by endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) as well as angiogenesis play an important role in the production of blood vessels in neoplasm. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize the EPC in gastric cancer patients as a tumor specific angiogenesis marker. The cells derived from CD34 positive PBMC presented with a cobblestone appearance at 28 days, revealing differentiation into endothelial cells. They were also positive to the LDL-uptake reaction, showing that they have biological endothelial cell functions. These cells demonstrated tube formation, showing their ability to participate in neovascularization. The cells derived from CD34 positive PBMC expressed CD133 and demonstrated telomerase activity, showing the stem cell character. In xenograft model, EPC derived from CD34 positive PBMC mobilized mainly into tumor area after being injected through tail vein. With isolation, ex vivo amplification and characterization of EPC from gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, endothelial progenitor cells may be used as a candidate prognostic and predictive biomarker for cancer.     

CD133 negative glioma cells form tumors in nude rats and give rise to CD133 positive cells

CD133 is a cell surface marker expressed on progenitors of haematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. Moreover, several studies have identified CD133 as a marker of brain tumor-initiating cells. In this study, human glioblastoma multiforme biopsies were engrafted intracerebrally into nude rats. The resulting tumors were serially passaged in vivo, and monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. CD133 expression was analyzed at various passages. Tumors initiated directly from the biopsies expressed little or no CD133, and showed no contrast enhancement suggesting an intact blood-brain barrier. During passaging, the tumors gradually displayed more contrast enhancement, increased angiogenesis and a shorter survival. Real-time qPCR and immunoblots showed that this was accompanied by increased CD133 expression. Primary biopsy spheroids and xenograft tumors were subsequently dissociated and flow sorted into CD133 negative and CD133 positive cell populations. Both populations incorporated BrdU in cell culture, and expressed the neural precursor marker nestin. Notably, CD133 negative cells derived from 6 different patients were tumorgenic when implanted into the rat brains. For 3 of these patients, analysis showed that the resulting tumors contained CD133 positive cells. In conclusion, we show that CD133 negative glioma cells are tumorgenic in nude rats, and that CD133 positive cells can be obtained from these tumors. Upon passaging of the tumors in vivo, CD133 expression is upregulated, coinciding with the onset of angiogenesis and a shorter survival. Thus, our findings do not suggest that CD133 expression is required for brain tumor initiation, but that it may be involved during brain tumor progression.     

CD133和巢蛋白阳性细胞在脑胶质瘤中的表达及分布特征

目的：探讨脑肿瘤干细胞标记物CD133、巢蛋白（Nestin）和CD34标记的微血管密度（CD34-MVD）在人脑胶质瘤中的表达情况,分析三者的关系及其意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法分析62例人脑胶质瘤中的CD133、Nestin和CD34-MVD的表达情况。结果：脑肿瘤干细胞标记物CD133、Nestin在正常脑组织中未见表达,在低级别脑胶质瘤中低表达,在高级别脑胶质瘤中高表达,各组之间表达有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。CD133表达与Nestin表达之间有相关性,两者呈正相关（P〈0．05）。CD133、Nestin均阳性染色组的CD34-MVD值高于两者均阴性组（P〈0．01）。结论：CD133和Nestin表达呈正相关性,两者与人脑胶质瘤的病理分级呈正相关,与CD34-MVD在分布及数量上存在相关性。     

Daoy medulloblastoma cells that express CD133 are radioresistant relative to CD133- cells, and the CD133+ sector is enlarged by hypoxia

PURPOSE: Primary medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells that express the surface marker CD133 are believed to be enriched for brain tumor stem cells because of their unique ability to initiate or reconstitute tumors in immunodeficient mice. This study sought to characterize the radiobiological properties and marker expression changes of CD133+ vs. CD133- cells of an established medulloblastoma cell line. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Daoy and D283 Med cell lines were stained with fluorescently labeled anti-CD133 antibody and sorted into CD133+ and CD133- populations. The effect of oxygen (2% vs. 20%) on CD133 expression was measured. Both populations were analyzed for marker stability, cell cycle distribution, and radiosensitivity. RESULTS: CD133+ Daoy cells restored nearly native CD133+ and CD133- populations within 18 days, whereas CD133- cells remained overwhelmingly CD133-. Culturing Daoy cells in 2% oxygen rather than the standard 20% oxygen increased their CD133 expression 1.6-fold. CD133+ Daoy cells were radioresistant via the beta-parameter of the linear-quadratic model relative to CD133- Daoy cells, although their alpha-parameters and cell cycle distributions were identical. CONCLUSIONS: Restoration of the original CD133+ and CD133- populations from CD133+ Daoy cells in serum is further evidence that CD133+ cells are functionally distinct from CD133- cells. The radioresistance of CD133+ compared with CD133- Daoy cells is consistent with better repair of sublethal damage. Enlargement of the CD133+ sector is a new feature of the hypoxic response.     

Cancer stem/progenitor cells are highly enriched in CD133+CD44+ population in hepatocellular carcinoma

Both our previous study and other reports have suggested that CD133, originally classified as a hematopoietic stem cell marker, could be used for enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was also noted that not all of CD133⁺ cells were representative of CSCs. Further identification and characterization of CSCs or tumor‐initiating cells in HCC are necessary to better understand hepatocarcinogenesis. In present study, we demonstrated that CSC phenotype could be precisely defined by co‐expression of CD133 and CD44 cell surface markers. CD133⁺CD44⁺ HCC cells showed stem cell properties, including extensive proliferation, self‐renewal, and differentiation into the bulk of cancer cells. In vivo xenograft experiments revealed that, actually, the highly tumorigenic capacity of CD133⁺ cells as previously described was primarily attributed to CD133⁺CD44⁺ cell subpopulation, instead of their CD133⁺CD44^? counterparts. Moreover, cells double‐positive for CD133 and CD44 exhibited preferential expression of some stem cell‐associated genes and were more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents due to the upregulation of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) superfamily transporters, including ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2, further supporting these cells as HCC cell origin. Our findings suggest that CD133⁺CD44⁺ cells might represent true cancer stem/progenitor cells in HCC, which could allow a better understanding of HCC initiation and progression, as well as establish a precise target for the development of more effective therapies.     

CD133+ liver cancer stem cells modulate radioresistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma

CD133 is a cancer stem-cell (CSC) marker associated with radioresistance and chemoresistance in various cancers. In the present study, CD133-expressing liver cancer cells following radiation exposure showed higher activation of MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway and reduction in reactive oxygen species levels compared to CD133⁻ cells. The in vivo study with a xenograft model showed increased tumor formation in irradiated CD133⁺ cell-injected nude mice compared to the CD133⁻ group, suggesting that CD133 contributes to radioresistance in HCC. Therefore, CD133-expressing liver cancer cells have anti-apoptotic and radioresistance properties that may be useful to improve anti-cancer treatments, including chemotherapy/radiotherapy of HCC.     

RNA aptamers targeting cancer stem cell marker CD133

The monoclonal antibody against the AC133 epitope of CD133 has been widely used as a cell surface marker of cancer stem cells in several different cancer types. Here, we describe the isolation and characterisation of two RNA aptamers, including the smallest described 15 nucleotide RNA aptamer, which specifically recognise the AC133 epitope and the CD133 protein with high sensitivity. As well, both these aptamers show superior tumour penetration and retention when compared to the AC133 antibody in a 3-D tumour sphere model. These novel CD133 aptamers will aid future development of cancer stem cell targeted therapeutics and molecular imaging.     

胶质瘤U87细胞培养上清诱导CD133+内皮细胞血管生成及其可能的机制

目的： 探讨胶质瘤U87细胞培养上清诱导CD133+内皮细胞血管生成及其可能的机制。 方法： 磁珠法分选脐血CD133+细胞,体外诱导为CD133+内皮细胞并以共聚焦显微镜加以鉴定。U87细胞培养上清作用于CD133+内皮细胞（以DMEM作用为对照）,体外血管生成实验检测其体外血管生成,Transwell法检测其迁移能力,Western blotting检测CD133+内皮细胞中VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2与基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase,MMP-9）的表达,明胶酶谱检测MMP-9的活性。 结果： 脐血CD133+细胞体外诱导培养14 d后,约90%的细胞呈Dil-ac-LDL和FITC-UEA-1双阳性,具有内皮细胞特性,鉴定为CD133+内皮细胞。与DMEM对照组相比,U87细胞培养上清可诱导CD133+内皮细胞血管生成\[（40.7±3.3）vs（21.0±23）,P<0.05\],促进CD133+内皮细胞迁移\[(0.60±0.04) vs (0.27±0.02),P<0.05\]。U87细胞培养上清上调CD133+内皮细胞中VEGFR-2与MMP-9的表达（P<0.05）,而VEGFR-1的表达基本不变;U87细胞培养上清还可增强CD133+内皮细胞中MMP-9的酶活性。 结论： 胶质瘤U87细胞培养上清通过上调CD133+内皮细胞中VEGFR-2与MMP-9的表达促进内皮细胞血管生成。     

CD133+ cells contribute to radioresistance via altered regulation of DNA repair genes in human lung cancer cells

Background

Radioresistance in human tumors has been linked in part to a subset of cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). The prominin 1 (CD133) cell surface protein is proposed to be a marker enriching for CSCs. We explore the importance of DNA repair in contributing to radioresistance in CD133+ lung cancer cells.

Materials and methods

A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines were used. Sorted CD133+ cells were exposed to either single 4 Gy or 8 Gy doses and clonogenic survival measured. ?-H2AX immunofluorescence and quantitative real time PCR was performed on sorted CD133+ cells both in the absence of IR and after two single 4 Gy doses. Lentiviral shRNA was used to silence repair genes.

Results

A549 but not H1299 cells expand their CD133+ population after single 4 Gy exposure, and isolated A549 CD133+ cells demonstrate IR resistance. This resistance corresponded with enhanced repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and upregulated expression of DSB repair genes in A549 cells. Prior IR exposure of two single 4 Gy doses resulted in acquired DNA repair upregulation and improved repair proficiency in both A549 and H1299. Finally Exo1 and Rad51 silencing in A549 cells abrogated the CD133+ IR expansion phenotype and induced IR sensitivity in sorted CD133+ cells.

Conclusions

CD133 identifies a population of cells within specific tumor types containing altered expression of DNA repair genes that are inducible upon exposure to chemotherapy. This altered gene expression contributes to enhanced DSB resolution and the radioresistance phenotype of these cells. We also identify DNA repair genes which may serve as promising therapeutic targets to confer radiosensitivity to CSCs.     

CD133与肿瘤干细胞研究进展

越来越多的证据表明肿瘤中存在肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells),并且其与肿瘤的增殖、转移、复发和对放化疗不敏感关系密切.因此,肿瘤治疗应当针对肿瘤干细胞,通过特异表面标记分选肿瘤干细胞是研究其生长特点的前提.近年来,CD133为研究最多的在于细胞(stem cell)和多种组织肿瘤干细胞表面独立表达的特异标记分子.通过CD133可以分选干细胞、前体细胞和肿瘤干细胞.众多研究表明,CD133~+肿瘤细胞与肿瘤的自我更新、分化潜能、信号传导调控、药物耐受、复发和预后等均有相关性.CD133~+细胞有望在干细胞相关疾病的治疗和肿瘤靶向治疗中发挥巨大作用.     

CD133和CD45在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨CD133和CD45在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学SABC法检测65例NSCLC组织中CD133和CD45的表达,分析两者与肿瘤大小、组织学类型、TNM分期、组织分化程度及淋巴结转移之间的关系.结果 CD133和CD45在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达率分别为69.2％...     

CD133 Act as an Essential Marker in Ovarian Carcinogenesis

Objective: To analyze the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in ovarian carcinogenesis through the identification of CD133 expression in the normal ovary (NO), serous cystadenoma (SC), borderline serous tumour (BST), low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC), and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Materials and methods: A total of 48 tissue samples contain 5 NO, 10 SC, 5 BST, 8 LGSC, and 20 HGSC were stained with anti-CD133 antibody by immunohistochemical protocol. The difference in the H-score of CD133 expression between groups and their relationship to age, histomorphology, and localization was analyzed. Results: CD133 expression varied among tumor groups, with clinicopathologic parameters showing diverse associations (age p = 0.773; histomorphology p = 0.001; and localization p = 0.026). The comparison of CD133 H-scores differed significantly between each group (p = 0.0031), in which precursor and malignant lesions possessed more robust CD133 expression. Conclusion: The presence of CD133 cellular expression and localization in different types of serous ovarian tumours suggests that these markers are involved in ovarian tumorigenesis.     

The recruitment of exogenous endothelial progenitor cells in lung tumor model of nude mice

Background and Objective: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in hypoxia-triggered tumor vasculogenesis. However, the homing of exogenous EPCs in tumors is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the recruitment of exogenous EPCs in human lung adenocarcinoma model of nude mice. Methods: EPCs labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) were transplanted into nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma. The growth of tumor was observed. After the mice were killed, GFP-EPCs in di...     

CD133-positive tumor cell content is a predictor of early recurrence in colorectal cancer

Background

The aims of this study were to demonstrate the tumorigenicity of CD133+ colon cancer cells in vitro, analyze the correlations between spheroid formation and clinicopathologic variables, and screen for overexpressed genes in CD133+ colon cancer stem cells. Moreover, the aim of this study was to establish a living tumor tissue bank using surgically resected specimens.

Methods

Using LoVo cell line, we isolated CD133+ cells and performed clonogenic assay and animal experiment to test tumorigenicity of CD133+ cells. Twenty-nine surgical samples were freshly collected from 27 patients who received curative or palliative surgery, and the samples were mechanically and enzymatically dissociated into single cells.

Results

We confirmed the enhanced tumorigenicity of CD133+ cells isolated from LoVo cell line both in vitro and in vivo. Of these 29 samples, 8 (28%) contained >3% CD133+ cells. Sphere formation was significantly higher in samples from patients with lymphatic invasion than in those without lymphatic invasion [54.5% (6/11) vs. 12.5% (2/16); P=0.033] and in samples containing >3% of CD133+ cells than in those containing ≤3% of CD133+ cells [36.4% (4/11) vs. 0% (0/16); P=0.019].

Conclusions

These findings indicate that CD133 is a valid marker for identifying cancer stem cells from fresh surgically resected colorectal cancer tissues. Furthermore, we successfully established a living tumor tissue bank using surgically resected colorectal tissues with a viability of >70%.     

CD133/prominin-1与胃肠道肿瘤的研究进展

目的:探讨CD133/prominin-1在胃肠道肿瘤患者中的表达情况及其在肿瘤诊断治疗中的意义。方法:应用PubMed及CHKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以胃癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃肠道肿瘤和CD133等为关键词,检索1989-01-2009-10的相关文献,共检索到英文文献1 071条,中文文献79条。纳入标准:1)CD133/prominin-1的基本资料介绍。2)CD133/prominin-1在正常胃肠道中的表达研究。3)CD133/promi-nin-1在胃肠道肿瘤患者体内表达、与临床病理和预后关系的研究。4)CD133/promi-nin-1与胃肠道肿瘤干细胞的关系及在肿瘤诊治中的应用研究。根据纳入的标准,精选了55篇文献,最后纳入了33篇文献进行分析综述。结果:CD133/prominin-1是一个含有5个跨膜区域的单链糖蛋白,主要在干细胞、祖细胞和肿瘤干细胞表达,一直被作为分离和鉴定这些细胞的标志。胃肠道中的正常组织和肿瘤组织中均有CD133的表达,胃肠道肿瘤中的CD133表达与肿瘤干细胞、临床病理和预后有关。结论:了解CD133在胃肠道肿瘤中的表达,可以加深我们对胃肠道肿瘤发生发展机制的认识,...     

Cancer stem cells and brain tumors

Besides the role of normal stem cells in organogenesis, cancer stem cells are thought to be crucial for tumorigenesis. Most current research on human tumors is focused on molecular and cellular analysis of the bulk tumor mass. However, evidence in leukemia and, more recently, in solid tumors suggests that the tumor cell population is heterogeneous. In recent years, several groups have described the existence of a cancer stem cell population in different brain tumors. These neural cancer stem cells (NCSC) can be isolated by cell sorting of dissociated suspensions of tumor cells for the neural stem cell marker CD133. These CD133+ cells -which also express nestin, an intermediate filament that is another neural stem cell marker- represent a small fraction of the entire brain tumor population. The stem-like cancer cells appear to be solely responsible for propagating the disease in laboratory models. A promising new approach to treating glioblastoma proposes targeting cancer stem cells. Here, we summarize progress in delineating NCSC and the implications of the discovery of this cell population in human brain tumors.